A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Business Information Use

This paper attempts to make a comparison between a western culture, Canada, and an eastern culture, China, in the use of business information. As part of a larger project of measuring the impact of information on development, four surveys of the business communities in these two countries were conducted. Two of them were carried out in Shanghai, China, with one aimed at small business and the other at medium-sized business. The other two were conducted in Canada with the same coverage as the corresponding surveys in China. Data were collected on the use of various types of information sources in business operations. Results show that informal information sources are more important and better used than the formal ones in both cultures. However, business people's self-perception of their information use differs between the two cultures. Electronic information sources are currently poorly used in both countries.     

Primacy of Broadcast News: A Mediation Analysis of Recall,Attitudes, and Voting Intentions

This study examines how the order and proportion of scene valence within a television news story influence viewers' processing of political information. The results of the study, based on structural equation modeling and Sobel's mediation analysis, suggest that, in a news story about a political candidate, positive information on the candidate is recalled better if he or she is praised at the beginning of the story and then criticized at the end than if he or she is criticized first and praised later. In addition, there was a strong proportion effect. Stories with a high proportion of positive scenes were more likely to increase the participant's recall of positive information and induce his or her favorable attitudes and voting intentions than those with a low proportion of positive scenes.     

How can Journalists Promote News Credibility? Effects of Evidences on Trust and Credibility

ABSTRACT

With reference to the current debate about a loss of trust in news media, journalism experts in practice and research often demand that journalists should concentrate on enhancing the quality of their reporting and hence focus on facts and evidences. Building on research on trust and credibility, we investigate how the use of different forms of evidences affects the credibility and quality evaluation of news stories, as well as the reading experience from the audience’s perspective. We conducted an online experiment to detect the influence of the presence of scientific sources, statistical information, and their visualization in an online article. Our findings indicate that these evidences increase the perceived credibility. At the same time, we found that adding scientific sources, statistical data and, visualizations to an article does not lessen its reading enjoyment but improves its perceived vividness in the view of news users. Further results and implications are discussed.     

选择性注意对用户信任及行为倾向的影响：基于网上购物体验视角的实证研究

消费者对网站缺乏信任已经成为网上购物发展的一个主要障碍,如何采取有效措施建立消费者信任是当前亟需解决的问题。针对有网上购物经验消费者的实证数据分析,结果表明：消费者主观知识和建立在诚实、可预测与善意信息上的选择性注意对信任建立有显著效应;尽管能力对信任没有明显影响,但它对消费者的行为倾向有直接正效应。基于这些结论为购物网站实际运营提出建议。     

When Corporate Social Responsibility Messages Enter the News: Examining the Effects of CSR-Framed News on Product Purchasing Intentions and the Mediating Role of Company and Product Attitudes

Journalists are frequently reporting about new and innovative products in news articles. Oftentimes, journalists use specific company and product information provided by enterprises that highlight a corporation’s social responsibility (CSR) activities. Based on framing theory and theory of reasoned action, an experiment was conducted to examine how types of CSR-framed news (either highlighting ethical, ecological, or philanthropic responsibilities of a company) affect news recipients’ product purchasing intentions. A mediation analysis showed that CSR-framed news indirectly and positively affected individuals’ purchasing intentions via company and product attitudes. No relevant differences could be detected for the specific type of CSR frame. Implications of the results are discussed.     

Television,Gender Norms,and Tanning Attitudes and Intentions of Young Men and Women

This study investigated whether and how exposure to tanned images on television is related to tanning attitudes and intentions among men and women, using the influence of presumed influence model (Gunther & Storey, 2003 Gunther , A. C. , & Storey , J. D. ( 2003 ). The Influence of presumed influence . Journal of Communication , 53 , 199 – 215 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The model showed a better fit with the male rather than female sample. In addition, among males, exposure to tanned-men images on television was directly associated with protanning attitudes and was indirectly associated with protanning intentions. Corresponding direct and indirect associations were not found among females. Instead, the results suggest females may project their own protanning intentions into the estimation of protanning norms among male and female peers. These results suggest the social perceptual processes underlying the link between television exposure and tanning tendencies of men and women may differ.     

