二语习得中的有意学得与无意习得

在诸多的二语习得理论中,环境论、注意论和监控论都突出了有意学得与无意习得在二语习得过程中的重要作用。那么,有意学得与无意习得具体的在二语习得中是如何表现出来的?就此问题以三种主要的二语习得理论为基础,应用大量的实际语言学习事实,展开对二语习得的有意学得和无意习得的研究分析。     

二语习得中的有意学得与无意习得

在诸多的二语习得理论中,环境论、注意论和监控论都突出了有意学得与无意习得在二语习得过程中的重要作用。那么,有意学得与无意习得具体的在二语习得中是如何表现出来的?就此问题以三种主要的二语习得理论为基础,应用大量的实际语言学习事实,展开对二语习得的有意学得和无意习得的研究分析。     

外语的学得与习得

该文以第二语言的学得与习得理论为基础,探讨了习得外语的途径。笔者认为:学习外语,在听和读、说和写的过程中,学习者把注意力集中在意思的理解和表达上,能够充分地利用无意识识记习得外语。     

第二语言习得与学得的特征及作用的辩证论析

克拉中的第二语言习得理论给语言教学带来一派生机，也引起不少争论。区分“习得”与“学得”，并研究它们的特征和作用是有意义的。“习得”与“学得”的关系是自然语境与教学语境、直接经验与间接经验、感性认识与理性认识、外因与内因、归纳与演绎之间的辩证关系。学习二语，需要“习得”与“学得”的二元视角并将两者相互整合，以求其相辅相成、相得益彰。     

语言习得与英语教学

现代语言学认为,语言虽可以学得(learning),但更主要是习得(acquisition)的。英语作为一种语言,它自身的特点也就决定了机械地教授和机械地学习英语不可取。英语教学应充分发挥学生的主观能动性,把教学重点从知识传授转向以发展学生的学习能力为主,让学生通过自身的习得,更积极地掌握英语。     

读写转化的关键:共生、习得、理解

符号语言学、语言习得假说和图式理论对阅读的机理有着部分的描述,深入剖析这三个理论有助于我们理解阅读向写作转化的机理.大量的自主性阅读、人文性阅读、主题性阅读是提高阅读效果的重要方式,阅读过程中的理解和建构是阅读向写作有效转化的关键所在.     

论克拉申的习得-学得假设的主体性评价

外语教学的最终结果体现在学习的主体上;外语教学理论研究必须重视学习的主体。文章通过对外语学习主体的综合分析,认为克拉中的“习得-学得假说”假定成人第二语言习得在方法上与儿童习得母语是一致的观点,过于简化了第二语言习得的过程,忽视了学习主体在外语学习中的主动性、积极性和创造性。正确认识克拉中的“习得-学得假说”对我国的外语教学与研究是大有裨益的。     

从学得、习得区分论谈外语教改的理想选择

从理论和实证两个层面对克拉申有关区分二语学得和习得的理论假设进行探讨,聚焦于三个方面:语言习得的本质,学得与习得的关系以及对“潜意识”的理解。然而习得的本质在于语言形式与其功能的融合;学得与习得应属于认知上的两个范畴,它们之间的界限是模糊的,不能生硬地完全分开;习得的“潜意识”现象是意识由语言形式向其功能迁移的结果。我国外语教学改革应该实事求是,需在“知识”和“运用”之间进行协调,两者兼顾是理想的选择,而适当运用“焦点式”任务型教学方式可帮助我们实现这一目标。     

浅析外语学习中的学得与习得

本文从理论和实践两方面对语言学得与习得机制进行了分析,指出了克拉申的二语习得理论在母语与外语学习中的差异,阐明了外语学习应坚持以外语是学得的,习得只起辅助作用的教学观点,并强调学得与习得的融合性。     

论二语习得理论在听力教学中的应用

二语习得的基础理论,包括习得与学得的相辅相成的关系、习得的主要途径和方法。将二语习得理论提炼加工成可供具体语言教学使用的方法,并运用于我国的外语教学中,为我国的外语教学提供了良好的习得环境,从而提高学习者学得外语的积极性和创造力,达到更好的学习效果。     

'Supposing': Reading between the Lines: an Allegorical Account of Contemporary Debates on Literacy Acquisition

Telling stories is a basic human activity. It enables us to organise, evaluate and transform what we see going on around us. It allows us to make sense of what is happening, to defy what is ephemeral in our experience. In short, it helps us to read the signs and between the lines. In the story that follows, we shall watch how Little Monster struggles with the apparently random and inexplicable and strives to make order out of chaos. He is fortunate to have a mother who regards story-telling as a significant determinant of his psycho-social well-being. Indeed, there are those who would argue that engaging in the construction of narrative is a precondition for literacy development, academic success and enhanced life chances. Our second story begins here, as we exploit the potential of narrative to function as a developmental turning-point in our understanding of contemporary debates on early literacy acquisition in the context of the National Evaluation of the Early Intervention Programme in Scotland.     

