Innovation in scheming Maslow＇s hierarchy of basic needs

Almost all schemes that have been issued by scholars or researchers to present Maslow＇s hierarchy of basic needs include a pyramid （triangle） in which the physiological needs are in the base and the self-actualization needs are in the top of the triangle. Although this scheming is inspiring to some results, basic needs have more characteristics that are significant however, this scheming is not able to inspire. Based on elaborating Maslow＇s theory and research＇s findings, this study aims to disclose weaknesses and strengths of traditional scheme （triangle）, and develop two innovated schemes of basic needs, which are more close to Maslow＇s ideas and more inspiring to realize the actuality of this hierarchy.     

From lofty ideals to painful failures： Lessons from the rapid expansion of higher education in Taiwan

For the past few decades, many countries have been giving increasing stress on expanding their higher education system, in the belief that greater access to higher education will bring abundant rewards in the era of globalization and knowledge-based economies. Taiwan is no exception. Between 1986 and 2006, the government of Taiwan dramatically expanded the number of higher educational institutions from 28 to 147, expecting that this action would enhance educational equity and lead to greater economic prosperity. Popularization, however, does not necessarily result in equity. To be sure, the increase in the number of institutes of higher education in Taiwan has made it possible to accommodate almost all interested students. Yet, because the government has failed to make commensurate increases in public funding for higher education, the quality of university education in Taiwan has seriously deteriorated. Moreover, since many students from poor families still cannot afford the increasingly expensive cost of higher education, neither equity nor equality of opportunity has been achieved. In light of this phenomenon, this article focuses on： （1） describing the changes which Taiwan＇s higher education system has undergone over the past two decades; （2） examining the equity issues relating to higher education in Taiwan; and （3） putting forth some suggestions which Taiwan＇s policy makers can use to address the problems which have arisen as a result of the expansion of higher education.     

On the policy structure and orientation of governing the school choice problem in China＇s basic education

The paper analyzes the nature of the basic education, and points out that the scarcity, disparity and exclusiveness to a certain degree form the inner reasons of school choice in China. In review of the policy evolution of governing the school choice problems, and analyzing the policy framework of the current stage, the paper holds that expanding public expenditure is the basis of providing adequate, fair and quality compulsory education and high school education, and the role of social forces should be brought into full play so as to promote the diverse ways of delivering educational services. In reality, the significant institutional guarantee to govern the problem of school choice in China is to transform the government function and build the government more public service oriented, implement the government accountability system and build transparent public debate sphere.     

The Application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to Educational Settings

Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50’s USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management training and personal development.The purpose of this paper is to investigate briefly the application of the theory to educational settings so as to guide a more effective education.     

The Worlds of Fact and Fiction in The French Lieutenant＇ s Woman

Structuralism provides people with an effective solution in their constant quest of meaning.Readers and literary writers as well may make meaning out of a literary text with the concept of binary opposition,such as"fact/fiction".The author analyses the novel and points out that the"fact/fiction"opposition existing in the main characters,and that Mr.Fowles cleverly takes advantage of the opposition and leave the quest of fact to the readers,thus creating a more"factual"world in the story.     

Review on research about Chickering＇s seven factors theory in China

Chickering＇s seven vectors theory developed in America in this category is the most useful for student development in student affairs. There has been no systematic research on Chickering＇s theory in Mainland China, even some existing in Taiwan. However, based on the summary of scattered references, two trends on development for Chinese university students are found for future research： one is that there is some research related to every vector respectively. The other is that a growing trend with rising grades from some aspects connected to some psychosocial vectors is shown on university students. So seven vectors theory is useful for describing development for Chinese university students.     

On the Library＇s Role in Fostering Children＇s Love

具有社会教育职能的图书馆在少儿爱心的形成过程中担任着重要角色。少儿图书馆应充分发挥自己的优势,与家庭和学校密切配合,在图书馆活动中施行爱的教育,为少儿的健康成长作出应有的贡献。     

The Comment on the Appeal of The Knight＇s Tales

Geoffrey Chaucer was an English poet, his best known work is The Canterbury Tales. During which, Chaucer described the pilgrimage undertaken by people on horseback to the shrine of Archbishop Beckett at the Canterbury Cathedrale, with each tolling a story to pass the time. "The Knight'sTales" is one among those stories with exciting plot, and is full of turns and twists.     

The Chinese Culture＇s Spreading in Malaysia

马来西亚华人文化以中华文化为体,但因时地之差异,又深据在地特色,呈现了有别于原乡的文化。马新华人文化一般皆能将文化传统的精神和本质保留下来,由于本土的特殊性,往往都会进行因地制宜地增删和改变。更有进者,在这增删和调整的过程中,部分文化传统还能在原有文化的基础上推陈出新,同时有所创发,并弘扬光大,甚而出现文化回流中国原乡的现象。     

The Philosophy in the Theory of the Popularization of Literature and Art --Rereading Mao Zedong＇s Speech at Forum on Literature and Art in Yanan

1942年毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》是文艺大众化理论的典范之作。毛泽东以马克思主义哲学作为立论基础,以“文艺与人民”的关系为逻辑起点,强调社会实践在文艺创造中的意义和价值,抓住文化、文艺的创造性特征,形成了辩证的文艺发展理论。重读《讲话》,对于我们认识和理解当代文艺发展的矛盾和问题,具有重要的理论指导意义和价值。