Distributions of citations of papers of individual authors publishing in different scientific disciplines: Application of Langmuir-type function

The distribution of cumulative citations L and contributed citations L_f to individual multiauthored papers published by selected authors working in different scientific disciplines is analyzed and discussed using Langmuir-type function: y_n = y₀[1 − αKn/(1 + Kn)], where y_n denotes the total number of normalized cumulative citations l_n* and normalized contributed citations l_nf* received by individual papers of rank n, y₀ is the maximum value of y_n when n = 0, α ≥ 1 is an effectiveness parameter, and K is the Langmuir constant related to the dimensionless differential energy Q = ln(KN_c), with N_c as the number of papers receiving citations. Relationships between the values of the Langmuir constant K of the distribution function, the number N_c of papers of an individual author receiving citations and the effectiveness parameter α of this function, obtained from analysis of the data of rank-size distributions of the authors, are investigated. It was found that: (1) the quantity KN_c obtained from the real citation distribution of papers of various authors working in different disciplines is inversely proportional to (α − 1) with a proportional constant (KN_c)₀ < 1, (2) the relation KN_c = (KN_c)₀/(α − 1) also holds for the citation distribution of journals published in countries of two different groups, investigated earlier (Sangwal, K. (2013). Journal of Informetrics, 7, 487–504), and (3) deviations of the real citation distribution from curves predicted by the Langmuir-type function are associated with changing activity of sources of generation of items (citations).     

《长江蔬菜》扩大发行量的做法

结合<长江蔬菜>多年的实际发行工作经验,阐明发行工作中要"最大限度"注意的8个问题;锁定和开发终端读者;发挥行业发展优势;发挥邮局主渠道作用;加大发行征订宣传力度;加大发行投入力度;强化发行服务意识;加强发行数据库建设;突破制约当前期刊发行的瓶颈.     

《中文新闻信息分类与代码》复分表评介——兼与《中国图书馆分类法》比较

《中文新闻信息分类与代码》是我国第一部以国家标准形式颁布的新闻分类法,由于主表类目只有5 000多条,复分表在提高标引能力方面具有重要作用。以新闻信息分类为例,对《中文新闻信息分类与代码》的复分表进行较为全面的介绍,并与《中国图书馆分类法》(文中简称“《中图法》”)的复分表进行比较,体会到《中文新闻信息分类与代码》复分表具有鲜明的新闻特色,使用方便。同时也提出复分表中的一些可商榷之处及相应的建议,供完善新闻分类法参考。     

News framing of adolescents’ use of Facebook in Taiwanese newspapers

ABSTRACT

While media frames reflect the dominant discourse about an issue, frame analysis can elucidate how they affect public perception. ¹ 1 William A Gamson and Andre Modigliani, “Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach,” American Journal of Sociology 95, no. 1 (1989): 1–37. Employing content analysis of news coverage of adolescents’ use of social media in mainstream newspapers (n?=?323) from 2014 to 2017, supplemented with secondary data from two national surveys of adolescents, this study investigates how news media construct the reality of adolescents’ use of social media; how the constructed reality differs from the subjective reality reported by adolescents’ themselves; and how news media reflect the elite discourse in terms of adolescence’s nature, agency, and needs in the context of using social media.     

纳西族东巴经书目述评

以学者们编撰的纳西族东巴经书目著作为基础,把书目的发展过程分为滥觞期、发展期和成熟期,提出书目应兼收文字经和口诵经、经书类别编排依东巴教作法仪式为主、著录项目全面详细有特色,实现以书目来总结经书研究成果,由书目来了解东巴经研究的基本格局与发展趋势的目的。     

Comparison of different mathematical functions for the analysis of citation distribution of papers of individual authors

The citation distribution of papers of selected individual authors was analyzed using five mathematical functions: power-law, stretched exponential, logarithmic, binomial and Langmuir-type. The former two functions have previously been proposed in the literature whereas the remaining three are novel and are derived following the concepts of growth kinetics of crystals in the presence of additives which act as inhibitors of growth. Analysis of the data of citation distribution of papers of the authors revealed that the value of the goodness-of-the-fit parameter R² was the highest for the empirical binomial relation, it was high and comparable for stretched exponential and Langmuir-type functions, relatively low for power law but it was the lowest for the logarithmic function. In the Langmuir-type function a parameter K, defined as Langmuir constant, characterizing the citation behavior of the authors has been identified. Based on the Langmuir-type function an expression for cumulative citations L relating the extrapolated value of citations l₀ corresponding to rank n = 0 for an author and his/her constant K and the number N of paper receiving citation l ≥ 1 is also proposed.     

