THE REAL MISSION OF THE BUREAU

Education is a profession. It is unique in that most people believe they have a handle on what education should be. Education is the only profession for whom the service recipient believes himself to be as knowledgeable as the service provider. In Jewish education, this may be compounded to the extent that parents of the service recipient remember a negative experience in Hebrew school.     

DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND EXCLUSIONS FROM SCHOOLS: REDEFINING AND RESPONDING TO THE PROBLEM

Behaviourally challenging pupils are a permanent feature of the education culture in the United Kingdom. The realisation that this is not a temporary phenomenon is an important ‘re‐definition’. The problem should be seen as part of normal provision.

Permanent exclusions from school are rising. Causes of behaviour leading to exclusion should not be assumed to originate within the child. Re‐definition requires recognition of their difficulties.

’Market economy’ and stretched resources militate against the ability of schools to implement recommended measures. There are issues for decision‐makers at all levels including targeting resources. Projects show exclusion is costly and damaging. The funding of preventative schemes would enable teachers to teach and not deny pupils their educational rights.     

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ILLUSTRATED ITEMS

Two problems in test development relate to the use of illustrations: (1) Do illustrated items perform better than written items, and (2) Does item performance vary as a function of the type and size of the illustration? A sample of 63 tests was drawn from all the Air Force Specialty Knowledge Tests containing illustrations. These 63 tests had been administered to approximately 28,261 airmen under operational conditions. Item statistics between illustrated and written items drawn from the same content areas were compared using F ratios. The results indicated: (1) That illustrated items in general performed slightly better than matched written items; (2) That the best-performing category of illustrated items was tables.     

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENGINEERING DEGREE COURSES

Statements from the engineering institutions and educational authorities agree that, in higher education, the acquisition of specific knowledge and technical proficiency must go hand in hand with the stimulation of inquiry and the encouragement of independent judgement and critical appraisal. It is argued that the present structure of engineering degree courses, involving around 25 contact hours per week and an emphasis on assignments which have a clearly defined correct answer, encourages the adoption of a surface approach to learning which militates against the achievement of these aims. It is suggested that the overall workload in engineering courses should be reduced and that more emphasis should be placed on relatively open‐ended assignments. Possible means of achieving this are discussed.     

形状不规则催化剂的效率因子计算

利用分形维数定量表征催化剂的形状不规则程度 ,对其中进行的气 -固相催化反应进行了分析计算 .计算结果表明 ,催化剂的形状越不规则 ,催化剂的外表面分形维数越高 ,在相同反应条件下 ,催化剂的利用率越高 .同时给出了适用于形状不规则催化剂的通用 Thiele模数 .计算结果还表明 ,分形维数只影响通用 Thiele模数的数值 ,但在相同的通用Thiele模数下 ,催化剂具有相同的效率因子     

THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL TELEVISION

Following a five‐year experimental program, the authors report a consistent tendency for live lectures to yield significantly higher attainment than videotapes of live lectures, and for the latter to be more effective in turn than studio‐produced videotapes; the results, by their very nature, preclude the probable responsibility of production techniques. They are replicated with different types of subject matter, and, with certain material, persist over time. Student attitudes towards yidiotapes, whether favourable or not, tend to intensify during a series of tapes     

COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TV PRODUCTION VARIABLES

This article initially considers varied categories that previous authors have formulated either for survey compilations or studies of television and related media production variable effects. A revised classification is developed from investigations confined specifically to television; extensive review is given to research conducted within the various divisions. Practical implications emerging from the residue of “interpretable” studies are extended to television production teams and suggestions are made for continued research activity.     

ASSESSING TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

>An investigation is reported which tests the applicability of two American instruments designed to assess tertiary students’ evaluations of teaching effectiveness with 111 Indian graduate students. The scales were found to have generally high internal consistency reliability coefficients, most of the items were seen to be appropriate, and every item was considered of importance by at least some of the students. In addition, all but the Workload/Difficulty items clearly differentiated between ‘good’ and ‘poor’ lecturers. Further analysis generally supported the convergent and discriminant validity of those scales hypothesised to measure similar or dissimilar components of effective teaching. However, this analysis did indicate more overlap between aspects of teaching skill and enthusiasm than evident in Western studies. Factor analysis confirmed this finding as a strong main factor of teaching effectiveness plus minor factors referring to specific aspects of teaching were obtained.     

