远程开放教育新生学习自主性发展行动研究

为探索开放教育中新生学习自主性发展的途径与模式,在开放教育试点专升本英语专业"高级日常英语"课程辅导中开展新生学习自主性行动研究的实践.研究发现,通过教师的远程和面授辅导及参加网上交流活动,开放教育新生逐渐适应了远程学习模式,从被动学习向主动学习过渡,从过分依赖面授课辅导向教师帮助下的自主学习过渡,为开展以后的远程学习奠定了基础.     

参与型教学在课程教学中的应用

如何在远程开放教育面授辅导过程中激起学生的学习兴趣,在有限的时间内帮助学生理解和掌握课程内容,提高编程能力,真正达到远程开放教育所倡导的学生应以自主学习为主,培养学生的自学能力和分析问题与解决问题的能力,是我们辅导教师应当重点考虑的问题。黑龙江省高等学校"课型"教改理论与实     

学习支持服务系统建设的实践

广播电视大学正在进行的“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”,受到了社会的欢迎,发展迅速,开放教育已逐渐成为广播电视大学主要办学形式。远程开放教育作为一种全新的教育模式,强调以学生为中心的个别化自主学习。个别化自主学习要求学习者自我管理、自我负责,因而教育与教学活动必须创设良好的环境,以顺应学生个体的学习需要。基层电大开办远程开放教育中,如何帮助、辅导学生学习,创造一个适合学生学习的环境,适应办学模式的转变成为必须解决的课题。学习支持服务系统的建设是项目试点中的重要环节,我校在开展“人才培养模式改革与开放教育试点”项目试点中,对学习支持服务系统建设进行了探索与实践。     

关于远程开放教育若干问题的探讨

远程开放教育有它的普遍规律，重庆广播电视大学实施远程开放教育，既要遵循普遍规律，也要根据学校及本地区的客观条件寻求自己办学的特色，本文拟对此作一些初步探究。一、远程开放教育中学生学习模式的构想（一）个别化学习中的学生学习模式我们知道，开放教育的本质是对学习者的开放，也就是让人人都享有使他们获得最大发展的教育，具体地说就是以学生为中心，为他们营造良好的学习环境，使学生随时随地都能够很方便、很灵活地进行学习。与之相适应的开放远程教育的学习模式如下（图１）。在这个模式中，我们把开放教育机构分为四个部分…     

关于自主学习的思考

远程开放教育是教育发展的必然趋势、也是电大教育改革的必然选择。现代远程开放教育强调以学生的学习为中心,教师和教育机构为学生的学习提供支持服务。学生自主学习是远程教育走向开放的关键,是电大教学改革的核心。从1999年开始,电大系统实施“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目,就是为了探索在远程开放的条件下电大的教学模式和人才培养模式,而要建立开放教育的教学模式和人才培养模式,首先应该解决学生的自主学习问题,本文对自主学习的有关问题作一探讨。     

美国大学补习教育及其启示

在美国,为大学生提供补习教育是一种极其普遍的现象,其对象主要是那些缺乏基本的读、写、算技能的大学新生,目的在于通过一年左右的补习教育使这些学生获得大学学习所要求的基本的读、写、算的技能,以帮助学生顺利地适应大学的学习生活而过渡到高年级学习。美国大学所实施的补习教育对于提高我国大学对新生适应问题的重视、解决新生所面临的问题有着积极的启示。     

远程开放教育基层电大的教师职责与教师培训

远程开放教育基层电大教师的职责主要体现在宣传开放教育理念、指导与培养学生的自主学习能力、进行面授辅导、开展网上教学活动、加强学习支持服务和督促学生学习过程等方面。学校应加强教师远程开放教育理论、现代信息技术和教育技术、组织面授辅导具体方法的培训;安排教师到企事业单位实习,提升实践能力;编写教学工作手册,加强教学科研等等。帮助教师更好地履行职责,全面提升教学质量。     

超越“适应期”——大学新生适应不良及对策研究

进入大学是人生一次重要转折,大学新生在这一转变过程中在学习适应、人际适应、生活适应、心理适应、环境适应等方面产生诸多困难和问题。对此,教育工作者应加强指导,培养他们的交往能力,开展心理辅导,学会自我调适,帮助新生尽快适应大学学习,走好大学生活第一步。     

