Policy and practice in deaf education: views and experiences of teachers,and of young people who are deaf in Northern Ireland and Sweden

Due to the fact that the outcomes of education for most school leavers who are deaf in Northern Ireland are weak literacy skills and below average reading ages, a study was undertaken to investigate this situation. The views and experiences of teachers of children who are deaf, and of young people who are deaf in Northern Ireland, where oral and total communication forms of instruction are employed in their education were compared with those of Sweden where a sign bilingual is used in education, in the context of current policy and practice. The aim of the study was to find out if there are elements of Swedish policy and practice that could help resolve the situation for Northern Irish learners who are deaf. A qualitative approach was adopted via interviews with teachers of deaf and young people who were deaf in both countries. Findings are reported in relation to policy and practice in education, attitudes to deafness, status of sign language and other factors.     

Deaf and hearing partnerships: ethical and communication considerations

With few exceptions, a hearing perspective controls the direction of deaf education nationally and internationally. People who are hearing have a powerful influence over decisions that affect legislation, policies, professional organizations, research agendas, and curricular decisions related to deaf education. Although this situation is changing in some arenas, people who are deaf often have relatively less influence than their hearing counterparts in shaping the educational agenda. The authors, one deaf and one hearing, relate their views on the challenge of changing this imbalance of power and discuss their personal experiences as friends and professional collaborators as they offer strategies for creating and nurturing partnerships between people who are deaf and people who are hearing.     

Considerations, conceptualizations, and challenges in the study of concomitant learning disabilities among children and adolescents who are deaf or hard of hearing

In recent years, there has been increasing concern about the identification of and provision of appropriate services to children and adolescents who are deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) and who have concomitant learning disabilities (LD). Although it is unclear just how many youths who are D/HH also might have educationally significant learning problems, results from limited survey research and clinical practice provide evidence that such a group exists and that a significant portion of the school-age population of children and adolescents who are D/HH comprise a subgroup of youths who have concomitant LD. The overriding interest of those who advocate the cause of children and adolescents who are D/HH with concomitant LD is in finding effective ways to help these youths acquire future academic competence and attain competent levels of psychosocial functioning and emotional well-being. With creative research efforts and efficacious approaches to psychoeducational practice, we can seize the opportunity to establish high-quality diagnostic and educational services for children and adolescents who are D/HH and who have accompanying LD and set the stage to optimize positive developmental, academic, vocational, social, and economic outcomes for these youths.     

论思想道德教育的过程

思想道德教育过程既是对受教育者施加影响的过程，也是受教育者接受影响的过程，更是受教育者内部矛盾运动、内部道德环境形成的过程。     

Assessing the employment and independence of people who are deaf and low functioning

There is much variation in functional level among people who are deaf and low functioning. The present study focused on the work and independent living status of people who are deaf and have varying levels of low functioning. Each study participant attended a comprehensive rehabilitation facility. Information was collected through personal interviews. Not all interviewees were employed at the time of the interview, but the majority lived on their own. Those interviewees who worked were, on the whole, happy with their jobs. Workplace accommodations were virtually nonexistent, while home accommodations included television closed captioning, TTYs, and alarm clocks with visual or vibrating signals. Suggestions and guidelines are given on areas in which people who are deaf and low functioning may need services beyond job placement.     

郴州市大专学生体育锻炼行为阶段性调查研究

运用“阶段性行为改变模式”的理论 ,对郴州市四所大专学校学生的体育锻炼行为的阶段性特点进行了调查研究 .研究结果表明 ,大学生完全不参加体育锻炼者占调查人数的 34 .2 0 % ;有体育锻炼习惯者仅占 2 0 .94% ;有时参加体育锻炼 ,但没有养成习惯者占 44 .84% .郴州市大专学生的体育锻炼行为具有阶段性动力特征 ,并且有随着年级的增长不参加体育锻炼的人数逐渐增加     

