审美意识形态·作者意识形态·读者意识形态——伊格尔顿的意识形态批评观撷要

意识形态批评是西方马克思主义批评难以割舍的一块阵地。英国马克思主义批评家特里.伊格尔顿提出了“审美意识形态”“作者意识形态”“读者意识形态”的创新性概念,建构了自己独特的意识形态批评理论。伊格尔顿不仅吸取西方马克思主义意识形态批评的成果,而且借鉴了形式主义、结构主义、精神分析学、解构主义等20世纪新潮理论成果,伊格尔顿最终走向的政治批评是与他始终坚持的马克思主义批判立场、目标分不开的。     

论文艺学的“意识形态化”

西方结构主义马克思主义领袖阿尔都塞认为，人是意识形态的动物，他主张一种“大意识形态”观念。依此，文学等社会意识形式，都是意识形态化的产物。中国和西方文学的历史都充分证明了这一点。作为理论形态的文艺学，因其观念性、理论性的本性，和它对文学活动具有的阐释、批评、指导的特殊功能，使它同意识形态具有天然的相互亲和性，故文艺学的意识形态化会相对更加严重。中国现代文艺学的意识形态化，以梁启超的“三界革命”开其端，后历经四个里程碑，至文化大革命达于顶峰。其演进历程，给当代现实的文艺学建设，提供了许多重要的启示。     

移植后的生长——新时期以来女性主义电影批评管窥

女性主义电影批评理论在七八十年代成为西方电影界一种重要的理论批评流派。它的生成和发展吸收了精神分析学、语言学、符号学、阐释学以及后结构主义等一系列学科的理论要素。自八十年代以来西方女性主义电影理论与批评也开始受到中国电影评论界的关注和重视。     

论结构主义叙事学的发展及其对电影叙事学的影响

以结构主义叙事学为基础，采用“故事”和“话语”的“二分法”，将叙事学研究的三个阶段做一梳理分析，概括出各种理论的得失利弊，在此基础上，探讨结构主义叙事学理论对电影叙事理论的影响。     

浅谈阿尔都塞的"意识形态没有历史"

“意识形态没有历史”是马克思在《德意志意识形态》一文中提出的一个否定性、批判性的命题。马克思从实证主义和历史主义的角度阐述了意识形态没有自己独立发展的历史这一理念。阿尔都塞在此基础上从结构主义的视角出发，从一个肯定的意义上来重新解构了马克思的“意识形态没有历史”这一理论命题，指出意识形态是永恒存在的，贯穿于历史之始终的，赋予了马克思的“意识形态没有历史”以新的理论阐释。     

试析马歇雷的"离心结构"理论

马歇雷认为文学是以意识形态为材料的生产活动。意识形态进入作品后处于一种异己力量的对抗中,在文学语言虚设的语境中暴露了自身的虚幻性。正因为这种冲突,使文本成为一个充满矛盾的离心结构。马歇雷在对结构主义的批判中建立自己的理论。他在与结构主义完全不同的意义上使用“结构”一词。结构是外在的、矛盾的、不完整的。     

后殖民话语与李安电影

后殖民主义理论是针对新时期存在的多元文化政治理论和批评方法的集合性话语实践，。在全球化趋势下，第三世界国家如何摆脱“边缘化”，获得自己的独立话语权成为一个值得探讨的问题。李安电影作为一种中西意识形态矛盾中的产物，既不可避免地流露了后殖民主义理论中东方主义的色彩，但同时也呈现了东方文化对西方主流的渗入。本文力图在后殖民话语中从东方主义角度阐释李安电影，从而找到解读他的另一途径。     

马克思主义意识形态理论的当代价值——兼论马克思与阿尔都塞的意识形态理论的差异

西方马克思主义的意识形态理论是建立在对马克思的意识形态理论误读的基础上的。阿尔都塞作为西方马克思主义结构主义的代表,对马克思主义的意识形态理论在很多方面进行了丰富和发展,这一建树在其思想建构中尤为重要,但是他最终背离了捍卫马克思主义的初衷。文章试图从四个方面把马克思与阿尔都塞的意识形态理论进行比较,从而有助于更好地理解马克思的意识形态理论,更好地指导当前中国的社会主义意识形态-文化建设。     

符号学与美育——在复旦大学开设艺术教育课程的一点思考

本文是作者在高校开设艺术教育课程的理性思考。试图在美育中引入西方结构主义符号学理论 ,对青年的审美心理能力的培养、净化其心灵找到一条较新的途径。符号学理论处理的主要是“能指”和“所指”的关系 ,同时它特别重视艺术的形式 ,当然艺术中的美是整体的美 ,不仅仅是形式之美 ,但现代艺术似乎更重视形式。文章对艺术教学的总结较为辩证     

论全球化背景下中国电影的未来走向

中国电影怎样才能在全球化的浪尖上站得稳?怎样才能在强势的西方话语面前另辟蹊径,找到一条属于自己的道路?这是时下电影业界都很关心的话题。本文从哈贝马斯的社会公共领域理论出发,力求通过对艺术与商业、民族与世界情感的普遍结合,找出属于中国电影的“第三条道路,”从而提出对中国电影未来走向的几点建议,同时揭示中国电影所承载的文化意识形态层面的重要使命。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.