National construction of global education: a critical review of the national curriculum standards for South Korean global high schools

In this paper, the authors investigate what global visions of education are reflected in the selected national curriculum standards, with special reference to two seemingly contradictory forces: globalization and nationalism. This paper examines the socio-economic and cultural foundations of the curriculum and explains how the national curriculum for South Korean global high schools symbolically appropriates global education for the purpose of national competitiveness. Our findings show that, although the selected curriculum document alludes to the importance of international understanding and of global citizenship education, its primary objective is to provide students with knowledge and skills for national competitiveness and to uphold, rather than weaken, national identity in reaction to global pressures. This phenomenon is closely linked to the historical background of Koreanized globalization, in which the concept of segyehwa has been used as a catalyst for undertaking global education for the ends of global competiveness and national pride.     

Remaking Chinese identity: hegemonic struggles over national education in post‐colonial Hong Kong

Following the resumption of Chinese sovereignty in 1997, the Hong Kong Government has introduced a new national education project which aims at building nationalism and patriotism. With an active involvement of the state and civil society in promoting national education in recent years, there have been certain drastic changes in the school system—reforms in the curriculum with more weight to national identity and China’s topics, more nationalistic or patriotic extra‐curricular activities and rituals, and more training for teachers to conduct national education. Informed by a Gramscian notion of hegemony, this paper analyses the advent of and struggles over the national education policy and illustrates the collaboration and contests among various groups in the nation‐building project—with the controversies over display of the national flag and liberal studies curriculum as examples.     

我国外语课程价值取向的历史演变及启示

外语课程价值取向的正确与否不仅关系到国家的政治、经济、科技发展,而且关系到国家的安全、文化传统的传承以及下一代整体素质的提高。外语课程价值取向的历史演变是国人开放意识与开放智慧的具体表征。通过回溯近代以来外语课程民族性与世界性价值取向的历史演变,可得到几点启示：外语课程应体现开放的民族主义文化认同价值取向;课程目标应体现跨文化人才世界性与民族性的双重标准;课程内容要兼顾中外文化;课程地位的确定要适切本国国情与国际发展的形势。     

浅谈20世纪80年代以来的美国基础教育课程改革

文章在对美国自20世纪80年代以来的基础教育课程改革进行梳理的基础上,指出了美国此次课程改革的核心目标是使全体美国学生都得到进步和提高,探讨了此次课程改革的主要策略:调整课程结构,制订课程标准,建立统考制度。并进而指出,美国此次课程改革起源于强烈的教育危机意识,这种危机意识是与维护美国国家利益紧密相关的。     

当代俄罗斯公民教育的特点及启示

俄罗斯是一个在历史反思中寻求民族振兴的国家。在经历社会动荡之后,俄联邦政府积极进行公民教育改革,凸显了俄罗斯公民教育的鲜明特点,即注重公民教育的民族性、公民教育内容的系统化、公民教育系统的网络空间化和公民教育课程的现代化。这些对我国的公民教育具有一定的借鉴意义。     

新的教育理念与基础教育课程改革

国家进行第八次基础教育课程改革有着不同寻常的时代背景。改革的内容包括:课程结构、课程功能、课程内容、课程实施、课程评价、课程管理。这次课改体现了一些新的教育理念:终身教育的思想、大众教育的思想、学习化社会的思想、主体教育的思想、多元智能的理论、后现代主义课程观、建构主义教学理论等。     

高师音乐学专业课程体系改革探索

随着我国基础音乐教育改革的进一步深入，对中小学音乐教师提出了新的要求，高师音乐学专业现有课程体系已成为中小学音乐教育改革的瓶颈，也是其自身发展的障碍。要改革高师音乐学专业现有课程体系就必须把为基础教育服务、培养品质的中小学教师作为高师课程体系的构建理念，确立新的课程构建原则，使新课程体系具有先进性、民族性和时代性。     

新西兰护理教育模式及对我国的启示

新西兰的护理教育在其护理教育理念及临床护理教育模式下,已经发展出一套完整的适合国情的护理教育体系。通过对新西兰护理教育在课程设置、课程实施、课程评估以及执业护理考试等方面的调查,发现在其良好的护理教育环境下,具有全新的教育模式,灵活多变的教学方法及评估措施,且与临床护理实践紧密相关,很好地体现了护理特色,满足了临床护理需求。新西兰护理教育模式为我国的护理教育在课程设置、教学方法、评估手段方面提供了借鉴和帮助。     