A scale-independent analysis of the performance of the Chinese innovation system

In this paper we use scale-independent indicators to explore the performance of the Chinese innovation system from an economic and from a science and technology point of view, and compare it with 21 other nations. Some important developments in the Chinese innovation system, hidden by rankings by conventional performance indicators, were revealed. We find that gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) & gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP & POP (population) all exhibit strong ‘Matthew effects’, measured by their scaling factors. This means that the Chinese R&D intensity (GERD/GDP) and national wealth (GDP per capita) are growing significantly with the increase of the GDP. Also pairs such as citations & papers, papers & GDP, citations & GDP, and paper & GERD exhibit these ‘Matthew effects’. This observation points to the fact that in China scientific outputs and impacts are growing faster than economic growth and research investment. However, according to another scale-independent indicator, namely the adjusted relative citation impact (ARCI), China ranks on the bottom of the list, but the growth rate of the ARCI is the highest among these countries (comparing the periods 1995–1999 and 2001–2005). To sum up, we interpret these findings to mean that the scientific outputs and impacts of China show a real tendency of catching up with its economic growth. It is expected that with an increase of its GDP and R&D intensity China will show a sustained increase in indicators related to science and technology. Similarly, there are very strong ‘Matthew effects’ between the outputs of technology (patents) and economic growth and research investment. This means that the outputs of technology are expected to increase considerably with an increase of GDP and R&D expenditure. Furthermore, in the Chinese innovation system the government intramural expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) has a stronger non-linear impact on patent productivity than business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD). This shows that in China research institutions financed by the government play a more important role than enterprises.     

From Grand Narratives of Democracy to Small Expectations of Participation

This article critically examines the invocation of democracy in the discourse of audience participation in digital journalism. Rather than simply restate the familiar grand narratives that traditionally described journalism's function for democracy (information source, watchdog, public representative, mediation for political actors), we compare and contrast conceptualisations of the audience found within these and discuss how digital technologies impact these relationships. We consider how “participatory” transformations influence perceptions of news consumption and draw out analytic distinctions based on structures of participation and different levels of engagement. This article argues that the focus in digital journalism is not so much on citizen engagement but rather audience or user interaction; instead of participation through news, the focus is on participation in news. This demands we distinguish between minimalist and maximalist versions of participation through interactive tools, as there is a significant distinction between technologies that allow individuals to control and personalise content (basic digital control) and entire platforms that easily facilitate the storytelling and distribution of citizen journalism within public discourse (integrative structural participation). Furthermore, commercial interests tend to dominate the shaping of digital affordances, which can lead to individualistic rather than collective conceptualisations. This article concludes by considering what is gained as well as lost when grand visions of journalism's roles for democracy are appropriated or discarded in favour of a participation paradigm to conceptualise digital journalism.     

论科技期刊编辑的职业精神

"三项学习教育"活动的深入开展对当前出版行业编辑素质的提高具有重要意义.结合"三项学习教育"活动的具体内容,从4个方面阐述编辑的职业精神,即:爱岗敬业,无私奉献;公正严谨,不徇私情;团结协作,诚实守信;遵纪守法,廉洁自律.     

December, 1966, meeting of the executive committee of CSSA

Throughout its multiple seasons, the language on Fox's Family Guy has been the subject of criticism, foundation reports, and even lawsuits. The show's creators assert that the language used in the show simply provides satirical social commentary; others believe the language is inappropriate for broadcast television. This study investigated the presence of derogatory language in Family Guy in order to make an argument regarding the potential cultivating effects of such language when presented in an animated format. The study found that derogatory messages were present in roughly 9% of Family Guy scenes and that correlations existed between the types of characters that were the senders and recipients of derogatory messages and the types of messages transmitted.     

