Context and Sources in Broadcast Television Coverage of the 2004 Democratic Primary

This study examined context variables (reporter speculation, multiple viewpoints, and story emphasis) and source variables (anonymous sources and source transparency) in broadcast television coverage of the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries. Primary coverage was compared with coverage of other major stories. Primary coverage was no more focused on conflict than were other major stories. Primary coverage was, however, more focused on winners and losers, and primary reporting was more likely to include reporter speculation. Primary stories were just as likely to include anonymous sources as were other major stories, but primary stories also were more likely than other major stories to fully identify sources.     

欧洲理事会与欧盟的广播电视政策法规

针对传播技术的进步、广播电视业经营与市场的变化 ,欧洲理事会与欧盟为规范欧洲范围内的广播电视 ,制定了一系列指导性法规文件 ,力图构建全欧统一的信息与思想交流平台、统一的广播电视业市场 ,推广“欧洲意识” ,抵制美国影视业的“入侵”。这种全方位的法规管理框架对欧洲广播电视业的发展起着越来越重要的作用     

Public Policies and Research on Cultural Diversity and Television in Mexico

The issue of how to preserve and promote cultural diversity in Mexico has not been central in policy debates and regulations. However, scholars, politicians, and public officials increasingly are debating how to promote and maintain cultural diversity here. This article reviews the current Mexican debate on policies related to the promotion of cultural diversity through television, using the concepts of source, content, and exposure diversity. The article argues that current commercial strategies in Mexico do not stimulate cultural diversity in media content. Instead, it advocates a mixed system of media with different mandates and modes of financing.     

Controlling Nature: Weathercasts on Local Television News

Since discovering the shrinking politician sound-bite, researchers have shown that TV news grew more journalist-centered since the 1960s. To explore how far journalistic authority extends, this study turns to the weather. It examines local coverage weekday mornings on three local stations before a national convention. Close qualitative reading, supplemented by content coding, compares weather rhetoric, tone, and style during segments. Weathercasters raise concerns during weather reports, which they soften during banter. Most surprising is their rhetorical claim to control nature. They personify weather, but ignore the audience. Accuracy in forecasts relates to the visual style and ratings of the station.     

公益为本经营为用

本文对中国广电媒体的性质和属性在已有共识的基础上进行深入探讨,提出"公益性"和"经济性"两个重要概念一、"公益性"与"经营性"是同一主体内并存的双重属性;二、"公益为本、经营为用"的属性定位的理论和实践意义;三、"公益为本,经营为用"的属性定位在当下广电体制改革中的运用.     

The Nature of Television Realism Judgments: A Reevaluation of Their Conceptualization and Measurement

In this article, we review previous conceptualizations of perceived reality judgments of television content. We argue that the perceived reality literature suffers from conceptual inconsistencies that have the potential to interfere with understanding the research taken as a whole and with the success of future studies. We analyze 3 major variants in perceived realism judgments. The first consists of conceptual dimensions (e.g., magic window and social realism). We argue that labels and definitions have been assigned inconsistently in previous research. Redundancies and inconsistencies are addressed. Six primary dimensions are identified and described. The second is measurement features. We point out that perceived realism judgments may vary in specificity (e.g., the realism of television in general or the realism of a specific program) and object of judgment (e.g., the realism of characters or the realism of issues). The third variant is processing characteristics. Realism judgments may be made while reflecting back, with memory-based judgments, or while viewing, with online judgments. The implications of considering each variant when conducting research are discussed. An overall conceptual structure for perceived reality judgments is proposed. Finally, the application of this organizational scheme to 3 areas of future research is presented.     

