Media,War, and Propaganda: Strategies of Information Management During the 2003 Iraq War

It is now widely acknowledged that the Bush administration used faulty and false information to justify the 2003 war on Iraq, and that the mainstream media, by not adequately investigating the case for war, assisted with the project. In this paper, I outline the particular strategies employed by the media–military industrial complex to ensure a dominance of pro-war arguments in the public sphere. I conclude by arguing that the failure of the media in the US to meet the democratic needs of this society places enormous responsibility on intellectuals to produce scholarship critical of the new imperialism.     

对外宣传基层路线的经验、理论与策略研究

在"一带一路"和"中非合作"的背景下,"第四世界"是我国当前对外传播工作的重要对象."第四世界"本身落后贫乏的媒介生态,要求我们在对其进行外宣活动时,应当探索出不同于驻外媒体、孔子学院等正式平台的其他机制.本文根据马拉维录像厅和新中国初期读报组这两种基层媒介实践,提出我们在对"第四世界"进行国家形象传播时,可以将"群众...     

Embedded Reporting During the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq: How the Embedding of Journalists Affects Television News Reports

This study compared embedded and nonembedded (unilateral) television news coverage during the invasion and the occupation of Iraq. Content analysis was conducted of ABC, CBS, NBC, and CNN news during the invasion and during the occupation examining whether embedded and nonembedded news reports were different and, if so, how. The results revealed that compared to nonembedded reports, embedded network television news stories were more favorable in overall tone toward the military, more favorable in depictions of military personnel, and featured greater use of episodic frames which, as a result, elicited somewhat more positive relational cues. In addition, the results indicated that compared to network news coverage of the occupation, news stories of the invasion were more positive in tone and employed more episodic framing.     

高校图书馆宣传工作实践思考

阐述了高校图书馆宣传工作的重要性,对高校图书馆宣传工作的现状进行分析,从图书馆宣传工作的内容、对象和宣传方式等方面对高校图书馆的宣传工作进行论述。     

Expanding the Scope of Instructional Communication Research: Looking Beyond Classroom Contexts

The bulk of instructional communication research to date examines communication among teachers and students in conventional classroom contexts. Although past and present research is prolific and informative, it is also somewhat limiting. With a specific unifying focus on affective, cognitive, and behavioral learning as outcome variables, we begin this article with a brief history of instructional communication research, as well as examples of research and practice in conventional classroom settings. We then outline, review, and explain four distinct contexts where we believe future instructional communication research and practice is likely to be fruitful: risk and crisis situations, technology-enhanced environments, digital games, and forensics education.     

意识形态的图腾抑或失效——关于两部二战宣传电影传播效果的比较分析

本文比较了两部二战时期著名的宣传电影——德国纳粹的《意志的胜利》以及美国政府投资拍摄的《我们为何而战》在传播策略和传播效果方面的差异。进而指出,文本是否具有感性魅惑的特质、受众是否具有鲜明的自我主体意识以及感性还是理性策略的使用成为决定电影宣传效果的三个重要因素。而电影技术无疑是客观中立的,从这个意义上说,技术决定论具有明显的理论缺陷。     

认知传播学的研究路径与发展策略

认知传播学以“认知”作为新的理论框架与方法工具,是近年来传播学科进行内部自我反思所诞生的重要议题.由于认知科学多样化理论脉络之影响,不同传播研究者在引介过程中依据其各自偏向,呈现出结构交叠的知识背景.从认知传播学目前的对话进展来看,主要已形成本土化、交叉化、细分化、实验室以及科学化五大进入路径.考量认知传播学未来建设,需要厘清如何继承与拓展传播学在认知研究方面的前期优势,并通过为其他学科提供呼应支持,提升在不同社会科学领域的被容纳程度;同时,也应当重新检视认知科学为学科理论框架建构带来的挑战.除此之外,认知传播的平台建设与科技层面实践亦是后续不容忽视的基础面向.     

Self-Help Books About Communication and the Communication Course: An Exercise in Assessing Popular Notions of Communication Using Theory

Objective: The objective of this activity is to help students evaluate practical advice about communication with theories of communication

Applicable courses: This activity can be adopted by a variety of different communication courses including: persuasion, interpersonal (family, gender, and/or intercultural), organizational or small-group communication, and other communication courses     

Communication Forms as Predictors of Issue Knowledge in Presidential Campaigns: A Meta-Analytic Assessment

Theory and past research argue for the importance of understanding the effect of various campaign communication forms (e.g., newspapers, television news, radio, debates, candidate advertising, and personal discussions) on levels of issue knowledge (IK). This study used a meta-analytic approach to examine how well these forms predict IK. The aggregate analysis indicates that any of these forms can affect IK but that the different forms are not equally successful. Findings also indicate that the level of campaign interest moderates the effect of reading newspapers and watching television news and that those who watch debates in years with incumbents are less likely to learn. In addition, studies of newspapers are less likely to find significant effects in recent years, even though the issue content of newspapers has increased. The findings also suggest that television news is more likely to influence IK when levels of issue content are greater. These data indicate that measures of media use and IK can systematically influence the study results. Several conclusions are drawn from the research in the hopes of moving toward a theoretical model of communication forms and the attainment of IK.     