在线辅导答疑的影响因素研究

我国目前网络远程院校对学生学习过程的辅导与答疑主要通过互联网来实现,它对学生的学习至关重要,因此笔者于2005年以北京邮电大学网络教育学院和天津广播电视大学(以下简称"北邮网院"和"天津电大")的远程学生为研究对象,通过问卷调查法、访谈法、观察法和文献研究法来揭示学生参与在线辅导答疑的参与情况与影响因素。两所学校的课程论坛中并没有形成有意义的师生、生生交互,学生在问卷中也反映同步在线辅导答疑对他们的帮助更大,所以本文以同步在线辅导答疑为重点展开论述。     

构建网络英语统考辅导中的非学科性学习支持服务

网络英语统考辅导中,远程教育机构主要关注的是学科性学习支持服务建设,对非学科性学习支持服务的重视不足。文章以学生为中心,构建适合网络英语统考辅导的非学科性学习支持服务体系,为远程学习者提供个性化的学习服务,以期指导、帮助和促进远程学习者自主学习,提高学习效率和质量。     

Changing spaces of education: new perspectives on the nature of learning

This case study relates to distance learning students on open access courses. It demonstrates the use of predictive analytics to generate a model of the probabilities of success and retention at different points, or milestones, in a student journey. A core set of explanatory variables has been established and their varying relative importance at different milestones identified. The explanatory variables, milestones and reference points when the model is run will be different at other institutions but the approach may be generalised to distance learning institutions and, more broadly, to any HE institution. Institutions, and especially distance education institutions which do not have the advantages of frequently seeing students, need to make full use of any recorded information they hold to try and identify students who are, or become, at potential risk of leaving. The importance of different factors, at different milestones, may help tailor student support to individual students and therefore improve low retention in open access distance education.     

Student satisfaction with short learning programmes at a distance learning institution

Abstract

The relevance of short learning programmes as an alternative to full time tertiary degree courses at open and distance learning institutions forms the primary focus of this article. A new kind of student is on the increase in higher education: the mature student who prefers to study part-time in order to combine his or her studies with the advancement of his or her professional life. This kind of student is often interested in short duration, non-degree courses, such as short learning programmes, which have a high degree of specificity in order to update or expand the knowledge needed to enhance their occupational lives. Course applicability and effectiveness, evaluated as student satisfaction with these programmes, are vital in terms of the strategic planning of institutions. This article reports on an analysis of the dimensions that determine satisfaction with short learning programmes at a distance learning institution. Data was obtained by an electronic survey of students who had completed short learning programmes. Findings indicate that teaching staff, teaching methods and course administration are key elements to achieving satisfaction, and students’ loyalty to the institution is expressed in their intention to continue with their studies and to recommend the programmes to other prospective students.     

远程开放教育学习资源师生共建模式构想

远程开放教育作为一种新型的教育形式,能够在信息技术的基础上结合现代的教育技术来构建的教学模式。在这种教育模式中,教师与学生需要在协作的前提下共同对系统性的学习资源以及模式进行探究。大多数学校的远程开放教育资源都依靠教师方来提供,而学生没有意识主动参与学习资源的建设当中,一直以来都是被动接受资源,或获取资源。那么,实施远程开放教育学习资源师生共建,首先要做的就是引导学生加入学习资源建设进程。     

Student perceptions of support services and the influence of targeted interventions on retention in distance education

To improve student retention in distance education, Simpson suggested in 2003 that institutions analyse their own retention characteristics and ‘spot the leaks.’ In 2008 the Centre for Distance Learning at Laidlaw College, New Zealand, employed two part‐time academic support coordinators in an effort to improve student retention and success. This study compares the retention statistics for first‐time student outcomes across two semesters, one without and one with specific course retention interventions. Results are benchmarked across national data. Interviews with students who were retained revealed that students frequently attribute their success to their own efforts. Student support services in distance education might therefore be perceived by its beneficiaries as a ‘hygiene’ factor (Herzberg, 1968, 2008) in that their presence is not generally appreciated by students. However, their absence is noticed. The similarity of this finding with Shin’s institutional transactional presence (2002, 2003) is also explored.     

