Expert novice similarities and instruction using analogies

Evidence is presented indicating that spontaneously generated analogies can play a significant role in expert problem solving. Since not all analogies are valid, it is important for the subject to have a way to evaluate their validity. In particular, this paper focuses on an evaluation strategy called bridging that has been observed in solutions to both science and mathematics problems. Spontaneous analogies have also been documented in the problem solving of students. The shared natural use of analogies for unfamiliar problems is an expert‐novice similarity.

Some of the strategies observed in experts were incorporated in a teaching technique for dealing with students’ preconceptions in mechanics. Students taught via these units achieved large gain differences over control groups. Thus non‐deductive reasoning strategies used by experts can give us valuable clues concerning instructional strategies for science students. This complements the prior focus in the literature on expert novice differences with a focus on expert novice similarities.     

Expert versus novice users: Power rules in virtual space

This study sought knowledge of the decision-making used by learners when interacting with multi-media environments. Mounting evidence on related thinking processes appeared to expose a gap in the prior knowledge, vocabularies and values used when entering cyberspace. We were curious to know about the decision making judgements made by learners and any associated rules or strategies they had developed to interact with new and emerging information technology environments. How decisions are undertaken are considered major issues for educational institutions at local, national and global levels with ramifications for civic and community life. In a sample drawn from a senior high school and university we investigated students’ responses to different questions including: What ways of knowing are used by learners? What codes of behaviour apply? Are they age and gender related? The responses provide a rich and fascinating insight to the ways in which people are interacting with the new media environments. ‘Experts’ versus ‘novices’ appeared to provide the major distinction.     

Expert versus novice users: Power rules in virtual space

This study sought knowledge of the decision-making used by learners when interacting with multi-media environments. Mounting evidence on related thinking processes appeared to expose a gap in the prior knowledge, vocabularies and values used when entering cyberspace. We were curious to know about the decision making judgements made by learners and any associated rules or strategies they had developed to interact with new and emerging information technology environments. How decisions are undertaken are considered major issues for educational institutions at local, national and global levels with ramifications for civic and community life. In a sample drawn from a senior high school and university we investigated students’ responses to different questions including: What ways of knowing are used by learners? What codes of behaviour apply? Are they age and gender related? The responses provide a rich and fascinating insight to the ways in which people are interacting with the new media environments. ‘Experts’ versus ‘novices’ appeared to provide the major distinction.     

Application of genetics knowledge to the solution of pedigree problems

This paper reports on a study of undergraduate genetics students' conceptual and procedural knowledge and how that knowledge influences students' success in pedigree problem solving. Findings indicate that many students lack the knowledge needed to test hypotheses relating to X-linked modes of inheritance using either patterns of inheritance or genotypes. Case study data illustrate how these knowledge deficiencies acted as an impediment to correct and conclusive solutions of pedigree problems. Specializations: problem solving, laboratory work, conceptual change, science teacher education.     

遗传系谱图识别能力体系的建构

遗传系谱图的识别是高中生物学教学的难点之一。为了攻克这个堡垒，有人整理出了检索表，也有人编制了一个又一个口诀，真是煞费苦心。     

英语微格教学的问题与对策研究

本研究借助问卷调查、个人访谈和课堂观察等研究方法客观分析归纳了当前英语师范生微格教学中存在的一系列问题,并针对性地提出了解决策略,以期更好地发挥微格教学在英语师范生教学技能培养中的作用。     

Selecting solutions for complex problems

The solution variable analysis tool and decision variable analysis tool have universal application to systematically evaluate and recommend solutions to clients. These tools provide a structured process for analyzing identified solutions to root causes; identifying pros and cons of proposed solutions; determining solutions that can address multiple root causes; weighing cost, quality, and timeliness of proposed solutions; and identifying solutions in a cost‐effective and timely manner.     

当代大学生心理健康问题与解决办法

当代大学生的心理健康问题不仅受到了教育工作者的重视，也引起了医疗正作者的关注。本文从医学心理学的角度探讨了大学生常见的心理健康问题并进行了相关剖析，指出了预防和解决这些问题的主要途径。     

略论我国司法解释的问题及对策

司法解释对于弥补法律规范本身存在的缺漏 ,保证法律的正确实施 ,具有重要的作用。目前我国法律实践中的司法解释还存在不少问题 ;对法律的实施产生了消极影响 ,只有采取针对性的措施解决这些问题 ,才能提高司法解释的质量 ,保证法律实施的准确和公正     

关于大学本科毕业设计的问题及对策

毕业设计是一项时间跨度长、涉及知识面广的实践教学环节。笔者结合新乡医学院2006级生物医学工程本科专业毕业设计实践,发现在毕业设计的目的、选题和设计过程中存在问题,并提出解决问题的对策,为今后的毕业设计工作提供一些参考。     

探讨高等音乐院校招生存在的问题和解决方案

高等音乐院校的招生工作已经取得了一定的成绩,但是随着招生规模的不断扩大,一些问题也显现了出来,比如招生宣传和指导工作不到位,招考过程中的各项服务不够完善,以及招生管理队伍水平不高等。我们应该正视这些问题,积极通过各种渠道和媒介,搞好招生宣传和咨询指导工作,完善招生与学生入学服务及帮扶体系,实现人本管理,建设高水平招生管理团队。     

公路工程试验检测常见问题及解决

在经济发展的推动下,我国已经建立了相对较为完善的交通运输事业,形成了以公路和铁路运输为主,其他运输方式为辅的综合性运输模式。公路作为我国交通运输体系的关键组成部分,以其独特、灵活的特点被广泛的应用于实际的运输过程,在环节交通运输压力等方面发挥了巨大的作用。随着我国公路运输量的增加,越来越多的公路建设工程计划筹建,为了保证公路工程建设和使用的安全性,必须要对公路工程进行必要的试验检测。但是在实际的检测过程中,受外界各种因素的干扰,公路工程试验存在有一些缺陷。本文从公路运输的重要地位入手,分析进行公路工程试验检测的必要性和重要性,进而对在公路试验检验中出现的几种常见问题进行详细介绍,并在此基础上提出相应的解决策略。     

当代大学生生命教育存在问题及其对策研究

生命教育就是以生命为核心,以教育为媒介,以增强学生自我保护能力、享受生命过程、体验生命意义,从而获得生命价值、提升生命质量、促进人的全面发展。目前,我国高校生命教育存在课程建设滞后、校园文化活动缺乏对生命教育的引导、缺乏社会实践环节等问题。因此,高校应通过开设生命教育课程,进行渗透式教育;加强校园文化活动建设,创造人文情怀的校园文化;开展社会实践活动,体验生命的价值等措施破解生命教育存在的突出问题。     

电容传感器在使用中存在的几个问题及处理方法

电容传感器在自动检测过程中应用非常广泛,它具有高阻抗、小功率、动态响应快等优点.但在使用过程中也存在一些问题.本文论述了这种传感器在使用过程中的一些问题,并提出了解决办法.     

论残疾人心理服务存在的问题及对策

残疾人心理服务是残疾人服务体系中重要的内容,残疾人心理健康是残疾人真正回归社会和融入社会的表现。但残疾人心理服务存在着不少不能适应残疾人事业发展和残疾人需要的问题,本文对这些问题进行了分析,并从服务意识、服务机构建立、服务人员素质和制度机制等方面提出了相应的对策。     

当前图书馆改革的难点问题和对策

近十年来,图书馆改革虽然给图书馆带来不少生机和活力。深化图书馆改革需要进一步解决“五个不适应”,做到“五个新突破”,从而推动图书馆改革完成自身发展过程中的阶段性嬗变。