The Television Scene

Harlan Ellison and is titled The Glass Teat (Ace Paperbacks, $1.25)

Institute for Policy Study's Television Today: The End of Communication and the Death of Community (Washinpton D.C., the Institute, $10.00)

Ben Gross' I Looked and I Listened (Arlington House, $8.95)

Paul Michael and James Robert Parish's The Emmy Awards: A Pictorial History (Crown, $9.95)     

Media Diversity Policies for the Public: Empirical Evidence Examining Exposure Diversity and Democratic Citizenship

The pursuit of media diversity as a policy goal finds its foundation in First Amendment values which assume that the public welfare requires broad dissemination of information from diverse and antagonistic sources. Using 5 waves of panel data collected during the 2008 presidential campaign in the U.S., this article empirically examines the assumption that seeking diverse and antagonistic viewpoints reflects good citizenship. The results suggest that heavy consumption of liberal and conservative viewpoints together leads to higher levels of political knowledge, but suppresses political participation. The role of news media use in democratic citizenship might depend on quantity as well as on diversity.     

美国电视的约束机制

美国电视无疑是一种影响力巨大的媒介 ,正是由于它的巨大影响 ,因此比其他公众媒介受到更多的束缚和制约。这种社会权力的束缚和制约主要来自两个方面 :国家政权和社会舆论 ,而法律———舆论———经济利益构成的一个铁三角 ,从不同的方向影响着美国电视行业的生存与发展     

网络影响力:中国电视的新型评价体系

针对当下网络对社会生活影响日渐强大的现实,课题组首次提出"电视网络影响力"的全新概念.本文分析了网络影响力的概念、网络影响力研究的意义与内容,并发布了本课题组的调查结果:2007年度中国最具网络影响力的十大电视事件、十大电视栏目(央视和省级卫视)和十大省级卫视频道.从一个全新的角度对2007年的中国电视进行了梳理.     

The Contested Meaning of Public Service in American Television

Public service and public interest are familiar phrases to those who follow U.S. broadcasting policy, yet clear and useful definitions of these terms have proven elusive over time. In the early 1900s, America s educational broadcasters built their definition of service on the foundation of comprehensive, pluralistic programming. .     

感动与担忧:当代电视批评的双重视域

中国当代电视理论和电视事业的发展,正处于十分复杂的社会语境中。这种复杂,集中体现在中国电视发展面临的四大悖论:文化产业与文化工业的碰撞和紧张;人文精神与世俗精神的碰撞和紧张;产业化与商业化的碰撞和紧张;本土化与同质化的碰撞和紧张。中国电视处于“双重视域”的理论语境和实践环境时所面临的这四个悖论,决定了电视批评的理论视域是相当广阔的。忽视这样的宏观背景,当代电视批评不可能对中国电视的商业化、庸俗化、贵族化弊端作出深刻的解析。     

高科技语境下的现代电视艺术语言(上)

面对视觉文化的冲击 ,人们对电视艺术语言的认识开始摆脱“传播功能”的局限 ,发现深藏其间的“创造潜能”。随后 ,在摄制技术、图像处理技术飞速发展的今天 ,人的视觉经验借此得到了前所未有的拓展 ,现代技术日新月异的进步使得电视艺术语言的创造潜能迅速插上了“想象的翅膀”。如何理解今天的电视媒体 ,如何把握高科技语境下现代电视艺术语言的发展 ,如何实现技术与美学之间的有效联结 ,促成传统美学概念与命题的重新定义与理解……成为当下美学工作者一个急切而有意义的研究方向。本文从电视艺术语言的三个基本单元入手 ,通过解析镜头、编辑、电子技术手段具有的创造力以及现阶段的新发展 ,思考这三方面的语言演进背后可能传达出来的美学含义     

Perceived Source Credibility of Local Television News: The Impact of Television Form and Presence

An increasing number of local news stations are producing and broadcasting their newscasts in high-definition television (HDTV), but to date there has not been an investigation of audience perceptions of news in high definition. This study presents the results from an experiment investigating the influence of television form (image quality and field of view) on presence and audiences' perceptions of source credibility for news anchors and local news. The results demonstrate that improved image quality (HDTV) has a positive influence on audience perceptions of source credibility and the overall credibility of newscasts. Implications are discussed.