EFFECTIVENESS OF USING GAMES IN TERTIARY-LEVEL MATHEMATICS CLASSROOMS

The primary focus of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of games when used in tertiary-level mathematics classes in the United Arab Emirates. Our study incorporated a mixed-method approach that involved surveys (to assess students?? perceptions of the learning environment and attitudes towards mathematics), interviews, observations of classes and narrative stories. A sample of 90 students from 3 tertiary-level institutions in Abu Dhabi participated in the study. In-depth qualitative data provided information about the introduction and use of games in mathematics. A narrative, based on classroom observations of students playing Jeopardy!-type mathematics games, provided insights into games in action in the classrooms. The data were analysed to examine students?? interactions during the games and to triangulate, clarify and explain students?? responses to the learning environment and attitude questionnaires. To examine pre?Cpost differences in students perceptions of the learning environment and their attitudes, 2 questionnaires were administered to students before and after the introduction of games. Pre?Cpost differences for 3 of the 6 learning environment scales (Teacher Support, Involvement, Personal Relevance) and both attitude scales (Enjoyment of Mathematics Lessons and Academic Efficacy scales) were statistically significant. Information obtained from interviews with students and teachers were used to explain the pre?Cpost differences.     

CURRICULUM ALIGNMENT AS A MEANS FOR IMPROVING INSTITUTION EFFECTIVENESS

All educational and training institutions are concerned with the improvement of instruction which in turn should result in improved institutional effectiveness. If the curriculum of an institution is viewed as a statement of work for that institution, the teachers have a professional obligation to teach from the written curriculum. In many cases curriculum can be considered written, taught, and tested. The written curriculum is that which is found in courses of study that have gone through institutional committees for approval. The taught curriculum is what the teacher actually presents to the members of the class. The testec curriculum is what is tested or evaluated by tests, assignments, term papers, practical work, and other requirements as stated in the course of study or by the teacher. Curriculum alignment is the term used to indicate that the written curriculum is in fact the curriculum that is tested or evaluated at the end of the course.     

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLOUR IN LEARNING FROM EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION

The author reviews recent research comparing both the relative learning gains and relative attitudes of students using colour or monochrome television material. It is concluded that all users of educational television should resist the temptation to spend large sums on colour television equipment merely because colour is now widely preferred by society at large.     

团队环境中员工的效能感研究

笔者阐述了团队环境中员工的自我效能感和集体效能感概念,分析了二者之间的关系;影响员工效能感的信息源主要有:自己的成败经历、他人的替代经验、口头劝说和他人的评价;团队环境中员工的效能感常常通过工作满意感、工作任务、工作目标等中间变量影响个体或者团队工作绩效的高低。     

METHOD AND EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INDIVIDUALIZED EXERCISE OF FUNDAMENTAL MATHEMATICS

This article describes a method used to provide mathematics students in colleges of engineering in Japan with supplementary exercises to aid in their learning. The impact of this effort is also described. An online support function enables instructional personnel to individualize the exercise for students whose abilities vary widely. Individualizing exercises helps students to understand a mathematical method used to solve a problem and also the mathematical idea or concept upon which the method is based. The program described here consists of activities that supplement those in the regular lesson. They are designed to help those students who failed to meet certain course objectives or to solve the problems given in the lesson. Students using the individualized program are allowed to select the problems from among the problem exercises available based on the course objectives that they have not yet satisfied. The online support function of the learning environment that the authors developed assists teaching personnel in the otherwise time-consuming preparation of individualizing these activities. Students determine how well they did on the objectives in the regular lesson by visting the Web page for the course. Information is provided on the impact of the activities on student performance in a fundamental mathematics course in the authors college.     

内蒙古企业员工招聘有效性研究

招聘工作是人力资源系统的输入环节，对于任何企业来说都十分重要。基于成本效益观念，员工招聘有效性的高低取决于招聘产生的直接及间接收益与招聘所付出的直接成本及由于招聘失误所隐含的风险成本。内蒙古地区属于经济欠发达地区，企业在招聘的初级市场上竞争力较弱，难以吸引优秀的人才，同时企业招聘管理工作本身也存在诸多问题。对于内蒙古的企业来说，只有立足于本地区人才资源的开发，转变招聘观念。合理确定人才评价标准，并做好人力资源管理的基础工作，才能提高员工招聘的有效性，增强企业的竞争力。     

数据挖掘技术在税务系统数据分析上的应用

本文主要介绍了巢湖市地税局税务系统的系统结构和关键技术.该系统主要运用数据仓库、ETL、数据挖掘等关键技术.     

MAINTAINING EFFECTIVENESS AMID DOWNSIZING AND DECLINE IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The amount of cutback, downsizing, and decline in U.S. higher education is at unprecedented levels and equals the prevalence of downsizing in the corporate sector. Because the consequence of downsizing in the private sector is often negative, the question arises: Does financial decline and downsizing in higher education also lead to organizational ineffectiveness? This study of 334 colleges and universities found that institutions with declining resources are as effective as institutions with abundant resources. Institutions that develop attributes labeled "the dirty dozen," however, perform less effectively. Implications for managing under conditions of fiscal stress are discussed.