Prospects for the application of scientometric methods for forecasting

Forecasting studies, which are conducted in all the developed economies of the world, are one of the fastest growing applications of scientometrics. Currently, in Russia there is a formed state Technology Foresight System, which creates a new format for the future development of research and for interaction among the key players in the national innovation system. Considering the new institutional environment of forecasting projects in Russia and the international trends in the relevant research environments, scientometric methods for the monitoring, analysis, and forecasting of the development of science and technology are identified as one of the most important methods. Specific demands and trends, which will soon have a substantial impact on the entire area of scientometrics, are formulated.     

近年俄罗斯信息法研究概况

从近些年俄罗斯丰富的信息法学术研究论著、各种信息法学术会议和高校信息法课程培训教育情况入手,介绍了俄罗斯对信息法的理论探讨、学术交流和培训教育的概况,分析俄罗斯信息法的研究内容和研究特点,期望对我国信息法研究具有启示和借鉴作用。     

The Open-Access System of Journals and Its Use by Russian Scientists According to the Statistics of Web of Science (2008–2017)

The review of the research of the Open-Access system of journals and its advantages and disadvantages are presented. The bibliometric analysis was carried out for the array of Russian papers published in the journals of the Gold Open Access system and reflected in the SCI-E database for 2008–2017. The results of the analysis of the publication activity showed that, despite the high payments for papers, there was a steady increase in the share of Russian publications in such journals compared to the overall publication activity of Russia: from 7.8% in 2008 to 13.7% in 2017. This is largely due to active international cooperation of Russian organizations with funding agencies from the United States (31%), Germany (29%), and other industrialized countries. Analysis of the array of Gold OA publications in large research areas made it possible to establish a significant difference in its structure compared to the general array of publications in Russia. As an example, the most important scientific field in the world, Research Area Scientific Technologies, was ranked the third in comparison with the ninth rank in the general array.russian scientists widely use high-quality foreign journals of the Gold OA system, which includes one Russian journal, Solid State Physics.     

俄罗斯信息立法理论与实践探析

从世界范围内来看,俄罗斯在信息立法方面的研究成果和实践进展不及欧美等发达国家卓有成效,但是俄罗斯曾经对我国政治、经济和文化产生过特殊影响,以俄罗斯作为研究对象,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。从理论探讨、立法实践两个方面入手,系统梳理俄罗斯近十年信息立法研究的相关文献,分析和总结俄罗斯信息立法的特点和规律及其对我国信息立法研究的启示。     

Content Analysis of Mediated Associations: An Automated Text-Analytic Approach

Due to the fact that mediated associations are a central aspect of many mass communication theories, their measurement is of central interest for communication research. Mediated associations are defined as the repeated pairing of an object (e.g., social group, political party) with specific attributes (e.g., crime, economy). In this article, we introduce a recently developed, automated text-analytic technique. We present an application of this method in the media stereotyping domain via the content analysis of German news coverage of Islam. As predicted, the analysis revealed substantial mediated associations between Islam-related concepts and violence (e.g., “Koran + violence”), terror (e.g., “Islam + terror”), dehumanization (e.g., “Muslims + animal-related terms”), and general negativity (valence). We discuss the promises and pitfalls of this method, make software suggestions, and provide application-related information for speedy dissemination in communication research.     

The problems associated with the evaluation of world-class competitiveness of Russia’s science, as illustrated by clinical medicine

The main vectors for reforming Russia??s scientific-technological and innovative spheres, which are reflected in program documents that were adopted in late 2011 and early 2012, are discussed in the article. The authors propose to formalize the concepts that were used in these documents, such as world-class research competence and world-leading science and technology sectors. Using the Field Normalized Citation Score (NCSf) as a bibliometric indicator for the analysis of different research areas of Russia??s clinical medicine, the authors show the degree of variance between individual research areas within the same national subject field in terms of their correspondence to world-class excellence. The authors also emphasize the necessity of developing Russia??s national methodology for auditing Russian science, which will take its Russian-language segment into account where the world??s recognized methodologies are not always adequately applicable.     

Islamophobia in China: news coverage,stereotypes, and Chinese Muslims’ perceptions of themselves and Islam

An analysis spanning 10 years of news reports about Muslims and Islam in Chinese state news media (N?=?15,427) demonstrates that Chinese news reports project an overall negative view of Muslims. An implicit association test performed in the non-Muslim Chinese population (N?=?1479) reveals negative stereotypes of Muslims. In addition, a survey of Chinese Muslims (N?=?384) shows that they perceive negative coverage of Muslims and Islam in Chinese media, and that real-life discrimination might be a consequence of such negative stereotyping. This study reveals that (1) there is an overall negative framing of news coverage of Muslims and Islam; (2) non-Muslim Chinese hold a negative stereotype of Muslims and Islam; (3) Chinese Muslims are cognizant of a negative media portrayal of Islam and of themselves; and (4) some Muslim Chinese experience discrimination in their daily lives. The present study contributes to the literature on global Islamophobia, a phenomenon that is understudied in China.     

俄罗斯的阅读立法及其阅读推广实践

论文介绍了俄罗斯开展阅读立法的背景,分析了俄罗斯《国家支持与发展阅读纲要》的内容特点,认为我国全民阅读促进立法应当借鉴俄罗斯的立法经验,随后简要探讨了俄罗斯进行阅读立法之后,其国内相关机构团体的阅读推广实践.     