Retention,persistence and success in on‐campus higher education,and their enhancement in open and distance learning

Terms such as retention and persistence reflect the interests of different parties. Much of the empirical and theoretical literature deals with retention from a ‘supply‐side’ perspective. This article has three main sections. The first consists of a summary of recent empirical findings from surveys of students who left their on‐campus programmes prematurely. The second section, which discusses a range of theoretical formulations, begins to shift the thrust of the article from on‐campus programmes towards open and distance learning. The third considers some implications for persistence in open and distance learning that follow from the preceding two main sections. The article concludes by stressing the importance of the student experience.     

Understanding persistence in adult learning

The paper summarizes recent data on the retention and non‐completion patterns of adult students, especially those over the age of 25 who have had a gap since completing full‐time education. While data on further and higher education suggest that older learners are less likely than younger ones to complete longer, qualification‐bearing programmes, central statistics do not distinguish between students in their early‐to‐mid 20s, many of whom still have much in common with those in their late teens, and those in their 30s, 40s and 50s whose lifestyles, learning goals and aspirations are often qualitatively different.

The section on retention data is followed by a summary of the reasons for not completing courses commonly cited by adults learning in conventional education settings, and reflection on whether these are significantly different from those cited by younger students and students in open or distance learning programmes. The paper ends with a summary of the kind of factors that might increase adult retention rates in both kinds of learning programme.

For the purposes of this paper, ‘adults’ are defined as those over the age of 25 who have had a gap since completing full‐time education.     

A review of the role of national policy and institutional mission in European distance teaching universities with respect to widening participation in higher education study through open educational resources

The open educational resources (OER) movement is relatively new with few higher education institutions (HEIs) publishing or using them, and even fewer using them to widen engagement or participation in HE study. Although distance teaching universities have been in the vanguard of widening opportunities for HE study, they vary in how far they are doing so. Some use this informal learning through studying OER as a bridge to formal learning; others see it as an end in itself, often as part of a wider set of lifelong learning activities. Initial experiences of some European distance teaching universities indicate that OER are fine for confident and experienced learners but most people will require other support mechanisms to achieve participation. More effort may be needed to design and present OER in ways that are suited to the learners to support their learning, including developing new ways to recognize achievements through open study.     

The Development of Distance Learning Delivery Systems

The history of distance learning, traditionally a peripheral university activity, is briefly traced. The advent, first of the British Open University with its renovated philosophy of distance learning, and then of the new information and communication technologies and their application to distance education, has led to a revalorization of open and distance education. These technologies are rapidly blurring the distinction between traditional higher education and distance learning. Various techniques of distance learning are described, particularly the electronic classroom and the electronic library. These techniques, based as they are on text transmission, stand to improve the reading comprehension and writing skills of students even as they make radical changes in the positions, relative to one another, of students and teachers. At the same time, the ease of electronic writing may lead to a decrease in required intellectual rigour, chat rooms producing chatter rather than serious ideas. Also, the economies of scale available via the information and communication technologies may lead to serious cut‐backs in traditional higher education provision.     

网络环境下的成人契约学习

在建设开放大学的背景下,远程教育发展趋势从“供给驱动式”转变为“需求驱动式”教育,远程教育机构要积极寻求能够把师生凝聚到一起交流学习的方法。网络环境下的契约学习以学生为中心,以尊重学生学习个性发展为理念,以学习契约的形式促使师生各自履行自己的责任。立足于终身学习的愿景设计“教”与“学”,契约式学习有利于培养学习者的学习责任感,学习责任感驱动着学习者以积极的行为履行学习责任。     

基于远程学习者模型的差异化教学目标设计

我国远程开放教育生源复杂,对远程学习者进行分类培养是远程教育的现实需求。然而,当前远程教育教学大都对所有学习者提供完全相同的目标和条件支持,忽略了学习者特征和需求的差异,不利于因材施教及提升远程教育效果。如何为充满差异的远程学习者提供符合学习者特征的、促进学生个性化发展的差异化教学是当前远程开放教育领域的重要研究课题。教学目标对教学过程起着导向作用,其分析与设计是教学工作的起点,差异化的教学目标设计是远程开放教育实施差异化教学的首要工作。教学目标的差异化维度包括目标起点、目标终点、目标容量以及目标程度四个维度;远程学习者的初始水平、学习投入、学习能力是影响教学目标差异化的关键特征。在进行差异化教学目标设计过程中,首先要对教学目标进行精细化分析,然后基于学习者关键特征收集学习者信息,最后在完成二者的基础上,通过设定最低目标以及建立学习者特征与差异化教学目标对应关系的方法来生成差异化的教学目标。