当代中国新闻舆论监督的动力分析

在中国语境下,舆论监督涉及到执政党和政府、媒体、公众三者之间的关系,三者之间的关系在理论上是统一的,但三者之间的关系受到具体社会语境的约束,在不同社会语境里,舆论监督就被赋予了不同的内容和意义,也遇到不同的问题和困难。本文在分析新形势下中国舆论监督面临的压力和动力的基础上,揭示当前舆论监督的内在机理,提出只有明确执政党和政府、媒体、公众三者之间的关系,才能真正解决舆论监督难题。     

舆论形成中的媒体、公众和政府互动关系研究

网络媒介的崛起,为媒体、公众和政府三者之间实现良性互动,构建富有生命力的主流舆论提供了技术上的可能性.参与舆论构成的各方,应努力实现社会意见相互交换的畅通,媒体从业行为的高专业标准以及意见表达的成熟与理性,为和谐社会的构建奠定基础.     

CHERNOBYL AND THE NUCLEAR POWER ISSUE IN SWEDEN: Experts, Media, and Public Opinion

On the advice of experts a large nuclear power program was introducedin Sweden and unanimously accepted by Parliament. Shortly afterwardsnuclear power became a heavily politicized issue with the politicalparties engaged pro and con. The accidents at Three Mile Islandand Chernobyl also had a strong impact on the opinion formation.It now seems, however, that after twenty years public opinionis slowly changing in the direction of the dominant views amongexperts.     

媒体融合:广播电视舆论引导能力提升的新途径

本文认为,以科学发展观为统领,坚持观点立台,信息及时透明,进行议程设置,与公民媒体联动,拓展传播渠道,等等手段与方法,是全面提升广电媒体舆论引导能力的重要保障.     

Integrating Theoretical Traditions in Media Effects: Using Third-Person Effects to Link Agenda-Setting and Cultivation

In an earlier period of mass communication research, scholars were more adventuresome in advancing “new” theories and less hesitant to “create” theory. The 1970s, in particular, bore witness to the emergence of several such theories—from the knowledge gap and agenda-setting to cultivation. Scholars have generated substantial literatures elaborating work in these and other traditions. Those contributions are now sufficiently robust that it is time to direct some of our energies toward synthesizing theories. This article nominates third-person perception as a candidate for such integration. Several prominent theories of media effects in the mass communication literature are selected to illustrate how the theories can or have been integrated. Results from three surveys provided evidence that the theories of third-person perception, agenda-setting and cultivation can be interrelated. The proposition examined here can serve as a model for further integration of other media theories. This integration attempt harkened back to the times when theory building in media effects was more common and perhaps more optimistic about explaining processes of influence.     

媒体舆论与全民动员--中国传媒抗击非典报道全景透视

本文以详实的资料和抽样统计结果为依据 ,分三个阶段对中国传媒抗击非典报道进行了全景透视 ,深入分析了每一个阶段的是非得失 ,并从整个抗击非典报道引发了关于媒介的角色回归、体制改革、环境监测、生态平衡、报道方式等问题的思考     

论如何建立健全舆论引导工作格局和工作机制

舆论导向正确对党和人民事业具有重大意义。确保正确的舆论导向,是我国新闻管理至关重要的工作目标之一。建立健全舆论引导的工作格局和工作机制,能够为正确舆论导向提供组织保障和制度保障,是具体落实正确舆论导向中极具现实性和紧迫性的一个重要环节。本文提出要建立健全以党政主管机关为主导的、以行业自律为基础、以专业监督和社会监督为辅助的舆论引导工作格局,为正确舆论导向提供组织保障;要建立健全完善的舆论引导工作机制,为正确舆论导向提供制度保障;并要加强研究,促进舆论管理工作从以行政手段为主向以法律手段为主转变,探索建立舆论引导工作管理的长效机制。     

The Role of Communication in Public Opinion Processes: Understanding the Impacts of Intrapersonal, Media, and Social Filters

