欧洲文化一体化理念与媒体实施困境——解析“泛欧电视频道”的发展之路

欧洲的一体化进程令人瞩目,但是作为一体化进程重要方面的文化一体 化却一直是“软肋”,本文阐述了以推进欧洲文化一体化的使命而出现的“泛欧电视频 道”(PETV)20年发展的历程,分析了其遇到的现实困境及其深刻原因,从而得出泛欧 电视频道本身无法担当起推进欧洲文化一体化重任的结论。     

Eastern European Studies: Social Sciences and Humanities Internet Resources for Students,Scholars, and General Readers

This article describes various Internet resources for Eastern European studies available to students, scholars, and general readers in the social sciences and humanities. These resources are a valuable source of general and scholarly information. The unprecedented growth of the Eastern European Internet resources allows users a glimpse into the rich cultural, linguistic, and historical diversity of the region.     

欧洲理事会与欧盟的广播电视政策法规

针对传播技术的进步、广播电视业经营与市场的变化 ,欧洲理事会与欧盟为规范欧洲范围内的广播电视 ,制定了一系列指导性法规文件 ,力图构建全欧统一的信息与思想交流平台、统一的广播电视业市场 ,推广“欧洲意识” ,抵制美国影视业的“入侵”。这种全方位的法规管理框架对欧洲广播电视业的发展起着越来越重要的作用     

欧盟公共部门信息增值利用的实践、效果及趋势

为了推动信息化进程,促进信息产业的快速发展,欧盟通过采取一系列的政策和措施来加快由公共部门信息获取向信息增值开发重心的转变。文章拟通过对欧盟公共部门信息增值开发具体实践、效果及趋势分析,然后结合我国目前自身发展的基本现状,提出相应的建议为实现信息增值开发实践提供参考。     

Information resources for competitive intelligence: An approach to the information available on the European Union's websites

Companies need to use information from multiple sources to improve their competitiveness. Since its beginnings in the 1950s, the European Union has developed a number of instruments for this purpose. This article gives an overview of the information resources that are most important for businesses and that originate from institutions and other bodies of the European Union. It is divided into five parts: European agencies; resources of the Directorate-General (DG) for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship, and SMEs; resources provided by other European Commission DGs & services; Points of Single Contact (PSCs) of the EUGO Network; and other support networks.     

欧盟推进信息资源公共获取的模式及其借鉴意义

文章探讨欧盟及其成员国推进信息资源公共获取的策略，包括公共部门信息资源公开与再利用政策、大力发展电子政务以及鼓励开放存取等措施，并探讨了对我国的借鉴意义。     

The MoU – Mouse or Momentous? An Update and Evaluation of the EC Memorandum of Understanding

Over 200 institutions have recently signed the European Commission's Multi-Media Access to Europe's Cultural Heritage: A Memorandum of Understanding and European Charter, an initiative launched by Directorate Generales (DG's), DG XIII (Telematics, Information Market and Exploitation of Research) and DG X (Information, Communication, Culture and Audio-Visual Media). This report summarises the goals of the Memorandum and offers thoughts on its implications and potential.     

A quantitative measure to compare the disciplinary profiles of research systems and their evolution over time

By modeling research systems as complex systems we generalize similarity measures used in the literature during the last two decades. We propose to use the mathematical tools developed within the spin-glasses literature to evaluate similarity within systems and between systems in a unified manner. Our measure is based on the ‘overlap’ of disciplinary profiles of a set of research systems and can readily be integrated in the framework of traditional bibliometric profile analysis. The investigation of the distribution of the overlaps provides useful insights on the dynamics of the general system, that is whether it converges toward a unique disciplinary structure or to a differentiated pattern.We illustrate the usefulness of the approach by investigating the dynamics of disciplinary profiles of European countries from 1996 to 2011. We analyze several bibliometric indicators (including publications and citations) of European countries in the 27 Scopus subject categories. We compare the disciplinary profiles of European countries (i) among them; (ii) with respect to the European standard; and (iii) to the World reference.We find that there is a convergence toward a unique European disciplinary profile of the scientific production even if large differences in the scientific profiles still remain. The investigation of the dynamics by year shows that developing countries are converging toward the European model while some developed countries are departing from it.     

Should next generation access networks fall within the scope of universal service? A European union perspective

In 2010 the European Commission (EC) undertook a review of its current Universal Service Obligation (USO) to discuss whether or not broadband should be included in it. In fact, convergence of telephony, internet and media, further market liberalization and rapid technological development in the broadband market challenge the traditional definition of USO and increasingly question its notion of a “basic set of communication services”, which does not include broadband. In this context, the paper looks at the origins, the theoretical arguments for, and the empirical basis of the USO in light of the ongoing debate in the EU, and links these arguments to technological developments and changing demand conditions in European broadband markets. The authors propose that the European Commission should include in its future USO regulation provisions for a wider set of services based on Next Generation Access (NGA) networks rooted in the EC's new regulatory approach. Even if these provisions have not been included in the new USO framework in November 2011 further discussions are needed to account for the new realities of broadband markets in the European Union.     