广告跨文化传播效果的符号学解读

广告跨文化传播效果,从所指角度来看,包括价值认同与价值冲突;从能指角度来看,包括不理解、理解以及误解.因此,成功的广告跨文化传播的效果是,在受传者正常解读能指、理解广告所指,并避免文化误解的前提下,广告所指得到爱传者认同.     

重庆地区三种市场形态报纸的公信力比较

本文从我国报纸经营权的出资人角度将我国报纸划分为党报、党报出资经营的报纸、业外资本出资经营的报纸三种市场形态。通过对重庆市区居民抽样调查发现,我国传媒的市场化进程并没有以降低媒介公信力为代价,三种市场形态报纸的绝对公信力差距并不大。党报在相对公信力上面还有一定优势,但绝对公信力与其他两类市场形态报纸相比已经没有区别。     

The Effects of Exemplification on Perceptions of News Credibility

Exemplification (the use of examples) in news stories is a common method of providing information about social phenomena to make stories more interesting to audience members. However, previous research has consistently linked exemplification to highly inaccurate perceptions about the prevalence or severity of a given phenomena. The current study further explored outcomes of exemplification by examining the extent to which the practice influenced perceptions of news credibility. Exemplification of public opinion via layperson quotes was found to differentially affect perceptions of news story credibility. Anecdotal exemplification, however, did not predict credibility ratings. Implications for journalism and democratic participation as well as partisans' preference for congenial coverage in news stories are discussed.     

信息源对数字原住民健康信息可信度判断的启发式实验研究

互联网已成为消费者健康信息搜寻的重要渠道。Web 2.0环境下互联网信息传播的路径和形态嬗变使在线健康信息环境日趋多样与复杂,用户在异质信息源中选择恰当健康信息的难度显著提升。本文基于启发式信息处理视角,从理论层面梳理启发式与健康信息可信度判断之间的内在关联并构建概念模型。在此基础上,采用实验研究法,以受控健康信息文本与启发式信息线索网页框架构建实验材料,并招募高中生群体这一典型的数字原住民作为被试开展实验研究。实验结果表明,各类健康信息来源中的启发式信息线索对数字原住民的可信度判断具有显著影响,特别是机构信息源线索的出现会显著提高数字原住民的可信度评价。数字原住民对机构信息源的可信度评价显著高于商业信息源与社会化媒体信息源,而商业信息源与社会化媒体信息源之间没有显著差别。研究结论有助于进一步理解数字原住民的健康信息行为模式,并为政府部门和公共卫生机构更好地构建健康信息平台提供参考依据。     

An Investigation of Value-, Impression-, and Outcome-Relevant Involvement on Attitudes,Purchase Intentions,and Information Seeking

This investigation explored the relationship between value-relevant (VRI), impression-relevant (IRI), and outcome-relevant involvement (ORI) on information-seeking behaviors, attitudes, and purchase intentions. Results revealed that grocery shoppers' (N = 175) ORI was positively associated with information-seeking behaviors, attitudes, and purchase intentions of foods high in fiber. Neither VRI nor IRI predicted attitudes or purchase intentions. Results are discussed with an emphasis on information seeking among the three types of involvement and message-design strategies with respect to promoting foods high in fiber.     

Understanding the Dynamics Behind the Relationship Between Exposure to Negative Consequences of Risky Sex on Entertainment Television and Emerging Adults' Safe-Sex Attitudes and Intentions

Social cognitive theory (SCT; Bandura, 1986 Bandura , A. ( 1986 ). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall . [Google Scholar]) has established that people often are inhibited from engaging in a behavior when they observe models experience negative consequences for their actions. Thus, in the realm of sexual portrayals on television, a program that depicts consequences of risky intercourse should reduce the likelihood that a viewer would respond positively. In addition, SCT suggests that a consequence's intensity and type play a role in viewer outcomes and that it is difficult to inhibit behaviors that one has personal experience with. These assumptions were tested in this study. Results showed that emerging adults with high sexual risk experience were not influenced by television portrayals of negative consequences to risky sex. Effects of exposure were identified only among participants who did not have a high amount of sexual risk experience, such that they reported safer-sex outcomes. Outcomes differed based on the type of consequence participants were exposed to.     