Jihad Against Infidels and Democracy: A Frame Analysis of Jihadist Ideology and Jurisprudence for Martyrdom and Violent Jihad

Since 9/11, scholars have devoted much attention to investigating the rhetoric of President George W. Bush, and other Western leaders for its ostensive distancing of Arab Muslims and its binary polarization of Islam and democracy. Additionally, researchers have explored the mechanisms by which the news media frame reporting and perceptions of radical Islamic terrorism. Of significant noteworthiness is the visible absence of scholarly research investigating the writings, pronouncements, or communiqués of the proponents of jihadism. This study sought to address this gap by exploring two written documents with authorship attributed to Ayman al-Zawahiri that focused on Islam's relationship with democracy and the jurisprudence for jihad. Coding of the two documents involved both a deductive a priori general frame categorization, along with an inductive grounded-theory approach to identify specific framing devices. The findings indicate that Zawahiri tended to frame democracy as an apostate religion that competes with Islam and therefore, must be destroyed, while likewise framing jihad and martyrdom as sacrosanct obligations for all Muslims.     

Information management systems in Science

This paper reviews a variety of information systems that support the organization of scientific research in Russia. The quantitative analysis of such systems is performed and duplicate functionality is revealed. Possible integration of the data that are collected by various portals within the “Map of Russian Science” project in order to compile information about all of the research activities in Russia according to the categories applied by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science for decision making is explored. Such an approach will help to overcome the fragmentation of information that is collected onsite and to reduce the bureaucratic burden on scientists that is related to the application for funding and reporting.     

俄罗斯数字图书馆理论与实践评述

俄罗斯数字图书馆进展, 在经历了“概念阶段”、“务实阶段”后, 步入数字化信息资源库建设阶段和数字图书馆技术、研究、选择和实施阶段, 即将面临数字化图书馆的综合性研究阶段。     

国家达尔文博物馆与俄罗斯自然历史博物馆协会

创建于1907年的国家达尔文博物馆是俄罗斯历史最悠久的自然历史博物馆之一,由亚历山大·科茨等四人共同创办,该馆每年为不同的观众举办50~60个不同主题的展览。在国家达尔文博物馆中设立的俄罗斯自然历史博物馆协会发挥着联系俄罗斯各自然历史博物馆的作用。     

Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853-1920): Daughter of Emperor Alexander II

ABSTRACT

The present article describes the life of the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920) through the correspondence with her parents: the Emperor of Russia Alexander II, the Empress and close friends. The accent is on Grand Duchess’s life in Great Britain after her marriage in 1874 to Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900), second son of the Queen Victoria but also about her life in the Duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha after 1893 with frequent visits to her family in Russia. The letters give us important information about the Grand Duchess’s life, her children, and her social contacts with political and diplomatic circles of the period.     

俄罗斯传媒法评述

20世纪80年代末90年代初,苏联-俄罗斯传媒领域开始发生变革。一年之内(1990-1991),俄国连续出现了两部新闻传媒法。随后的转型中,传媒立法方兴未艾,原本一片空白的俄罗斯传媒法领域很快初具规模,形成了系统而有序的传媒法律基础。本文描述俄罗斯传媒法形成的历史背景,介绍俄罗斯传媒法系统的基本结构,分析法律基础对俄罗斯传媒变革的作用,指出传媒法的不足以及在运用中出现的问题。     

基于WCAG 2.0的国家图书馆可访问性评价研究

在回顾与评价图书馆网站可访问性评价研究的基础上,选取6个国家图书馆网站,利用Achecker工具,根据WCAG 2.0 Level A标准对网站首页和二级页面进行可访问性评价。结果发现：6个国家图书馆的708个测评网页的总体通过率为43.6%,其中：法国国家图书馆网页通过率最好;我国与俄罗斯国家图书馆在可访问性达标方面与其他国家存在一定差距;6个国家图书馆在网页可访问性达标方面存在共性错误。在此基础上,从制度完善、图书馆网站开发与管理、网页设计规范等方面就我国图书馆网站可访问性水平提升问题提出对策和建议。     

Travel Report: Moscow,St. Petersburg,and Vladimir Province,Russia August 31–September 14, 2011

The article describes a research trip to Russia in September 2011. Activities focused on three Russian collections at the Library of Congress: the Iudin Collection, the Prokudin-Gorskii Photograph Collection, and the Russian Imperial Collection.     

应当重视对俄罗斯、东欧图书馆学的研究

我国的一些优秀图书馆学专家的学术成就证明 ,有中国特色的高水平的研究 ,必须广泛借鉴东西方的学术传统 ,否则 ,将导致学术研究中的片面性和片断性 ,难以形成完整的学术体系和科学思想。参考文献 8。     

Notes Towards a Complete Taxonomy of Murkiness: Publishing in Russia

An overview of publishing in Russia based on interviews conducted since 2010 with multiple professionals inside the industry, including Oleg Novikov, CEO of Eksmo, the largest publisher in the country; Julia Goumen, prominent agent; Vladimir Kharitonov, expert on digital; and Boris Akunin, multi-million selling author. Global issues are discussed in a country-specific context, ranging from piracy, to Russia’s endemic problems with distribution, the challenges posed by digital, the lack of foreign investment and the many murky and gray areas that bedevil doing business in the country, particularly when it comes to book pricing and reporting sales. Also discussed is the idea that due to the habitual state of crisis since 1991, Russia has in some ways acted as an outlier for crises now affecting developed Western markets. Finally the decline of reading is also addressed—long a source of anxiety in post-Soviet Russia, and now a statistical reality.