欧洲国家的图书馆政策研究

欧洲国家图书馆政策制定的形式包括图书馆立法、行政法规、行业发展规划、行业内部政策与规范。政策涉及的主要领域有公共图书馆设置标准、经费保障、图书馆服务、古籍保存、数字资源长期保存、开放存取、信息资源共建共享及其他与图书馆相关的呈缴本制度、版权政策等。欧洲图书馆政策的价值取向体现为保障公民平等自由获取信息的权利、完整保存本国的知识记录和文献资源、提升在信息领域的国家竞争力,以及促进信息资源的共建共享。表1。参考文献26。     

欧盟数字化长期保存研究态势分析

计算机技术和互联网的发展产生了大规模的数字化对象,如何长期保存这些大规模异质数字化资源,受到了欧盟国家的广泛关注。欧盟委员会每年投入大量经费资助国家级大型存储机构进行数字化长期保存研究。本文以欧盟委员会在第六和第七框架中资助的22项数字化长期保存项目为代表,从资源、研究重心、智能工具和方法等八个方面进行分析,揭示目前欧盟数字化长期保存研究的总体态势:资源类型增多且结构日趋复杂,研究重心从基础概念转向对智能工具方法以及语义技术的研究,从OAIS参考模型转向对工作流以及资源生命周期管理模型和框架的研究,测试平台涉及学科领域更为广泛,而且很多机构加大了对资源的审计研究。参考文献13。     

欧美医学图书馆资源建设的发展及其对我国的启示

本文通过追踪研究欧洲及美国大学医学图书馆科技文献的资源建设10年来的发展,以资对我国医学图书馆的建设有所借鉴,并结合我国大学医学图书馆的建设发展和应用实际,提出和探讨了对我国医学图书馆资源建设和发展的参考性建议。     

数据库特殊权利保护制度对欧盟的影响

欧盟1996年的《关于数据库法律保护的指令》已实施10余年,但并未如预期那样促进欧洲数据库产业快速发展,文章在对欧盟各成员国执行《关于数据库法律保护的指令》的情况进行介绍的基础上,详细揭示了它对欧洲数据库产业的影响。     

欧盟版权指令对数字保存的影响

版权制度是影响开展数字保存活动的一个重要因素。讨论了欧盟版权指令中复制权、公开传播提供权、例外与限制、技术保护措施等4个方面的规定对数字保存活动的影响。     

试析欧洲报业对文化多样性的保护

在当前报业激烈竞争的环境下,竞争结果往往是对报业及文化多样性的损害。欧洲报业却通过以下方式努力保持报业及文化的多样性:社会政策法规鼓励出版自由和表达自由,对垄断和媒介集中有相应的规范;VAT控制模式通过影响报纸的成本而促进报业的多种类存在;报纸资助制度则由国家对报纸进行资助,以保存传统文化及报纸种类的多元化。     

数字人文项目中档案数据开发工具及应用研究——以“欧洲时光机”为例

欧洲时光机是数字人文研究的典型项目,它充分运用档案数据来勾勒历史场景,还原了欧洲历史和文化源流。本研究采用案例分析法,对欧洲时光机项目展开调查,梳理其"孕育"和"成长"两个阶段的特征,揭示项目发展脉络。按照欧洲时光机的业务步骤,对档案数据收集、扫描识读、内容关联、分布存储、开发利用等环节进行工具技术分析。在实际项目开展中,除了对工具技术关注外,还应考虑项目应用场景、档案叙事功能和协同合作范畴,进而立体化实现档案资源价值。     

Digital Reference in Slavic and East European Studies with an Examination of Practice at the University of Illinois and the Library of Congress

SUMMARY

This article presents a survey of digital reference trends in the United States with an emphasis on services for Slavic and East European studies. It is based on the author's experience as a Slavic reference librarian at the University of Illinois (Slavic Reference Service) and the Library of Congress (European Division). Topics include the conflict between print and digital resources, coping with electronic serials, full-text databases and websites, digital communication tools such as e-mail, chat, and web forms, the proliferation of websites from Eastern Europe and the NIS, and opportunities for bibliographic instruction via the web. The article concludes with suggestions for keeping current and ideas for possible reference collaboration among Slavic and East European studies librarians.     

从欧洲联合图书馆模式试论网络时代图书馆的发展

以网络环境下欧洲图书馆的成功经验模式为起点,阐述了面临信息技术的高速发展,传统公共图书馆未来的发展趋势。     

From Shelf to Spotlight: Rediscovering Modernist Books From Eastern Europe at The New York Public Library

This essay contextualizes the overall development of eastern European resources at the Library, highlighting some of the personalities who have contributed to building this internationally significant research resource. The development of the Baltic, east‐central European, and southern Slavic collections of The New York Public Library has been a neglected area of the Library's history. Reciprocity with institutions in the Slavic and Eastern European homelands played a vital part in the growth of the Library's holdings of materials in their languages until the collapse of the Soviet bloc. Library materials were acquired through local dealers, as gifts, and on international exchanges, as well as through personal visits to the region by library staff. Modernist books were an important part of these acquisition efforts.     

Slavic and East European Web Catalogs as a Resource for Catalogers

ABSTRACT

Web catalogs of libraries in Slavic and East European countries are a useful resource for catalogers outside the region. The author gives some tips for using such catalogs and lists a few that she has found helpful.