云南杓兰属一新种

Cypripedium  daliense  S. C. Chen et  J.  L.  Wu,  a  new  Species  ofOrchidaceae is described with illustrations.     

暖地杓兰——与碗兰属有密切关系的新种

Cypripedium subtropicum S.  C. Chen et K. Y. Lang is a phytogeography- cally significant new species with its habit, inflorescence and column very similar to those of Selenipedilum of tropical America.  It is found in Mêdog of southeastern Xi- zang, China.  Its slender leafy stem bears at the summit a many-flowered raceme, am- ounting to 1.5 m in height. Although its ovary is unilocular—this is the reason why we place it in Cypripedium, the column characters resemble those of Selenipedilum. For example, the staminode is rather small and its long stalk is very similar in texture and color to the filament of the fertile stamens. Obviously, it is a primitive new species re- lated to Selenipedilum based on the similarities mentioned above.       In the subfamily Cypripedioideae, as generally recognized, Selenipedilum is  the most primitive genus, from which or whose allies Cypripedium is derived.  Of phyto- geographical significance is the fact that Selenipedilum occurs in Central America and northern South America, while a cypripedium akin to it is discontinuously distributed in subtropical Asia.  This suggests that Selenipedilum or Selenipedilum-like  form be once continually distributed in North America and eastern Asia when the climate there was warmer, as it is in the subtropics today.  The floristic relationship between Central America and subtropical Asia appears to be closer than expected, as shown by the dis- tribution patterns of Tropidia, Erythrodes, etc.  Based on the occurrence of all six sec- tions and particularly the most primitive form in eastern Asia, Cypripedium seems to be of Asian, rather than Central American, origin.  Selenipedilum possesses some very primitive characters, such as trilocular ovary, vanilla-scented fruit, seed with sclerotic testa, simple column and more or less suffrutescent habit.  The latter is considered by Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) to be one of ancestral characters of monocotyledons, which is now very rare not only in Orchidaceae but also in all monocotyledons.  It is indeed necessary to make further investigations on Selenipedilum and also the new species pub-lished here, as well as a detailed comparison between them.     

麻栗坡兜兰——兜兰属与杓兰属的一个中间类型，兼论兜兰属的地理起源问题

Paphiopedilum malipoense S. C. Chen et Tsi is a very interesting new species with its flower similar to that of Cypripedium, especially section Cypripedium.  It belongs to subgenus Brachypetalum, the most primitive group of Paphiopedilum, but differs from its allied species in hgniva elliptic-lanceolate sepal with cuspidately acuminate apex, rather narrow petals and horizontal lip, which are of common occurrence in many cypripediums, but very rare in paphiopedilums.  Apparently, this is an intermediate form, or a link, between Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium, but it does not seem to arise from hybridization between them, because no Cypripedium has been found wherever Paphiopedilum occurs.       The new species is distributed in southeastern Yunnan of China. In this area, as well as in river valleys of western Yunnan or the Hengduan Mountains, there have been four species of the same genus reported before. As we know, the Hengduan Mountains and their adjacent areas are rich in Cypripedium.  The differentiation of the genus there is remarka- ble.  All five sections it contains occur there and three of them are quite distinctive.  For example, the general appearance of the section Bracleosa is dissimilar to that of any other cypripediums, but closely resembles that of Listera.  It appears that the difference between sect.  Bracteosa of Cypripedium and sect.  Brachypetalum of Paphiopedilum is not neces- sarily wider than that between sect. Bracteosa and sect. Cypripedium of the same genus. Apparently, it is reasonable to consider Paphiopedilum to be an evolutional branch of Cy- pripedium extending into tropical area, with its primitive group (subgenus Brachypetalum) still remaining in its northern fringe area.  This primitive subgenus has eight species, dis- tributed from western Yunnan to the Malay Peninsula.  Five of them, including the inter- mediate and primitive form published here, are found in the hilly land of southeastern Yun- nan and the river valleys of western Yunnan.  All these facts suggest its area of origin: the river valleys of the Hengduan Mountains and the lower hilly land contiguous to the southof them.     

广西、甘肃轮藻属新植物

In order to get a thorough understanding of the Characeae, the specime- ns collected from Guangxi and Gansu were identified.  The result shows  that  the two provinces, especially Guangxi, are abundant in this family.  In this paper,  ho- wever, reported are only new species, new varieties and new records of Chara in China. They are Chara vernicosa sp. nov. C. globularis var. inflata var. nov. and C. howe-ana var. subgymnophylla var. nov., C. brionica stapf and C. calveraensis comb. nov.     