新课改下提升初中体育教师专业发展的方法及途径

新课改对各学科都提出了新的要求,同样新课改也响应健康中国理念的号召,对体育教学也提出了新的要求,将体育纳入中考体系当中已经成为当前在初中阶段施行的教学方案之一。以往在初中教育体系中对体育教学的要求较低,体育教师发展前景较差,使得体育教师的专业素养始终没有得到有效的提升,也直接限制了学生身体素质的提升,为了改变这种现状,让体育教学满足当前国家的要求,本文将主要分析新课改下提升初中体育教师专业发展的方法和途径。     

National Curriculum for Physical Education in the United States

Since the publication of A Nation at Risk, some scholars have argued that a national curriculum and national testing are necessary to hold school personnel accountable for student achievement and, ultimately, to raise educational standards. The idea of developing a nationwide curriculum has been widely debated in the United States, where the traditions of local control and state responsibility are dominant. Thus, this article examines the relevance and feasibility of a uniform curriculum in physical education. A core curriculum for physical education has the potential to provide clear goals, coherent instructional guidelines, and relevant assessments aligned with designated program outcomes. A more advanced curricula framework with clear guidance for P-12 curricula and pedagogical practices could promote system-wide changes in school-based physical education. In contrast, the adoption of an overly rigid national curriculum would create a stifling educational context where cultural differences and local flexibility are not allowed.     

Intercultural dimensions in the (new) curriculum of Cyprus: the way forward

In 2010, the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) in Cyprus introduced a ‘new’ national curriculum for all public schools of the Cypriot republic. The overarching purpose of this study is to examine how the ongoing educational reform in Cyprus could set a different ideological framework, within which intercultural education may be developed and implemented. To this end, it provides a number of important insights into the intercultural dimension of the ‘new’ national curriculum by exploring the formal and the ideological levels of the curriculum. More specifically, it indicates the ways in which the ideological curriculum has been formed by the complex and often counteractive discourses of monoculturalism, multiculturalism and interculturalism due to the socio-historical context of Cyprus. The conclusions of this study assert that further research should be conducted to examine the implications pertaining to teachers’ practice and student learning with regard to intercultural education.     

基础教育课程改革的反思与评价——第四次全国课程学术研讨会综述

为了积极推动、配合我国新一轮基础教育课程改革,加强全国课程专业委员会的学术研讨与交流,中国教育学会教育学分会课程专业委员会特主办第四次全国课程学术研讨会。会议的主题是:“基础教育课程改革的反思和评价”。与会代表主要研讨五项议题:新基础教育课程改革的理论创新和反思;新课程的实施与评价;地方课程、校本课程、综合实践活动课程的开发与反思;新课程与教师专业发展;基础教育课程改革的政策分析与课程管理的反思。会议取得了丰硕的成果。     

美国小学德育课程模式历史转型及启示

德育课程是德育工作的核心,美国小学德育课程模式在数百年发展中经历了从单纯移植到建立国家德育体系,并随社会变革使德育课程模式逐步向现代转型,再到从小学德育的世纪改革走向综合德育课程模式新兴的演进历程。数次重大的转型推进了美国德育的现代变革,形成了一个兼容并包、整合互动的德育课程模式,对美国社会发展起了重要作用。     

新世纪以来芬兰基础教育课程改革及其启示

21世纪芬兰经济快速发展,产业结构发生变化,第三产业比重持续上升并成为国民经济的主导产业,加上社会经济与科技的进步,芬兰政府意识到改革基础教育课程的重要性。芬兰在课程理念、课程内容、课程管理、课程设置、师资建设等方面都进行了改革。具体包括:尊重天性,培养终身学习的能力;重视科技与外语课程;课程管理分散灵活,实行"不分年级制";增加课程设置的弹性;整治教师队伍,为课程改革提供师资保证;政府为基础教育课程改革提供财力保障。改革虽然取得了一定的成果,但是其中也存在一些问题,例如,忽视学生学习自觉性的引导,对性别造成的学习差异不够重视,缺乏统一客观的课程评价标准等。芬兰基础教育课程改革的经验与教训启示我们:要注重课程设置的公平性;增加课程设置的弹性;提高师资队伍质量,使其具备配合国家课程改革的综合素质;建立全面而严格的基础教育课程改革评估制度;为学生提供多样化的选课方案以及课程指导制度。     

