Beyond authorship: attribution,contribution, collaboration,and credit

• As the number of authors on scientific publications increases, ordered lists of author names are proving inadequate for the purposes of attribution and credit.
• A multi‐stakeholder group has produced a contributor role taxonomy for use in scientific publications.
• Identifying specific contributions to published research will lead to appropriate credit, fewer author disputes, and fewer disincentives to collaboration and the sharing of data and code.

     

Publishers,authors, and technology: A look backward and forward

New technology is not always used to its full potential. Economic and market considerations, issues of quality, and the social and political setting may impose barriersto the exploitation of new inventions. This article describes the impact of the typewriter on the division of labor between author and publisher and analyzes the reasons for the general delay in its adoption. It then reviews obstacles to greater use of the computer and offers some predictions for the near future. Beth Luey, senior lecturer and director of historical editing and publishing at Arizona State University, writes frequently on author/publisher relations. She is the author ofHandbook for Academic Authors (Cambridge, 1987) and editor ofBook Research Quarterly.     

竞争情报通识教育:原因、价值、现状与对策研究

文章针对当前竞争情报教育和行业市场双重困境的背景,提出用竞争情报通识教育的方式解决这一问题,并从教育、行业市场和大学生素质教育等方面阐述开展竞争情报通识教育的原因和价值,概述我国当前竞争情报通识教育的状况,分析当前存在的问题和相关对策。     

Computers in Libraries 2002, 17th Annual Conference,Washington Hilton and Towers,Washington, D.C., March 13-15, 2002

Abstract

The author reviews the 17th annual Computers in libraries conference, held in Washington, D.C, in March 2002.     

Linking Research,Policy, and Activism

This paper explores the role of the reference librarian in an interdisciplinary field bridging scholarly and policy information, and in a library that serves the public, academic, business and policy communities. After considering the nature of women's studies and policy studies, the author reviews recent literature on the changing role of the librarian in providing specialized research and reference services, finding the emergence of a proactive, client-centered, multifunction model. Through an examination of the diverse activities in women's policy issues in Washington DC, the author shows the ability of the librarian to merge reference service, research consultation, outreach, collection development, and bibliographic instruction. In monitoring the field within and outside the library, the librarian becomes established as an independent authority and can offer well-informed service to policymakers, analysts, students, the media and political groups. The paper summarizes the benefits and problems for the librarian and the patrons in this individual approach to public service.     

altmetrics:从理论假说、术语提出到内涵的重新界定

[目的/意义]引介国外近期关于altmetrics的理论思想和研究共识,以期对我国的altmetrics研究带来启示。[方法/过程]采取多种信息检索方法,如网络检索、博客跟踪、浏览会议网站的方法,查找国内外相关信息,考察altmetrics的早期理论假说、术语提出的方式和过程;引介和分析国外专家的研究共识;研究我国相关的期刊论文和博客文章,总结国内altmetrics的研究现状与问题。[结果/结论]研究发现,国外专家普遍认为altmetrics是对传统引文方法的补充,而不是替代;altmetrics测量的是科学研究的关注度和影响力,而不一定是科学研究的质量;altmetrics应该重新命名为"alternative indicators";传统引文评价方法存在的引文动机、发表时间、学科和地域差异等问题在altmetrics评价中仍然存在。因此,在用altmetrics指标进行评价的过程中,不能仅观察altmetrics应用工具提供的数字,还要考察数据源的类型、具体评价内容,最后通过定量和定性评价方法相结合做出正确的判断。我国altmetrics的相关研究虽然发展迅速,但与国际研究水平仍有较大差距。     

不忘初心行稳致远

中国的科技期刊曾经不缺独立和自信,但目前科技期刊改革的步伐太急且对期刊的期望值过高,尤其是太过于重视外文期刊而忽视中文期刊,因此提出只有不忘办刊的初心,方能戒急用忍、行稳致远.     

科技学术期刊的版面:层次·功能·设计

基于科技学术期刊版式设计的现状,以讨论版面层次为切入点,阐述版面层次的构成、功能及设计原则.认为版面设计应以学术论文构成要件作为层次的设计元素,突出版面的"层次性".     

