容器隐喻视角下介词in的语义研究

根据Lakoff和Johnson的容器隐喻理论，解释介词in空间语义形成、隐喻意义拓展的原则及过程，可以使英语学习者更加系统、深刻地理解介词in的各个义项及各义项间的联系。     

Concept mapping as a follow-up strategy to learning from texts: what characterizes good and poor mappers?

Concept maps consist of nodes that represent concepts and links that represent relationships between concepts. Various studies have shown that concept mapping fosters meaningful learning. However, little is known about the specific cognitive processes that are responsible for such mapping effects. In a thinking-aloud study, we analyzed the relations between cognitive processes during concept mapping as well as the characteristics of the concept maps that the learners produced and learning outcomes (38 university students). To test whether differences in learning outcome are due to differences in general abilities, verbal and spatial abilities were also assessed. In a cluster-analysis two types of ineffective learners were identified: ‘non-labeling mappers’ and ‘non-planning mappers’. Effective learners, in contrast, showed much effort in planning their mapping process and constructing a coherent concept map. These strategies were more evident in students with prior concept-mapping experience (‘advanced beginners’) than in those who had not used this learning strategy before (‘successful beginners’). Based on the present findings, suggestions for a direct training approach (i.e., strategy training with worked-out examples) and an indirect training approach (i.e., supporting the learners with strategy prompts) were developed.     

Korean mature women students’ various subjectivities in relation to their motivation for higher education: generational differences amongst women

This qualitative case study attempts to conceptualize certain ‘patterns’ and ‘processes’ of which 28 mature women undergraduates give meanings to their motivation for higher education in their life contexts. Particular attention has been paid to include diverse groups of women according to their age, prior educational background, marital and occupational status. This was to seek for possibilities of differences amongst the mature women undergraduates, which is a scholarly neglected issue in the existing literature. Life history interviews were conducted with individual participants aged 25–75. Based on a combination of grounded theory approach and feminist post-structuralist theory, three types of learners were identified primarily in different generation—an age cohort that shares certain experiences in common. They are younger ‘careerist learners’, ‘personal growth learners’ and older ‘vicarious living learners’. Although the motivations for these three types of learners overlap to some extent, they disclose distinct gendered subjectivities. The analysis suggests that this partly reflects the historical dynamics of gender relations in Korean society. Drawing on empirical findings, this paper argues that more attention needs to be paid to diversities among mature women students and to socio-historical contexts under which those learners’ motivations and perspectives are constructed.     

论学习环境设计的理论基础

如何为学习者创设良好的学习环境以支持和促进学习者的学习已逐渐成为教育技术领域的前沿研究课题。本文对“社会-文化观”下的情境认知理论、活动理论、分布式认知理论等三种理论的主要观点加以概括,并详细分析了它们为学习环境设计所提供的指导原则。笔者认为,好的学习环境设计应该得到理论的指导但不能成为理论的奴隶,设计者应该根据具体学习情境的约束和给养,为学习者尽可能地提供真实的情境、活动和任务。     

‘This baby…it isn't alive.’ Towards a community of learners for vocational orientation

The aim of this study is to contribute to the innovation of pre‐vocational education, in particular, students' orientation at possible future occupations. From our theoretical understanding, vocational orientation that makes sense to students requires them to be part of a ‘community of learners for vocational orientation’. In such a community, students are stimulated to learn deliberately while participating in vocational practices. In this article we distinguish four parameters to define a community of learners for vocational orientation. We then present the results of a collective instrumental case study into teaching‐learning processes in four classes in two pre‐vocational secondary schools. Data were collected through classroom observations, a series of interviews with teachers and students. The interviews focused on eight ‘critical incidents’ recorded during classroom observations. The results show that the parameters ‘shared learning’ and ‘meaningful learning’ are more manifest in the teaching‐learning process than ‘reflective learning’ and ‘a focus on transferable learning outcomes’. The article concludes with a discussion of the limits of working in simulated work situations in school for realizing effective pre‐vocational education.     