Education reform and competency-based education

The core purpose of this paper is to describe a new educational paradigm as well as possible directions and tasks for education reform in the 21^st century. The present-day education system has failed to nurture the kind of creative people who can play leading roles in development or to produce citizens of a good character and democratic tendencies. We need to look at education from the standpoint of expanding the totality of possibilities for national development. The current educational system of Korea can be characterized as one of “manpower-centered education. ” In this system, education functions to produce the human resources needed by the nation, and there is a strong belief in the classification and selection of high-quality human capital via the school system. We can think of an educational model that is parallel to the current system of manpower classification and selection and call it “competency-based education. ” In this model, the identification of individual ability, talent, and aptitude is deemed to be the most important, and the key task of education is self-actualization through recognition and cultivation of such talents and abilities. What educational values should be pursued within a new competency-based paradigm? First, we can reduce the relative weight of subject-centered education and introduce a competency-based curriculum in order to teach key competences for life. Second, new intelligence theories must be introduced into education in order to foster the development of students' talents, aptitudes, and potentials. Third, we can make use of positive psychology, which is a newly emerging field, the core concept of which is the belief that happiness in life depends on one's ability to develop and maintain positive feelings and emotions.     

近代中国民族主义教师观价值取向的流变与融合

近代中国先觉者都以教育为培养民族主义最重要的途径,所提出的民族主义教师观呈现政治和文化两种取向。从梁启超与陶行知的政治取向,到余家菊的文化取向,再到梁漱溟兼具政治和文化两种取向,这一民族主义教师观价值取向的流变与融合过程是民族主义理论在近代中国产生发展及完善历程的具体体现。这些具有不同取向的近代民族主义教师观都强调教师应站在民族主义的立场,培养新国民,以图民族国家的独立与富强。     

The idea of cosmopolitanism in Korea's national curriculum

The idea of cosmopolitanism is emerging as an explicit aim of the Korean educational system. Over the course of its 5,000-year history, Korea has been characterized by a largely homogeneous population. In recent years, however, it has begun to face the challenges of a multicultural society, and thus the notion of cosmopolitanism plays an important role in providing a vision for the reinterpretation of Korean identity. The purpose of this study is to explore how cosmopolitan perspectives have been reflected in recent changes to the Korean national curriculum. To achieve this aim, the study analyses national curriculum documents put in place after the mid-1990s, when great debates over educational reform emerged in the wake of globalization. In particular, the study focuses on two aspects of the manifestation of cosmopolitan perspectives: the policies associated with the Korean national curriculum, and the contents of the social studies and moral education curricula. The study concludes with a discussion of the conflicts surrounding the idea of cosmopolitanism in the Korean national curriculum.     

基于文化变迁的我国基础教育课程改革的回顾和展望

课程扮演着文化传承的角色,文化变迁也将带来课程的不断演化。笔者首先从文化变迁的视角,分析我国基础教育课程改革历程,指出影响我国基础教育课程改革的基本因素。然后通过建立大课程观、新型课程范式和多元化课程体系,有望形成基础教育课程改革的主动化、多元化、特色化。最后对我国基础教育课程改革进行了展望。     

Policy,practice, and reconversion in Spanish educational reform: teaching and teacher education in physical education

Abstract

Since the late 1980s, reform of the Spanish education system has been justified by reformists as a response to the social and economic changes that have occurred in Spanish society since the democratic transition in the 1970s. Consolidation of democracy, development of technology and economic convergence with the advanced nations of Europe have been seen as the major challenges for educational reform. Restructuring and legitimation processes derived from the requirements of the new reform have been conceptualized as a policy of reconversion, the main purpose of which is to maintain, or achieve, a strong competitive position in the international market. In this paper, conceptualizing educational reform as a reconversion process will allow us to link aspects of the new curriculum (content, pedagogy and assessment), school organization, teaching and teacher education in physical education with wider economic, social and cultural influences and explore the tensions and conflicts between policy and practice in PE in schools. The paper will argue that there is a widening gap between the interests of progressive educationalists and the direction of market‐driven education reform.     

Exploring the Relationship Between Knowledge and Power in the Spanish National Curriculum for Visual Arts

The main goal of this research is to raise some issues about what is considered school knowledge in the Spanish national curriculum, as well as to make explicit the curriculum discourses of the relationship between knowledge and power. This means that the observation, distribution and production of knowledge at schools implies and generates specific forms of power, understanding at the same time, power as a producer of social identity [Popkewitz, 1994]. The paper focuses on a case study at one school and explores the relationship between knowledge and power in the art education curriculum. This approach is founded on Foucault [1969], and the works of Ball [1993] and Popkewitz [1994], towards a sociology of curriculum studies or what is known as the New Sociology of Education.