Parenting and the Adjustment of Children Born to Gay Fathers Through Surrogacy

Findings are presented on a study of 40 gay father families created through surrogacy and a comparison group of 55 lesbian mother families created through donor insemination with a child aged 3–9 years. Standardized interview, observational and questionnaire measures of stigmatization, quality of parent–child relationships, and children's adjustment were administered to parents, children, and teachers. Children in both family types showed high levels of adjustment with lower levels of children's internalizing problems reported by gay fathers. Irrespective of family type, children whose parents perceived greater stigmatization and children who experienced higher levels of negative parenting showed higher levels of parent‐reported externalizing problems. The findings contribute to theoretical understanding of the role of family structure and family processes in child adjustment.     

Views of Schooling Held by Children Attending Schools for Pupils with Moderate Learning Difficulties

There has been little research into the views of the consumers of the special education service‐‐the children themselves. Social legislation (e.g., the 1989 Children Act in the UK) has emphasised the importance of discovering the views of the child when planning provision. Similar proposals have been put forward in recent UK documents concerning educational provision (DFE, 1993). This paper reports data based on individual, semi‐structured interviews with 56 children (ages 9 to 11) attending schools for pupils with moderate learning difficulties (MLD/MlD). Interviews probed views about special and mainstream schools and pupils, and perceived reasons for transfer from mainstream to special school. Two areas (teachers as a liked aspect of special and mainstream schools, and problems handling playground relationships) point to key areas of concern for children with learning or intellectual difficulties. Overall, MLD school children were supportive of their special schools. This is discussed in relation to categorization theory.     

The Relationship between Parenting Types and Older Adolescents' Personality, Academic Achievement, Adjustment, and Substance Use

The purpose of the present study was to examine Baumrind's T3 conceptual framework using a multiple informant design and an older adolescent population. With 178 college students and their families as participants, the present study found many of the predicted relations between parents' child-rearing style (Authoritative, Democratic, Nondirective, Nonauthoritarian-Directive, Authoritarian-Directive, and Unengaged) and their adolescent children's behavior in the 4 domains assessed: personality, adjustment, academic achievement, and substance use. The differences between parenting types on the criterion measures were not as large as reported in Baumrind's study, and significant effects were predominantly due to the poor scores from children with Unengaged and Authoritarian-Directive parents. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the Authoritative parenting type, the utility of using a typology, and areas for future research.     

父母教养方式对幼儿同胞关系的影响

本文通过对649名幼儿进行问卷调查,深入探讨了父母教养方式对幼儿同胞关系的影响及父母对同胞冲突处理策略的作用机制。结果发现:二孩家庭中父母教养方式以民主型为主,父母教养方式能够显著正向预测同胞关系,父母对同胞冲突处理策略在父毋教养方式与同胞关系之间具有完全中介作用。建议伴随二孩政策推进,全面三孩政策实施,父母应坚持民主教养,为幼儿树立榜样,及时关注大孩的心理变化,树立正确处理同胞冲突的观念,采取以幼儿为中心的策略,选择合适的时机介入同胞冲突。     

Health-Related Quality of Life in Children Attending Special and Typical Education Greek Schools

The purpose of this study was to examine parental perceptions about Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of typical education and special education students in Greece. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was administered to the parents of 251 children from typical schools, 46 students attending integration classes (IC) within a typical school and 97 students attending special education (segregated) schools. A two-way analysis of covariance indicated that, compared to their typically developing peers, children attending special education schools and IC were reported by their parents to have lower PedsQL scores. Compared to children attending special education schools, children attending IC showed no differences in all PedsQL domains but the emotional domain score (p < .05). Based on parents’ responses, further improvements in special education settings and environments in the Greek educational system might be necessary to improve the HRQOL of students with disabilities.     