学习干预对在线学习者的影响及其学习行为序列差异

根据社会比较理论可知,利用学习干预帮助学习者了解自己和同伴的学习情况,有助于激发学习动机、改善学习行为。基于此,文章利用滞后序列分析法,探究学习干预对高成就学习者、中成就学习者、低成就学习者学习行为的影响及其学习行为序列差异,结果发现:学习干预对问题解决行为的影响最大,对协作行为的影响最小;中成就学习者的学习行为序列受学习干预的影响最大;学习干预导致部分学习者层次发生改变,其中低成就学习者的成绩提升幅度最大。借鉴社会比较理论分析不同层次在线学习者的学习行为序列差异,旨在提供更有效的学习干预,以改善教学决策、提升学习成效。     

Informal Learning with Technology: The Effects of Self-Constructing Externalizations

ABSTRACT

Especially in the context of technology-enhanced informal learning, it is crucial to understand how to design information sources in such a way that learners are not overwhelmed by the demands of the learning process, but at the same time are engaged in higher order thinking processes. Guidance aids learners in dealing with the demands of a learning process. The authors examined the effects of different levels of guidance provided by an information source. To this end, the effects of a preconstructed externalization are compared to a self-constructed externalization. Thirty-eight students participated in the study. The results revealed no significant differences between the groups with respect to posttest retention. However, performance in application tasks was promoted by the condition associated with a lower level of guidance. This suggests that having learners self-construct an externalization might be a suitable means to elicit learners’ higher order thinking processes in technology-enhanced informal learning.     

Student Engagement and the Social Relations of Pedagogy

Drawing on the 'sociology of pedagogy', the present article addresses a continuing challenge for teachers and policy-makers. The challenge is how to encourage disengaged learners to take up offers of educational success. The article brings important theoretical frames from the sociology of pedagogy into current research debates about 'productive pedagogies'. Focusing on the social relations of pedagogy, the article promotes a theoretical and empirical imperative to look keenly to the insights provided by students to construct clearer solutions to the challenge of providing engaging pedagogies.     

不同母语CSL学习者“时间量度形容词”的混淆分布特征与成因分析

本文基于汉语中介语语料库,对比考察了英、韩、日、蒙、印尼语背景CSL学习者8个表时间的量度形容词混淆的分布特征与成因。研究发现:不同母语背景学习者的混淆词在误用方向、词际关系、混用频次和比率上都有一定差异;词语混淆受到目的语同义词关系和母语多重因素影响,在母语方面,英语者的混淆主要源于母语对译词相同和母语表达方式误推;韩语者的混淆主要源于母语词义位误推、同根词干扰和组配关系误推;日语者的混淆主要源于同形汉字词;蒙语者的混淆主要源于母语词义位误推;印尼语者的混淆主要源于母语方言误用、母语词义位误推和同根词干扰。     

Skill may not be enough: The role of mindfulness in learning and transfer

The gap between what learners can do and what they actually do can be narrowed down to a great extent by the notion of mindfulness. This construct is defined as the volitional, metacognitively guided employment of non-automatic, usually effortful processes. Mindfulness is a mid-level construct which reflects a voluntary state of mind, and connects among motivation, cognition, and learning. It is both a general tendency and a response to situational demands. This dimension of mindfulness-mindlessness, plays various important roles in different kinds of learning and transfer situations, and for different kinds of learners. Theoretical, operational, and educational implications of this dimension are discussed.     

语言学习策略对比及运用

本简述外语学习策略理论。主要通过对国内外学使用同一语言学习策略量表(SILL)对外语学习策略所作的调查进行对比研究，并结合笔所做的一份英语学习策略的开放式问卷的分析，寻找影响语言学习策略选择的有关因素和学生在英语学习策略使用方面存在的问题。旨在探求在大学英语教学条件下，语言学习策略的选择和运用。     

从讲授转向建构——基于学习主体研究的外语学习环境创新

目前国内普遍存在的“讲授型外语学习”环境阻碍了外语教学效能的提高和外语教学目标的实现。从分析外语学习目标、学习主体和建构型外语学习环境的特征出发,深入阐述了创新外语学习环境的必要性,并提出一个由目标任务、主题情境、多元信息资源、自主学习策略、协作学习模式、多维评估体系、和谐师生关系七要素构成的建构型外语学习环境的设计模型。     

