图书馆转型期的信息资源整合

在图书馆的转型期，馆藏信息资源呈多样化的态势，亟需进行信息资源的整合。对信息资源的整合包括对内容的整合与对检索方式的整合，二者相辅相成。信息资源的整合使得图书馆工作发生相应变革。     

Internet学术信息整合管理模式研究

文章在剖析知识生产和学术信息需求特点的基础上,分析了我国Internet学术交 流发展的现实状况和存在的问题,论述了为促进Internet学术信息的生产、服务和管理,并兼 顾学术信息开放存取和本国知识长期保存的学术交流发展新趋势,如何从管理机制上解决 Internet学术交流发展存在的各种问题。文章采用信息生产和信息服务分离的管理构想,构建 出Internet学术信息整合宏观管理模型。文章还介绍了该模型的设计思想、管理机制、宏观管 理机构设置和管理职能分配,并分析了它的可取之处和需要进一步研究的问题。     

The boundaries of information sharing and integration: A case study of Taiwan e-Government

The paper explores boundaries of cross-boundary information sharing and integration in the context of Taiwan e-Government by using an integrated framework of boundaries adopted from the literature. The discussion of the various boundaries provides a thorough lens to understand the complexity of cross-boundary information sharing and integration. The adopted framework of boundaries is proved to be a useful analytical tool to perceive various vertical and horizontal boundaries in initiatives of cross-boundary information sharing and integration in different e-Government contexts. A new process boundary in the vertical dimension is also identified. In addition, the case shows that centralized information systems can help government agencies to cross the boundaries of information sharing and reduce the number of boundaries government agencies may encounter. Lastly, it is perceived that vertical boundaries are not always easier to cross than horizontal boundaries.     

A taxonomy of adolescent metacognitive knowledge during the information search process

A case study that took place in Montreal, Canada, used naturalistic methods to investigate the metacognitive knowledge of 10 adolescents as they searched for, selected, and used information for a school-based inquiry project on a topic related to the history of Western civilization. The study identified 13 attributes of metacognitive knowledge related to the information search process: balancing, building a base, changing course, communicating, connecting, knowing that you don't know, knowing your strengths and weaknesses, parallel thinking, pulling back and reflecting, scaffolding, understanding curiosity, understanding memory, understanding time and effort. The results contribute to the understanding of adolescent information-seeking behavior and have implications for information literacy instruction.     

Optimizing search results for human learning goals

While past research has shown that learning outcomes can be influenced by the amount of effort students invest during the learning process, there has been little research into this question for scenarios where people use search engines to learn. In fact, learning-related tasks represent a significant fraction of the time users spend using Web search, so methods for evaluating and optimizing search engines to maximize learning are likely to have broad impact. Thus, we introduce and evaluate a retrieval algorithm designed to maximize educational utility for a vocabulary learning task, in which users learn a set of important keywords for a given topic by reading representative documents on diverse aspects of the topic. Using a crowdsourced pilot study, we compare the learning outcomes of users across four conditions corresponding to rankings that optimize for different levels of keyword density. We find that adding keyword density to the retrieval objective gave significant learning gains on some topics, with higher levels of keyword density generally corresponding to more time spent reading per word, and stronger learning gains per word read. We conclude that our approach to optimizing search ranking for educational utility leads to retrieved document sets that ultimately may result in more efficient learning of important concepts.     

机构知识库与图书馆信息资源整合问题探讨

文章首先分析了在开放获取背景下的机构知识库的定义、内容、功能及发展概况,结合机构知识库的实例及图书馆的信息资源整合工作,从表现层次和应用层次探讨了对机构知识库资源的整合,提出应用SOA理念,改善信息资源整合机制,推进图书馆在e-science背景下构建新的机构信息环境和学术交流环境。     

Process integration,information sharing,and system interoperation in government: A comparative case analysis

In recent years, government agencies on all levels and in all branches have increasingly engaged in harmonizing business processes, standardizing information sharing, and interoperating their information systems, which indicates a rising need for intra- and inter-government collaboration. Simultaneously, the technical capacity for process integration, information sharing, and system interoperation/interoperability (INT-IS-IOP) has also greatly increased. While a number of INT-IS-IOP projects have faced serious challenges leading to problematic project outcomes, other projects have produced the desired results. Using the amended Scholl/Klischewski (2007) framework this study systematically analyzes documents of nineteen cases of mostly successful projects, which were carried out across Europe. Based on the results of this analysis, we identify and document key foci and characteristics of successful projects. The comparative case analysis also helps assess the explanatory power of the Scholl/Klischewski framework, its applicability to practice, and its utility for evaluative purposes.     