Further Testing of a New Model of Intercultural Communication Competence

Recently, a new model of intercultural communication was proposed and later empirically tested (Arasaratnam, 2004 Arasaratnam , L. A. ( 2004 ). Intercultural communication competence: Development and empirical validation of a new model . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association , New Orleans , LA . [Google Scholar]; Arasaratnam & Doerfel, 2005 Arasaratnam , L. A. & Doerfel , M. L. ( 2005 ). Intercultural communication competence: Identifying key components from multicultural perspectives . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 29 , 137 – 163 . [CSA] [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The present study was designed to further test the model and address the limitations of the previous test. Survey data were collected from participants (N = 400) and analyzed using regression analyses. The results mostly supported the previous model. These results plus some new findings in the relationship between empathy and intercultural communication competence are discussed.     

论我国高校图书馆联合目录的发展

随着时代的发展,网络的应用和技术的革新促进我国高校图书馆联合目录的迅猛发展。本文以CALIS联合目录为主要案例,从联合目录的建设背景、文献信息资源现状、成员馆数量、建库模式和服务情况等方面对我国高校图书馆联合目录发展现状进行分析研究,指出我国高校图书馆联合目录目前发展所面临的问题,并从虚拟目录、编目对象、网络信息资源比重、服务模式等方面探讨我国高校图书馆联合目录发展的趋势。      

The use of the Percentage Rank Position index for comparative evaluation of journals

In the present paper the Percentage Rank Position (PRP) index concluding from the principle of Similar Distribution of Information Impact in different fields of science (Vinkler, 2013), is suggested to assess journals in different research fields comparatively. The publications in the journals dedicated to a field are ranked by citation frequency, and the PRP-index of the papers in the elite set of the field is calculated. The PRP-index relates the citation rank number of the paper to the total number of papers in the corresponding set. The sum of the PRP-index of the elite papers in a journal, PRP(j,F) may represent the eminence of the journal in the field. The non-parametric and non-dimensional PRP(j,F) index of journals is believed to be comparable across fields.     

Learning-based summarisation of XML documents

Documents formatted in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) are available in collections of various document types. In this paper, we present an approach for the summarisation of XML documents. The novelty of this approach lies in that it is based on features not only from the content of documents, but also from their logical structure. We follow a machine learning, sentence extraction-based summarisation technique. To find which features are more effective for producing summaries, this approach views sentence extraction as an ordering task. We evaluated our summarisation model using the INEX and SUMMAC datasets. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of features from the logical structure of documents increases the effectiveness of the summariser, and that the learnable system is also effective and well-suited to the task of summarisation in the context of XML documents. Our approach is generic, and is therefore applicable, apart from entire documents, to elements of varying granularity within the XML tree. We view these results as a step towards the intelligent summarisation of XML documents.

Deciphering the diplomatic archives of fifteenth-century Italy

This article examines the repercussions of the explosion of paper documents generated by new developments in diplomatic practice in Italian city-states between 1450 and 1500. With the proliferation of resident ambassadors whose daily duties centered around writing and receiving letters and other documents, a flood of written material was produced. The management and archiving of all this material triggered the formation of new institutions, of new methods of working, and of new personnel. Though the results of the efforts at archiving were often fitful and incomplete, the governments of the Italian peninsula henceforth sought to collect, control and preserve diplomatic documents so that they could be referenced in the future.

美国《图书馆杂志》“年度图书馆”奖获得者服务特色分析

[目的/意义] 对美国《图书馆杂志》从1992年开始设立的"年度图书馆"奖的评选标准以及获奖图书馆的特色服务进行研究，旨在为我国图书馆开展特色化服务提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 通过网络调查法和案例分析法，对2000-2018年获得"年度图书馆"奖的19所图书馆开展的特色服务进行比较分析。[结果/结论] 获奖图书馆的服务特色：重视公民教育，强化教育职能；强调均等服务理念，体现人文关怀；提供多元社区信息服务，参与社区建设；树立品牌意识，打造品牌项目。对我国图书馆界的启示：科学合理地进行角色定位；积极参与社区贫困计划；强化特色服务品牌意识；拓宽合作领域。     

Challenges of getting faculty status: Perception of university librarians in Pakistan

Abstract

Objective:To find out the university head librarians’ perceptions about the issues in getting faculty status.