Unstated and unjust: juggling relational requirements of professional experience for pre-service teachers

Overarching tasks faced by initial teacher education (ITE) students comprise a multitude of factors, not least learning to marry theoretical learning with practical application. Part of this learning is the gradual construction of relationships with learners and colleagues. Another, less exposed, challenge arises from a disparity of outlook that can extend to differences in beliefs, values and openness to others. This study focussed on failing final year pre-service teachers. Using a phenomenological method, these student voices were interpreted to reveal instances of discrimination and silencing that emerged during their mandated professional experience. Accounts of inequity, bias and injustice illuminated some contradictions inbuilt into this period as poor relationships and inappropriate power relations became counterproductive in what is presumed to be a developmental and non-negotiable ITE activity. Results highlight some of the unspoken and unquestioned practices in schools and the corresponding agency employed by pre-service teachers as they seek acknowledgement and inclusion.     

Young children's knowledge of fair sharing as an informal basis for understanding division: A latent profile analysis

This study examined patterns of individual differences in young children's early understanding of division. Two hundred and thirty-seven 5- and 6-year-old children completed division tasks that assessed their understanding of the direct and inverse relations in division in two different situations – partitive and quotitive. Two main results emerged from our latent profile analyses. First, all children who had good performance in the inverse-relation problems also performed well in the direct-relation problems, but the converse was not true. Second, all children who performed well in the inverse-relation problems in quotitive situations also performed well in the inverse-relation problems in partitive situations, but not vice versa. The findings highlight the importance of situations in determining children's success in recognizing the inverse relation in division. Several theoretical implications for the development of children's division concepts and educational implications for assessment and teaching are discussed.     

Competence and performance in causal learning

The dominant theoretical approach to causal learning postulates the acquisition of associative weights between cues and outcomes. This reduction of causal induction to associative learning implies that learners are insensitive to important characteristics of causality, such as the inherent directionality between causes and effects. An ongoing debate centers on the question of whether causal learning is sensitive to causal directionality (as is postulated by causal-model theory) or whether it neglects this important feature of the physical world (as implied by associationist theories). Three experiments using different cue competition paradigms are reported that demonstrate the competence of human learners to differentiate between predictive and diagnostic learning. However, the experiments also show that this competence displays itself best in learning situations with few processing demands and with convincingly conveyed causal structures. The study provides evidence for the necessity to distinguish between competence and performance in causal learning.     

漫谈英语限定词

本文论述了限定词的作用和相对位置及其与名词的搭配情况。并分析了它与别的词类的区别     

分级教学下英语元认知策略调查与分析

通过调查中医药大学学生自主学习元认知策略的使用情况,了解分级教学下快慢班学生元认知策略使用的差异性,发现其存在的一些问题:(1)学生使用元认知策略来管理英语自主学习的能力较弱;(2)快慢班学生在元认知策略的使用上强弱不一;(3)快慢班学生在学习过程中都很少与他人合作学习。针对这些结果,提出一些教学建议。     

数字化游戏的叙事性交互设计

情境认知理论认为知识是人与情境、人与社会交互的产物,学习者学习的意义建构是通过与"认知情境"的交互实现的,而基于情境认知理论设计的数字化游戏采用了叙事性交互来实现学习者与游戏故事的互动,叙事性交互是一种新的游戏元素。文章探讨了叙事性要素的概念和设计策略,以及实现的方法。     

Diverse student voice approaches across Europe

The Student voice concept encompasses the right for learners to express their opinions, access people who influence decisions and actively participate in educational decision-making processes. In this article, three features of a European Erasmus Plus project called “BRIDGE” are presented in a sequence ranging from theoretical considerations for school improvement to an analysis of school contexts and settings, followed by a presentation of results from working with one of the project’s student voice tools. Central in each example is the notion that working in partnership with students will enable students to become more self-directed learners and active citizens.