Child refugees,trauma and education: interactionist considerations on social and emotional needs and development

This paper focuses on the social and emotional needs of children and young people who are refugees. It was inspired by casework undertaken by the author involving a 13‐year‐old boy who was a refugee from Montenegro. A vignette of the case is presented in addition to a review of relevant literature to illustrate and discuss the various sources of trauma experienced by children and young people who are refugees, and the potential impact of these on psychological functioning and emotional wellbeing. Child refugees’ experiences of trauma are seldom restricted to experiences of loss, violence or persecution in their country of origin. Rather, there are multiple experiences in the country of origin, during migration and on arrival in a country of “refuge” that are potentially traumatic, and can have adverse effects on a child or young person’s development. Drawing on research with children and adults who are refugees, as well as research into post‐traumatic stress disorder and into the educational effects of trauma, the paper advocates interactionist and ecosystemic perspectives for understanding the difficulties encountered by refugee children, and considers possibilities for therapeutic intervention.     

Transition for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students: A Blueprint for Change

The large and growing number of deaf and hard-of-hearing adults who are "low-functioning deaf" (LFD), the unmet needs of many young people who are deaf or hard of hearing, and the continuing high rates of dropping out argue for a change in secondary programming for multiply disabled deaf and hard-of-hearing students and for others who are at risk of becoming LFD as adults. The LFD designation refers to youth and adults who read at very low levels, whether or not they have a second disability in addition to hearing impairment. This article reviews research related to transition for adolescents with disabilities as well as those who are deaf or hard of hearing. It then offers a case for change, one that, for the United States, represents a poignant return to a time past.     

大学新生心理健康与个性状况调查

采用SCL-90、EPQ及自编的人生态度问卷对1044名大学新生进行调查，结果表明：有7．0％的新生存在各种明显的心理健康问题，主要症状表现为强迫症状、人际敏感关系和抑郁；男生与女生在心理健康和个性方面存在不同程度的差异；可以把有心理问题的学生区分为高危一不成熟型和普通一不成熟型两大类。     

高中择校学生心理健康状况与择校效果的研究

调查显示:自信心最弱的学生较多分布于择校生中,自信心最强的学生全部集中于录取生,但焦虑水平两者并无明显差异;在教学条件较好的示范中学借读的中考分较高的择校生,其高考成绩优于留在原校就读的相同中考分的录取生;中考分太低的择校生,其高考成绩低于中考同分数段的录取生,即择校对他们的学习基本无效。     

Peer Acceptance and Social Adjustment in Preschool and Kindergarten

Research on the relation between social behavior and peer acceptance in preschool children and the long-term consequences of peer acceptance or rejection is reviewed. Preschool children who exhibit aggressive behavior tend to be rejected by peers at an early age and these first impressions have a lasting effect on peer acceptance, in spite of subsequent changes in the child's behavior. Social behaviors that are related to peer popularity vary by age and sex. Children who experience high levels of peer acceptance in preschool and who have friends entering kindergarten with them make a better adjustment to school. Recommendations for fostering social development in preschoolers are discussed.     

Preparing today's teachers of the deaf and hard of hearing to work with tomorrow's students: a statewide needs assessment

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is explicit in its mandate that students who receive special education services have opportunities to be involved in and progress in the general education curriculum. Teachers providing instruction to students who are deaf or hard of hearing are expected to comply with this federal mandate. To determine if teachers of students who are deaf or hard of hearing throughout the state of Georgia felt adequately prepared to educate this population, a statewide needs assessment survey was conducted. Questionnaires were reviewed from 110 experienced teachers of students who are deaf or hard of hearing. More that half of the teachers who responded judged their teacher preparation program to be appropriate. Specific suggestions for modifications to teacher preparation programs are provided.     