Methodology:A qualitative research design was used to explore the issue through personal and telephonic interviews with 15 chief librarians of 18 university libraries located in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The textual data was content-analyzed and coded. The emerged themes and subthemes have been presented with the frequency of their occurrences. The findings have been supported by the selected quotations of the interviewees.

Findings:A majority of the librarians had vague understanding of the notion of faculty status. Almost all of them desired for granting faculty status to the university librarians. However, their opinion was divided on the prerequisites for faculty status. Most of them supported the same criteria for employment and promotion of faculty librarians, as is used in case of their teaching faculty counterparts. The study has identified that the main barriers in getting faculty status are the librarians themselves, lacking preparedness in terms of qualifications and research output.

Implications:The study brings into light both the possibilities of granting faculty status to the university librarians and barriers in this regard. Besides, the findings though extracted from a small number of respondents, may be of interest to other countries in the region.

Originality/value:This exploratory investigation identifies barriers in getting faculty status and is the first ever study on the subject in the local literature.

Conclusion:Faculty status will help in improving visibility, image and respect of librarians. Therefore, there is a need to prepare university librarians for faculty status, and to struggle for getting it.     

Evolution and Diffusion of the Michigan State University Tradition of Organizational Communication Network Research

This article documents the 30‐year history of communication network research at Michigan State University (M.S.U.), providing a case study of the evolution and diffusion of an academic innovation. Three past and continuing issues for network scholars are identified: a lack of professional reward for developing user‐friendly computer programs, unresolved methodological problems, and a need for better theoretical and conceptual frameworks. The narrative also illustrates the difficulty communication as a discipline has in impacting broader intellectual traditions. The story begins with the first doctoral dissertation (Schwartz, 1968 Richards, W. D. and Barnett, G., eds. 1993. Progress in communication sciences: Advances in communication network analysis, Norwood, NJ: Ablex.  [Google Scholar]) and the first network analysis software program in 1970 (Richards’ Negopy), continuing to the last dissertation (Susskind, 1996 Susskind, A. M. 1996. The impact of an organizational downsizing effort on survivors’ communication network relationships and attitudes, East Lansing: Department of Communication, Michigan State University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation [Google Scholar]), and ending in 1998 when J. David Johnson left the M.S.U. faculty. Other major players in the M.S.U. network tradition included David K. Berlo, Eugene Jacobson, Everett M. Rogers, Vincent Farace, Peter Monge, and Erwin Bettinghaus. Ironically, Schwartz and Susskind met in 1998 while Schwartz was preparing to retire from Cornell University and Susskind was starting as an Assistant Professor in a different department, thus providing closure to the M.S.U. network.     

The future of scientific journals: The rise of UniAI

• The enormous amount of scientific data produced each second will make it difficult to analyze them.
• In near future, a universal AI-based (UniAI) system with ready access to a collective database will be formed to analyze the gigantic amount of data being created.
• There will be no ready articles, no scientific journal, no indexing system, no peer review, no research or publication ethical concerns, and no editor.
• UniAI, a self-organized self-sufficient AI system will assume most part of the research and its publication.

     

The use of Loansome Doc to meet the needs of unaffiliated health professionals

Objective: This study was undertaken in order to determine how health sciences libraries in a ten-state region are using Loansome Doc, with an emphasis on whether this tool continues to be used to serve unaffiliated health professionals. Methods: Usage data were examined and health sciences libraries were administered a survey to determine how they are using this tool. Results: Loansome Doc usage across libraries is low and declining, and a number of libraries do not serve unaffiliated health professionals with this tool. Conclusions: Use of Loansome Doc is low and declining, in part, due to license restrictions, declining interlibrary loan, and the prevalence of alternatives, such as OCLC's ILLiad, for document delivery to affiliated users.