This study examined multiple factors associated with the processof public opinion including relevant predispositions, mediause, interpersonal discussion, and perceptions of communityopinion in order to test a theoretical model of public opinion.We conceptualized these factors as intrapersonal, media, andsocial ‘filters’ within the public opinion process.To test the impact of these filters, we conducted a survey withtwo independent samples—the first sample was collectedduring the introduction phase of a community ballot issue andthe second just a week before the issue vote. Findings indicateall three filters impacted public opinion regarding the ballotissue. Within these filters, important subprocesses were analyzedto better understand each filter's contribution to the formationof public opinion. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression equationsused to test the proposed process model revealed that the intrapersonalfilter accounted for a substantial amount of the overall variancein public opinion, but that media and social filters were alsoimportant predictors. Results highlight the importance of communicationvariables in the formation of public opinion. Received for publication May 4, 2006. Accepted for publication April 19, 2007.     

迈向多元取径：公众舆论、公共领域与公共性再辨析

李普曼的经典作品Public Opinion近来被再度重译,书名从《公众舆论》变成《舆论》,因为"舆论"被认为天然就来自"公众"。然而,哈贝马斯对于作为历史过程的"公众舆论"早有论证。对此新译书名的理解实际上反映出了长久以来中文学界对核心概念在语境和脉络上的混淆。因此,紧扣原典重读被广泛征引的哈贝马斯似仍有必要。该文立足于当前研究现状,更指出在数字媒介革命与公共生活议题甚嚣尘上的今天,我们还应竭力追求理论概念与观察视角的多样性,广泛汲取诸如言谈公共性、视觉公共性、具身公共性等路径。研究指出,就公众舆论、公共领域、公共性等议题而言,对其历史范畴的丰富性不加辨析当然不可取,而固执守定某一种公共性的倾向同样值得反思。     

新媒体时代中国舆论监督的新议题:网络揭黑

网络揭黑指网民通过网络平台,借助网络舆论的力量,为维护社会公平正义,揭露事实真相,引起社会关注,从而引起政府相关部门重视并使事件得到迅速合理解决的行为。在我国传统媒体舆论监督功能缺失的情况下,网络揭黑是舆论监督开辟的一种新途径。实践证明,网络揭黑发挥出了摧枯拉朽的威力,不仅把一个个社会事件的真相揭发出来,而且促进政府对公共突发事件的重视,并在处理和应对公共突发事件中提高自己的执政能力。由于网民揭黑者置身新闻业外,缺少必要的新闻专业精神与媒介素养,不可避免地存在各种不规范的地方,对于这些问题必须引起重视,从自律和他律两个方面加以解决。     

Hostile Media Perceptions in the Age of Social Media: Following Politicians,Emotions, and Perceptions of Media Bias

This study explores sadness-based message choices among comedy, game show, and sad drama that correspond to the three perceived goals of sadness regulation—optimization, distraction, and embracement, respectively. Results from an experiment showed that some sad participants selected sad drama with the expectation of realizing that their situations were not the worst possible, of creating new meanings and values, and finally of regaining a sense of control over the event and life in general. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of these cognitive gains and growth distinct from pleasurable experience from the use of entertainment messages.     

Back to the Street: When Media and Opinion Leave Home

To achieve “deliberative democracy,” Gabriel Tarde's formula not only demands the press hold a nation together, but also offers an agenda of issues that serves as a kind of menu for discussions in cafés and salons, which leads, in turn, to more considered opinions, and thus provides the consensual valuations that inform political, economic and aesthetic actions. The elements of the formula consist of press, conversation, opinion, and action. I argue that the long-run effect of the mainstream media—the newspaper, but even more the radio and television— moved politics off the street and into the home, hence the concern over “the narcotizing dysfunction” of the news media. In the era of the Internet, I argue that media—old or new, mass or social—are far from being the whole of the story. It is some combination of these media, plus word of mouth, plus some rather well-known elements of social-movement theory, plus the social psychology of collective behavior that help to explain. But let us not lose sight of the different functions served by the different media. If the mass media—newspapers, radio, and television—may be said to have moved people “inside,” the social media, so called, serve to mobilize, and may bring them “outside,” again.     

网络舆情信息提取与预处理研究

本研究针对舆情信息源特征就舆情信息增量采集、提取和存储、文本信息预处理提出了基于Web—Harvest的定点信息采集以及基于输入法平台的新词收集策略,构建了一个互联网用语扩展词库,实现了信息预处理关键模块。