论卡通形象的传播策略

作为一种传播符号,卡通形象具有视听呈现具体可感、文化构成预先设定等特征。在传播过程中,通过整合卡通形象传播模式,综合运用各种传播策略,有利于打造并维护有持久生命力的卡通形象。     

The Influence of Communication Context on Political Cognition in Presidential Campaigns: A Geospatial Analysis

Due to targeting strategies employed by political campaigns, campaign intensity is not uniform across the whole country. This study investigates how an individual's communication context, defined by geospatial characteristics created by campaigns, would influence his or her political learning. Data for this study come from three separate studies conducted during the 2000 U.S. presidential election. The results from a series of multilevel modeling analyses indicate that contextual-level political advertising and candidate appearances moderate the relationship between newspaper use and political knowledge, and the relationship between political discussion and political knowledge. This study not only demonstrates that conditional communication effects hinge on geospatial factors but also helps to develop contextual theories of communication that specifically address effects of contextual factors and cross-level interactions.     

Testing Equivalence in Communication Research: Theory and Application

Although equivalence testing is preferred when a researcher's goal is to support the null hypothesis (i.e., no substantial effect), equivalence tests are virtually unknown and unused in the communication field. This article provides the rationale for and theoretical background of equivalence testing and offers examples of equivalence tests for the independent and dependent groups t-test and tests of association using Pearson's coefficient or correlation. From a review of meta-analyses, we provide tables of commonly observed effect-sizes across subdisciplines and topic areas in communication and offer these as a guideline for choosing minimum substantial effects (Δ) in equivalence testing when no other information source is available. To facilitate the adoption of equivalence tests in future research, we provide easy-to-use custom dialogs for SPSS which greatly simplify their computation and application.     

析经典管理理论中的“档案”要素——兼及档案作为管理要素的“双元价值”分析

管理思想史家丹尼尔·A·雷恩指出:"管理或行政管理意味着在知识的基础上行使控制."[1]在我看来,这种知识首先表现为关于组织的记录和保存--"档案",档案便是这样一种以信息为其用以工具为其体(即愚所谓"档案双元价值")的管理文明的产物,恰能很好地实现"在知识的基础上行使控制"的管理目标.     

论儒家的和谐传播理论

“和谐”成为中国传统文化核心的概念之一,体现了中国传统文化的内在精神和显著特征,也成为传播、交流的终极目标。儒家和谐传播的理论关注入自身的和谐、人际的和谐、人与社会的和谐以及人与自然的和谐,提出了一系列和谐传播的理念。可以说,儒家关于和谐传播的理念是中国传播理论对国际传播理论的重大贡献。     

Visual Framing of the Early Weeks of the U.S.-Led Invasion of Iraq: Applying the Master War Narrative to Electronic and Print Images

A content analysis of 1,822 images from U.S. mainstream media—network and cable television news outlets, news Web sites, newspapers, and news magazines—revealed that the visual framing of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 shifted from conflict to human interest. During the campaign's first 5 weeks, 5 distinct scenarios—shock and awe, conquering troops, hero, victory, and control—often coalesced around iconic images and supported a “master war narrative” identified by other scholars. These visual frames reflected a government-promoted patriotic perspective seen in media content at the outset of previous U.S. wars, from the Civil War through the Gulf War.     

大学图书馆IC空间规划与建设：理论基础、构建模式与实施策略

在论述信息共享空间（IC）实现目标和构成模型的基础上,从物理环境、虚拟环境、人文环境建设和IC内部组织管理、人员培训以及服务质量评价诸方面讨论了未来我国高校图书馆IC规划与建设的构建模式与实施策略及其注意的问题。     

略论新世纪的全球传播格局

本文简要阐述了自第二次世界大战以来,国际上先后形成的关于全球传播格局的理论,如依附理论、文化帝国主义理论、媒介帝国主义理论、世界系统理论和关于建立世界新闻传播新秩序的斗争等,分析了这些理论的主要特征及其存在的各种不足和缺陷。