科海探宝的最佳工具——Scirus科学搜索引擎

本文着重介绍Soirus科学搜索引擎的功能特色、使用方法与检索技巧,并对其进行简要评价。     

Efficient and effective spam filtering and re-ranking for large web datasets

The TREC 2009 web ad hoc and relevance feedback tasks used a new document collection, the ClueWeb09 dataset, which was crawled from the general web in early 2009. This dataset contains 1 billion web pages, a substantial fraction of which are spam—pages designed to deceive search engines so as to deliver an unwanted payload. We examine the effect of spam on the results of the TREC 2009 web ad hoc and relevance feedback tasks, which used the ClueWeb09 dataset. We show that a simple content-based classifier with minimal training is efficient enough to rank the “spamminess” of every page in the dataset using a standard personal computer in 48 hours, and effective enough to yield significant and substantive improvements in the fixed-cutoff precision (estP10) as well as rank measures (estR-Precision, StatMAP, MAP) of nearly all submitted runs. Moreover, using a set of “honeypot” queries the labeling of training data may be reduced to an entirely automatic process. The results of classical information retrieval methods are particularly enhanced by filtering—from among the worst to among the best.     

论数字信息资源的整合与标准化

理想的数字信息资源整合是把各种信息资源透明地无缝地联在一起 ,让使用者感觉如同只在一个资源系统中操作。经过整合的资源可以充分发挥计算机和网络的强大能力 ,使信息检索效率大大提高。实现理想整合的关键在于标准化。本文参照开放系统互联 (OSI)的七层标准 ,提出信息资源整合的三层标准的设想。     

Urban information integration for advanced e-Planning in Europe

Urban planning is a complex task requiring multidimensional urban information (spatial, social, economic, etc.). The need for assistance in performing urban planning tasks has led to the rapid development of urban information systems, especially “e-Planning” systems, with the support of government policy and emerging information and communication technologies (ICT). In order to enhance the capability of e-Planning and to facilitate 3D visualization and rich analysis of complex city problems, it is very important to allow information from the various sources to be shared and integrated. This paper focuses on technical approaches for multidimensional information integration, especially spatial information integration. In particular it describes the Building Data Integration System (BDIS), developed as part of the IntelCities project, which demonstrates the type of multidimensional systems that are likely to be used in future urban information systems. Functionally, the BDIS demonstrates the feasibility of systems to support the multinational collaboration of construction professionals in the procurement and renovation of buildings. For such systems to be accepted in the United Kingdom (UK) and Europe, they need to be developed with regard to current planning information structures and standards in the UK and Europe which are reviewed in this paper. The achievements and further development of multidimensional information integration through the use of innovative urban data modelling techniques are discussed.     

高校图书馆档案信息资源的整合与开发利用

高校图书馆的档案信息是图书馆重要的信息资源.高校图书馆应采取切实有效措施,做好档案信息资源的整合、规范化建设和有效开发利用工作,以促进图书馆稳步健康发展,满足高校办学快速发展需求.     

互联网人肉搜索与个人隐私权问题的研究

人肉搜索体现了网民欲通过网络追求和实现社会公平及道德正义的理想,但是在实际运用时也带来了侵犯个人隐私权的问题。文章介绍了人肉搜索的演变过程和个人隐私、个人隐私权的界定及国内外相关的法律法规,分析了人肉搜索与个人隐私权的冲突,探讨正确运用人肉搜索的途径。     

图书馆信息资源整合研究

馆藏信息资源多样化的态势，亟需进行信息资源的整合。本文论述了图书馆信息资源整合的必要性、信息资源整合的方式、信息资源整合对图书馆工作的要求和信息资源整合的发展方向。     

A model of vertical integration and economies of scale in information product distribution

The author investigates theoretical conditions under which vertical integration between a retailer (such as a cable television system, newspaper, or movie theater) with local monopoly power and the upstream supplier of one of the products it offers (such as cable television programming networks, newspaper editorials, or motion pictures) might induce the retailer to alter the prices or the content of its menu. The author then models the relationship between information product retailers and suppliers and shows that integration results in a lower retail price for the vertically affiliated product than for the unaffiliated product.     

论高校文献信息资源的整合

面对国内高校图书馆、系部资料室和校园网的相互独立对文献信息资源共享造成的障碍和致使文献信息资源重复建设的现状,文章在分析我国高校文献信息资源状况和高校文献信息资源整合的基础上,系统地提出了整合的策略.     

A study of untrained models for multimodal information retrieval

Operational multimodal information retrieval systems have to deal with increasingly complex document collections and queries that are composed of a large set of textual and non-textual modalities such as ratings, prices, timestamps, geographical coordinates, etc. The resulting combinatorial explosion of modality combinations makes it intractable to treat each modality individually and to obtain suitable training data. As a consequence, instead of finding and training new models for each individual modality or combination of modalities, it is crucial to establish unified models, and fuse their outputs in a robust way. Since the most popular weighting schemes for textual retrieval have in the past generalized well to many retrieval tasks, we demonstrate how they can be adapted to be used with non-textual modalities, which is a first step towards finding such a unified model. We demonstrate that the popular weighting scheme BM25 is suitable to be used for multimodal IR systems and analyze the underlying assumptions of the BM25 formula with respect to merging modalities under the so-called raw-score merging hypothesis, which requires no training. We establish a multimodal baseline for two multimodal test collections, show how modalities differ with respect to their contribution to relevance and the difficulty of treating modalities with overlapping information. Our experiments demonstrate that our multimodal baseline with no training achieves a significantly higher retrieval effectiveness than using just the textual modality for the social book search 2016 collection and lies in the range of a trained multimodal approach using the optimal linear combination of the modality scores.