Discussions on Petty Bourgeois and Angry Youth

This article features an extensive debate in a social science forum on the differences between Petty Bourgeois and Angry Youth, who are contrasted as two opposite types, roughly corresponding to those who pursue personal material benefits and those who pursue nationalistic aims in defense of China's rise.     

交换问题法与学生数学创新能力的相关性分析

本文根据斯腾博格的智力三元论,将学生分为三类:喜好分析性思维的学生,喜好创造性思维的学生和喜好实用性思维的学生。他们在分析问题和解决问题方面所表现出的创新能力各具特色。根据这一现象,结合学生数学创新能力的相关指标,提出了交换问题法这一策略。将学生按思维类型先后分为异质问题组,同质问题组、回归问题组,使学生在各组中相互取长补短,培养数学创新能力。     

论社会主义荣辱观的内在逻辑

社会主义荣辱观是一个科学体系,是目标方法态度的统一。＂以热爱祖国为荣、以危害祖国为耻＂是社会主义荣辱观的根本、前提和基础,＂以服务人民为荣、以背离人民为耻＂是社会主义荣辱观的核心和本质,二者是目标与核心。＂以崇尚科学为荣、以愚昧无知为耻,以辛勤劳动为荣、以好逸恶劳为耻＂是方法与途径。＂以团结互助为荣、以损人利己为耻,以诚实守信为荣、以见利忘义为耻,以遵纪守法为荣、以违法乱纪为耻,以艰苦奋斗为荣、以骄奢淫逸为耻＂是基本精神需要。其具体内容之间是相互依存,相互渗透,互为前提,缺一不可的。     

College Match and Undermatch: Assessing Student Preferences,College Proximity,and Inequality in Post-College Outcomes

Recently, multiple studies have focused on the phenomenon of “undermatching”—when students attend a college for which they are overqualified, as measured by test scores and grades. The extant literature suggests that students who undermatch fail to maximize their potential. However, gaps remain in our knowledge about how student preferences—such as a desire to attend college close to home—influence differential rates of undermatching. Moreover, previous research has not directly tested whether and to what extent students who undermatch experience more negative post-college outcomes than otherwise similar students who attend “match” colleges. Using ELS:2002, we find that student preferences for low-cost, nearby colleges, particularly among low-income students, are associated with higher rates of undermatching even among students who are qualified to attend a “very selective” institution. However, this relationship is weakened when students live within 50 miles of a match college, demonstrating that proximity matters. Our results show that attending a selective postsecondary institution does influence post-college employment and earnings, with less positive results for students who undermatch as compared with peers who do not. Our findings demonstrate the importance of non-academic factors in shaping college decisions and post-college outcomes, particularly for low-income students.     

村级人民调解员的选任和培训

《:人民调解法》规定,农村人民调解委员会由委员3至9人组成,委员由村民会议推选产生,并对人民调解员的监督、培训与罢免等作出了规定。农村人民调解委员会能否发挥"解决民间纠纷、维护社会和谐稳定"的作用,全赖于有没有一支公道正派、热心人民调解工作,并具有一定法律知识的人民调解员。因此,村级人民调解员的选任和培训工作,成为农村人民调解制度的关键。     

Actors and act-ers: Enhancing inclusion and diversity in teaching and teacher education through the validation of quiet teaching

We find that Teacher Education attracts, in addition to those outgoing students who are at ease in front of a group of people, a number of student teachers who are often quiet, reserved, shy, or not at all comfortable being the center of attention. Many times these aspiring teachers have gifts and talents that are not readily apparent, yet comparable to their more outgoing peers. Often, they are caring, passionate, and reflective.     

农林高校欠费大学生思想政治工作初探

随着高校办学规模的扩大．学生欠缴学费问题已严重影响到学校的正常发展。如何加强欠费大学生思想政治工作,是当前高校学生思想政治工作中的重要内容,也是当前高校思想工作迫切需要解决的一个新课题。本文从目前高校大学生欠费思想状况,试分析其产生的原因,提出解决问题的对策。