我国数据库产业的现状、问题及对策

我国的数据库产业存在着规模小,上网数据少、商品化程度低,缺乏市场意识、重复建库严重、全文数据库少、标准化程度低,兼容性差,重视硬件建设,软件投入不足,政府监管不力、维护不及时,待建栏目多等问题。发展对策是:数据库经营的商业化、市场化;数据库产业的法律化、规范化;数据库经费的正常化,制度化;数据库企业的现代化、品牌化;数据库标准的科学化,统一化。     

RDA、FRBR和BIBFRAME的最新进展：2013年ALA年会参会笔记

笔者参加了今年在美国芝加哥举行的2013年ALA年会（ALA Annua lConference2013）。文章根据笔者所参加的关于RDA、FRBR和BIBFRAME的相关会场的讨论,以及会场上所提到的研究进展,对上述三个领域在最近一段时间内的发展动态进行扫描。     

软件、格式与风险管理

本文指出当前影响数字信息保存与共享的主要障碍是软件与格式;作为数字信息共享与长期保存的一项技术方案,格式变换是有风险的.为此,作者提出风险管理方案,试图通过风险评测与管理措施来控制与缩小格式变换的风险,使该技术方案切实可行.     

我国图书馆现行评估制度:理论、问题、建议

本文从经济学角度分析了图书馆评估制度确立的理论依据，简要地介绍了我国现行的图书馆评估制度，指出了其存在的主要问题，提出了完善这一制度的四点建议。     

Public Library,c 1926

Alice D. Donovan, teacher, poet and author, published dozens of stories and plays for children. Among her papers is this unpublished poem about the public library, probably written in 1926.     

Librarians Grading: Giving A's,B's,C's,D's,and F's

SUMMARY

The authors will discuss two innovative methods of increasing the teaching roles of librarians by designing and grading assignments that count towards students' final grades.

One of the authors has expanded her teaching role on campus by being involved in the development of Virginia Tech's First-Year Seminar. She participates in the design of lesson plans and serves as a facilitator for one of the fourteen sections. This includes all of the professor roles: meeting with the class once a week, working with the Student Teaching Assistant, assigning and grading assignments, holding office hours, facilitating class discussions, and dealing with course management and grading issues.

The other author is integrated within a junior-level course with at least four contacts with the students. Three training sessions include hands-on practice in the database and in-class and homework assignments. The six assignments are 15% of the final grade in the course. The author has total control of this segment of the course: design of the assignments, teaching of the courses, grading of the assignments, and dealing with grading issues.

The authors find that these expanded roles lead to deeper relationships with the teaching faculty and the students, due to the increased involvement.     

俄罗斯传媒的职业道德规范、自律组织与实践

本文探讨了俄罗斯传媒职业道德规范的形成与现状、自律组织及其实践情况。本文认为,目前俄罗斯传媒在职业道德方面存在的诸多问题远不是靠一些成文的职业道德规范和自律组织就能得到解决的,它还与整个社会的发展进程密切相关。     

《图书馆论坛》2002-2003年来稿、载文、作者和引文统计分析

对《图书馆论坛》2002—2003年的来稿、载文、作者和引文进行数据统计与分析，提出了进一步提高《图书馆论坛》质量的若干措施。     

XIth World Congress of the International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists/2005 Biennial Conference of the United States Agricultural Information Network,Radisson Plaza Hotel,Lexington, KY,May 16–18, 2005

ABSTRACT

The author reviews the XIth World Congress of the International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists/2005 Biennial Conference of the United States Agricultural Information Network held in Lexington, KY, in May 2005     

Local TV,Localism, and Service Agreements

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) uses three principles to regulate the broadcast industry in the United States: competition, diversity, and localism. The least studied of which is localism. As the management and ownership of local TV stations becomes more consolidated, the author examines what effect, if any, that consolidation has on the presentation of local content on television newscasts.     

Spam: Its past,present, and future

In this article, the author describes the history of spam as one of the negative impacts of the development of information technologies, its volume in e-mail traffic over the last 15 years, the types of spam, its thematic varieties, and the top spam-source countries. Ananalysis is given of the software and legal tools and methods used to fight spam.     

Collecting Modernist Works on Paper at Columbia,Cornell, and the New York Public Library: Past and Present

The author discusses his past (1998) and more recent (2015) work on documenting the holdings of the historic collections of East Slavic Modernist imprints at the New York Public Library and Columbia University, providing a brief account explaining what makes the NYPL collections so unique. The author then takes the narrative forward, to more recent and ongoing efforts at Columbia and Cornell to build holdings of both Slavic and non-Slavic interwar Modernist imprints, most especially from Central and Eastern Europe, including Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, and Romania.