维吾尔族受众语言习得与媒介素养研究

以教育部课题调研数据为基础,旨在研究特定语言习得背景下新疆维吾尔族受众的媒介素养,分析其特点并在此基础上结合维吾尔语主流媒体资源优势对其发展提出了建议。     

The Web and Early Literacy

Abstract

The Web as an appropriate vehicle for educating young children in formal and informal school settings is the subject of widespread, international debate (Anderson, 2000; Attewell, Suazo-Gar-cia, & Battle, 2003; Davis & Shade, 1994; Dolowy, 2000; Filipenko & Rolfsen, 1999; Pendleton, 2001; Vail, 2001; Wardle, 1999). Regardless of these debates, however, the Web's use in early education continues to grow. This article describes current Web usage in early education, particularly literacy education, and suggests possibilities for the future.     

普通话动词重叠形式早期习得的过程与机制

基于纵向追踪获得的自然习得语料,本文考察了普通话儿童输出的动词重叠形式及其外部输入的情况,揭示了儿童早期习得动词重叠形式的发展进程与习得机制。研究发现,儿童早期动词习得是基于规则的;同时,外部输入能为早期动词习得提供动词重叠方式等句法特征。     

浅议高校采访馆员的素养

采访馆员的素养高低直接影响着资源建设质量.从采访馆员的任职资格、专业素养、必备技能、文化修养等方面入手,讨论了采访馆员的个人修养,并提出了提升采访馆员素养的途径与方法.     

Building a Literacy Community: The Role of Literacy and Social Practice in Early Childhood Programs

This article reports findings from two qualitatively based studies, one conducted at an urban preschool in Northern California and the other at a rural Head Start Center in the Midwest. By presenting detailed data from the two preschool sites, the article describes several ways to strengthen existing literacy practices for children, families, and teachers in both urban and rural early childhood settings. The studies focus on such critical aspects of child and family literacy development as ownership and inclusion, raising important issues for practice and policy in early childhood literacy and language education.     

幼儿早期识字教育研究

对于是否应该对幼儿进行识字教育,从20世纪初开始就是教育界争论的热点话题,至今没有人能给出一个明确的定论。笔者认为,婴幼儿时期是识字的关键期,幼儿大脑皮层已经具有了分析、综合能力以及幼儿识字所需具备的认知结构基础,在幼儿期可以开展识字教育。早期识字是早期阅读的重要内容,而识字教育本身就是一项全面而优越的智力活动,早期识字教育的实施可以促进幼儿智力的发展和大脑发育,激发幼儿学习汉字的兴趣,为幼儿的全面发展甚至幼儿的一生奠定良好基础。在实施过程中,教育者应该以幼儿的识字特点与认知规律为基础,采用游戏法、情景法,并在主题活动和创意阅读中进行渗透,对幼儿进行识字教育,促进幼儿的发展与提高。     

幼儿早期母语和二语语音发展

幼儿早期(1岁～3岁)语言习得最重要的方面是语音的习得,语音习得的丰富性,一定程度上代表幼儿语言习得能力的强弱。从语言习得关键期的理论以及幼儿生理心理和大脑神经的发育特点,阐明幼儿早期开展双语语音习得的重要性,并对幼儿早期如何进行双语语音习得提出见解。     

Effectiveness of Large-Scale,State-Sponsored Language and Literacy Professional Development on Early Childhood Educator Outcomes

The current study investigated the effectiveness of large-scale, state-sponsored language and literacy professional development (PD) intended to improve early childhood educators' knowledge, beliefs, and practices. PD was offered in a real-world context and delivered at-scale across the state, implemented by an independent contractor. Educators (n = 535) were randomly assigned to participate in one of three types of PD: 30 hrs of language and literacy PD presented in a workshop format, 30 hrs of language and literacy PD plus monthly coaching, or PD on alternative topics (comparison). Baseline and outcome measures were collected by an independent research team to determine PD effectiveness. Growth curve analyses showed little change in educator outcomes over an 18-month period, with no differences among conditions or evidence of moderation by educator or classroom characteristics. Explanations for lack of PD impacts and the importance of evaluating educational investments are discussed.     

浅谈二语习得年龄因素

在二语习得研究领域,年龄因素一直是语言学家们关注的焦点.本文首先介绍了年龄与二语习得关系研究的现状,然后分析和论述了儿童与成人的二语习得比较研究,并结合学习语言的实际情况阐述了年龄因素对外语教学实践带来的一些启示.