Tweeting Facts,Facebooking Lives: The Influence of Language Use and Modality on Online Source Credibility

The present study examines how language use (e.g., personalized vs. depersonalized language) and modality (e.g., tweets vs. Facebook status updates) influence source credibility interdependently. A total of 257 participants read personalized or depersonalized health messages embedded in mock-up tweets or Facebook status updates. The results show that users perceive depersonalized tweets as more credible than depersonalized status updates posted on Facebook. On the other hand, personalized status updates on Facebook generate higher credibility judgments than personalized tweets. The findings are discussed in light of the MAIN model as well as the preconceived user expectations and communication norms of social media.     

Cross-Cutting Effects of Hypertext Navigation on the Convergence of Attitudes

This study explores the navigation patterns of users reading hypertext-linked online news articles about a controversial issue. With the theoretical frameworks of selective exposure and cross-cutting exposure, the study examined the effects of individuals’ attitudes on their navigation patterns and consequent attitude changes after the news exposure. We asked 130 participants to read positive or negative news articles about the Korea–U.S. free trade agreement (FTA) by selecting six consecutive webpages. The results indicate that their attitudes toward the FTA was a significant predictor of their news selection, providing support for the selective exposure hypothesis. In terms of navigation patterns across the six news selection stages, the participants tended to select news articles that corresponded to their initial attitudes. The selection gap between participants with different attitudes increased until the fifth stage and ultimately converged. In terms of attitude change, the gap in the participants’ attitudes decreased sharply after their navigation.     

Adopting an Integrated Behavioral Model Approach to the Study of News Media Exposure: A Focus on Experiential and Instrumental Attitudes Toward Politics

Stepping beyond traditional mass communication and political communication frameworks, this study utilizes the integrated behavioral model to predict traditional broadcast and print news media exposure. Specific focus is given to experiential (Is politics interesting?) and instrumental (Is politics important?) attitudes. A secondary analysis is performed on 2010–2014 World Values Survey data (N = 6,961) consisting of representative samples collected from the United States, Germany, Australia, and Sweden. Interest is a statistically significant predictor of both types of news media exposure, but importance and Interest × Importance are statistically significant for broadcast only. The positive predictive value of political interest for broadcast is isolated to only those individuals who perceive politics to be of low personal importance. Discussion focuses on task difficulty when comparing broadcast and print news media exposure and the theoretical implications of the study’s findings. In addition, a research agenda based on the integrated behavioral model is proposed for the study of news media engagement.     

Perceived Source Credibility of Local Television News: The Impact of Television Form and Presence

An increasing number of local news stations are producing and broadcasting their newscasts in high-definition television (HDTV), but to date there has not been an investigation of audience perceptions of news in high definition. This study presents the results from an experiment investigating the influence of television form (image quality and field of view) on presence and audiences' perceptions of source credibility for news anchors and local news. The results demonstrate that improved image quality (HDTV) has a positive influence on audience perceptions of source credibility and the overall credibility of newscasts. Implications are discussed.     

A Social Cognitive Theory Approach to the Effects of Mediated Intergroup Contact on Intergroup Attitudes

This research applies a social cognitive theory perspective to the study of mediated intergroup contact. It was hypothesized that exposure to positive intergroup contact on television would be associated with more positive intergroup attitudes. Some support for this hypothesis was found for exposure to gay-straight and Black-White interactions. It was also hypothesized that identification with a character belonging to the viewer's ingroup and perceived typicality of a character from an outgroup would be associated with more positive intergroup attitudes. Some support for these hypotheses emerged with regard to associations between exposure to televised gay-straight interactions and homophobic attitudes.