特殊家庭教养方式与子女心理健康状况的关系

采用自编的中小学生教养方式评价问卷和中小学生心理健康状况测查问卷测查了526名特殊家庭和510名普通家庭的中小学生及其教养人,旨在探讨特殊家庭教养人的教养方式及其与子女心理健康状况的关系.结果表明,相对于普通家庭,特殊家庭教养人在教养子女时更多地采用惩罚严厉的教养方式,其情感温暖也更少.不同类型特殊家庭教养人教养方式的比较显示,流动、分居、离异家庭教养人的教养方式较消极,留守家庭教养人的教养方式相对较积极.特殊家庭小学生教养人的教养方式优于特殊家庭初中生教养人的教养方式,女生教养人的教养方式优于男生.教养人的情感温暖有利于提高特殊家庭子女的心理健康状况,教养人的拒绝否认、干涉保护、惩罚严厉等教养方式对特殊家庭子女的心理健康不利.     

幼儿饮食行为与亲子关系、父母教养方式的关系

为了探究幼儿饮食行为的特点及亲子关系在父母教养方式和幼儿饮食行为之间的中介作用,采用问卷法对浙江省H市400名幼儿的家长进行调查研究。结果表明:幼儿饮食行为在性别、年龄、抚养模式、父母文化程度和家庭经济水平上存在显著性差异;父母教养方式可以显著预测幼儿的饮食行为;亲子冲突性在父母教养方式和幼儿饮食行为之间起部分中介作用,亲子亲密性不起中介作用。研究对结果进行讨论分析,并提出相关建议。     

A Little Autonomy Support Goes a Long Way: Daily Autonomy-Supportive Parenting,Child Well-Being,Parental Need Fulfillment,and Change in Child,Family, and Parent Adjustment Across the Adaptation to the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study examined the effects of daily parental autonomy support on changes in child behavior, family environment, and parental well-being across 3 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Day-to-day associations among autonomy-supportive parenting, parental need fulfillment, and child well-being were also assessed. Parents (longitudinal N = 469; M_age = 42.93, SD_age = 6.40) of school children (6–19 years) reported on adjustment measures at two measurement occasions and completed up to 21 daily online questionnaires in the weeks between these assessments. Results from dynamic structural equation models suggested reciprocal positive relations among autonomy-supportive parenting and parental need fulfillment. Daily parental autonomy support, parental need fulfillment, and child well-being partially predicted change in adjustment measures highlighting the central role of daily parenting for children’s adjustment during the pandemic.     

The Gender Question and the Study of Jewish Children

Although some researchers argue that a generation of feminist innovations and changes in American Jewish life has produced an egalitarian generation in which gender differences among Jewish children and adolescents are insignificant, this article argues that the salience of gender differences is a factor of the kinds of questions that children are asked by researchers. When the question of gender was explicitly posed to 67 Jewish children, subtle differences did emerge. Jewish girls were found to be more sensitive to issues of equal rights and sexism, more ambivalent about their proper roles, and more aware of the contributions of Jewish women than boys.     

论农村社区建设与中小学布局调整的耦合关系

调整农村社区建设中的中小学布局是实现城乡教育均衡发展、缩小城乡教育差距的一项重要措施。农村社区建设与中小学布局调整的耦合关系主要表现在:农村社区建设对中小学布局调整的促进作用,农村中小学布局调整对社区建设的支持作用。现阶段的农村中小学布局调整要顺应农村社区建设这个社会背景,与农村社区建设协调进行。     

论农村社区建设与中小学布局调整的耦合关系

调整农村社区建设中的中小学布局是实现城乡教育均衡发展、缩小城乡教育差距的一项重要措施。农村社区建设与中小学布局调整的耦合关系主要表现在：农村社区建设对中小学布局调整的促进作用,农村中小学布局调整对社区建设的支持作用。现阶段的农村中小学布局调整要顺应农村社区建设这个社会背景,与农村社区建设协调进行。     

Worth Knowing: Talmud Study and the Intellectual Values of High School Students at Liberal Jewish Day Schools

ABSTRACT

What do Jewish day school students believe constitutes good understanding and worthwhile learning in the context of their encounter with rabbinic texts in the classroom? This article shares findings from an interview study of Jewish day school students in grades 9 through 12 regarding their attitudes toward the study of Talmud. I argue that high school students’ estimations of the value of Talmud study are shaped, not only by individually held tastes, talents, and commitments, but also by a set of shared intellectual values. These values, related to their beliefs about the purposes of learning and what good learning should accomplish for the learner, develop in the context of their schools and communities and frame how students set goals for and assess their own understanding of Talmud.     