中国红豆属的研究(续)

The first classification for the genus Ormosia was proposed by Bentham. It was followed by Taubert (1892) in Engler and Prantl’s Nat. Pflanzenf., who divided the genus into 2 sections.  On the basis of the pod structure and seed characters Prain (1900) arran- ged the genus in 2 sections with 4 subsections.  In the monograph on the genus Merrill and L. Chen ( 1943 ) limited their taxonomic study to Chinese and Indo-Chinese species, and recognized 34 species and 15 series.  Recently Yakovlev (1971-1976) has treated the ge- nus in 6 separate genera.      In the present paper the author recognizes 35 species, of which 7 species and 2 varie- ties are new.  The Chinese species of the genus are grouped into 3 sections and 6 series inmy classification.     

阴山荠属的校订

The genus Yinshania was established by Ma Yu-chuan and Zhao Yi-zhi in 1979, when only one species, Y. albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao, was discribed from Nei Monggol.  In the present paper the genus Yinshania is revised and four new species, two new varieties and four new combinetions are reported.  There are so far eight species and two varieties in total in this genus.      Important morphological characters of the genus are analysed, which shows that the lateral nectariferous glands positioned at lateral base of the brevistamens are triangularovoid; there are dense minute pustules on the surface of valves, which is easily neglected because the pustules disap- pear or shrinked when dry; simple or furcate hairs are present in the most species, seldom absent; the shape of pollen grains is relatively steady, elliptic or long-elliptic, with the polar view trifid- circular, the equatorial view elliptic or long elliptic, the aperture 3-colpate, exine reticular.      The type of genus Yinshania is changed.  Cochlearia acutangula O. E. Schulz was published in 1929, but Y. albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao in 1979.  They are the same species and a new com- binetion, Y. acutangula (O. E. Schulz) Y. H. Zhang, is made. Thus, the type of genus Yin- shania should be changed to Y. acutangula (O. E. Schulz) Y. H. Zhang.      Besides, He Ye-qi 6121 (paratype, PE), which is different from Y. acutangula var. albif- lora, is separated from it and transferred the typical variety, Y. acutangula.      According to the characters of fruit shape the genus Yinshania is divided into two sections, namely, Sect.  Microcarpa and Sect. Yinshania, and then Sect. Yinshania is subdivided into two series.      Sect. 1. Microcarpa. Silicles widely ovoid or subglobose, 1-2.2 mm long, 0.8-2.2 mm wide, the ratio of length and width about 1.1.      Sect. 2. Yinshania. Silicles oblong, oblong-ovoid or long-lanceolate, ellipsoidal, 1.5-4.5 mm long, 0.3-1.5 mm wide, the ratio of length and width about 2.5-3.3.      Ser. 1. Henryanae. Raches flexuose; plants densely  hairy; leaves  3-5-foliolate,  seldom pinnatipartite or pinnatisect.      Ser. 2. Yinshania. Raches non flexuose; plants sparsely hairy; leaves pinnatisect or pinna- tipartite.      The genus Yinshania is a genus endemic to China, with their range from eastern Xizang to western Hubei from northern Guizhou to central Nei Monggol.  The taxa are mostly of a small area.  Sect. Microcarpa is concentrated in Sichuan and southern Gansu;  Sect.  Yinshania is spread from Xizang and Sichuan, nouthwards to Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei and Nei Mong- gol (Ser. Yinshania); and from Sichuan south-eastwards to Guizhou and Hebei (Ser. Henrya- nae).  There are five species in Sichuan.  The present paper conjectures that the distribution centre of the genus is in the Hengduan Mountains and its adjacent areas.     

兜兰属宽瓣亚属（广义）的补充研究

 对新种小囊兜兰Paphiopedilum globulosum与新变种扁球兜兰P．micranthum var．oblatum作了描述与绘图。两者均为采自云南东南部的栽培植物，与硬叶兜兰P．micranthum近似。但小囊兜兰具有宽得多的叶(宽2．8～3．4cm)，先端多少呈钩状、宽1．1～1．2cm的唇瓣，以及与唇瓣囊口几乎同样大小的退化雄蕊，而扁球兜兰则叶宽2．2～3 cm，唇瓣扁球形，囊深不超过1 cm，可区别于硬叶兜兰。上述种类均属于宽瓣亚属(广义）。该亚属有16个种产中国、越南或两地共有。本文提供了分种检索表。