服刑人员父母教养方式、心理控制感与人际困扰关系

采用问卷调查法对440名服刑人员父母教养方式、心理控制感与人际困扰关系进行测评。结果显示,服刑人员人际困扰占47.27%;心理外控型占40.90%。服刑人员父母温暖、理解教养方式采用率低,且与父母教养方式的其他9个因子负性相关;父母温暖、理解与人际困扰和心理控制感均显性负相关;父亲教养方式除父亲干涉外的其他5个因子均显性预测人际困扰;母亲的温暖、理解显性负向预测人际困扰,且通过心理控制感间接影响人际困扰。     

A Review of the Relationship Among Parenting Practices,Parenting Styles,and Adolescent School Achievement

This article reviews the literature on the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. The review of the empirical research indicates that parental involvement and monitoring are robust predictors of adolescent achievement. Several studies, however, indicate that parental involvement declines in adolescence, prompting the call for future research on the reasons for and associated consequences of this decline. Furthermore, the review indicates that authoritative parenting styles are often associated with higher levels of student achievement, although these findings are not consistent across culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Darling and Steinbergs contextual model of parenting provides a promising model to help resolve these discrepancies, however, further research is needed to examine the major linkages of the model. It is also argued that the contextual model should expand its notion of context towards the larger cultural and economic context in which families reside.     

对我国农村中小学布局及其调整的思考

农村中小学布局调整是我国近年来优化农村教育资源配置,促进农村义务教育改革和发展的一项重要政策.本文在深入分析当前我国农村中小学布局中存在问题的基础上,探讨了现行农村中小学布局调整的现实意义、推行的现状和存在的问题,并且提出了相应的对策建议.     

Defining and Assessing Spiritual Health: A Comparative Study Among 13- to 15-Year-Old Pupils Attending Secular Schools,Anglican Schools,and Private Christian Schools in England and Wales

This article argues that the nation's commitment to young people involves proper concern for their physical health, their psychological health, and their spiritual health. In this context the notion of spiritual health is clarified by a critique of John Fisher's model of spiritual health. Fisher developed a relational model of spiritual health, which defines good spiritual health in terms of an individual's relationship to four domains: the personal, the communal, the environmental, and the transcendental. In the present analysis, we make comparisons between pupils educated in three types of schools: publicly funded schools without religious foundation, publicly funded schools with an Anglican foundation, and new independent Christian schools (not publicly funded). Our findings draw attention to significant differences in the levels of spiritual health experienced by pupils within these three types of schools.     

特殊儿童父母亲职压力与婚姻质量关系研究

通过问卷调查法,分析特殊儿童父母亲职压力与婚姻质量的关系,重点探究发展性障碍儿童父母与感官障碍儿童父母在亲职压力与婚姻质量上的差异,并为特殊儿童父母降低压力、提升婚姻质量提供科学干预措施。结果发现:特殊儿童父母亲职压力与婚姻质量出现显著负相关,其中发展性障碍儿童父母与感官障碍儿童父母在亲职压力上存在显著差异,在婚姻质量上差异不显著。     

轻度智力落后学生心理健康水平与父母教养方式的关系

本研究探讨了轻度智力落后学生的心理健康水平与父母教养方式之间的关系 ,结果发现父母教养方式对轻度智力落后学生的心理健康有着显著的影响。在不同的教育安置形式下 ,父母教养方式对轻度智力落后学生的心理健康的影响是不同的。相比较而言 ,母亲教养方式的影响要大于父亲教养方式。     

我国农村中小学布局调整的历程、背景及标准

2011年我国甘肃庆阳、江苏徐州先后发生重大校车交通事故,造成多名学生伤亡,引起社会广泛关注。校车之痛实质是中小学布局调整,是近十几年来中小学大规模撤并过程中,学生上学璐途远而产生的社会问题。本文分析了我国历次较大规模中小学布局调整的历程及背景．并在此基础上提出了我国中小学布局的标准。