A Corpus-based Comparative Analysis of Temporal Prepositions“In-On-At”

Prepositions“in, on, at”can be used as spatial prepositions as well as temporal prepositions. The temporal usages of“in, on, at”vary from each other in indicating different concepts of time. ESL stud...     

Education experienced by foreign-born faculty whose native countries have undergone major socio-economical changes

Three professors of education reflected on education in their countries of origin, and compare their education with learning, teaching and the education in the United States. The three countries represented are China prior to the political and economical reforms starting from 1979, Iran prior to the Islamic Republic of 1979, and the Russian Federation of the Former Soviet Union prior to the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Certain aspects of education such as the curriculum, pedagogy, length of schooling, methods of teaching, the textbooks, and priorities and goals of schooling in each country are discussed. This article is a comparison of the educational system of each country with the American educational system as well as among the three countries. The article concludes with each author offering some ideas on how the American educational system might benefit from the experience of the other countries.     

On Similarities and Differences between Relative Pronouns in Relative Clauses

This paper,in two installments,attempts to clarify the finer points in the similarities and differences in the usage of relative pronouns,who,that and which,while they are in relative clauses.They are illustrated and justified with examples.The paper,through the comparison of the usages of who,that and which,has shown their similarities and differences from one another.It will enable us to master their usages and help us in studying relative clauses.     

The Motivation in Meaning Extension of Spatial Words

Based on the cognitive semantic framework, the present paper explores the motivation that lies in meaning extension by making a contrast between the usages of on, above, and over. The result shows that the different ways of meaning extension of similar spatial words are related to their differences in spatial usage.     

A Glimpse of American Society through the American TV Drama Series "the Desperate Housewives"

The paper presents an analytical study on the American society through a popular American drama series "the Desperate House Wives". Typical American values can be found everywhere on the show as they have been ingrained in the soul of the American people. As a nation with not very long history but great achievements, its people are the one that should be highlighted. Unlike China, the nation of which have formed since thousands of years ago, so has its culture, America’s history is an immigration history. People started migrating from other parts of the world since the 17 thcentury and gathered at the land of America to build up their new homes and realize their dreams. They influence each other and fuse with each other. America is one of the countries in the world that plural cultures successfully mix together.The paper focuses on the American people’s daily life to explain to the readers the American traits and values prevailing in their society. Except the Foreword which is the general introduction to the paper, this paper is presented in five parts. The first part to the forth part are the emphasis of the paper which respectively analyze the American traits and values. A series of vivid examples are provided with a wide range of study objects, man and woman, kids to elders, in hope of making the paper understandable and persuasive. It is expected that the study can offer a general idea to the people who are interested in the American society and its people.     

Analysis of synonymous codon usage and evolution of begomoviruses

Begomoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses and cause severe diseases in major crop plants worldwide. Based on current genome sequence analyses, we found that synonymous codon usage variations in the protein-coding genes of begomoviruses are mainly influenced by mutation bias. Base composition analysis suggested that the codon usage bias of AV1 and BV1 genes is significant and their expressions are high. Fourteen codons were determined as translational optimal ones according to the comparison of codon usage patterns between highly and lowly expressed genes. Interestingly the codon usages between begomoviruses from the Old and the New Worlds are apparently different, which supports the idea that the bipartite begomoviruses of the New World might originate from bipartite ones of the Old World, whereas the latter evolve from the Old World monopartite begomoviruses.     

Regulating and Controlling the Rising Prices of Geographical Indication Products in Inflation——taking Geographical Indication Products from Chongqing as an Example

Since July 2010,the prices of geographical indication products have risen with the occurrence of inflation.In contrast with other products,geographical indication products are distinct.The increasing prices of geographical indication goods have their own necessities.From the perspective of the products,they are equipped with appreciation potential due to the cultural pe culiarities.From the historical standpoint,their prices have not been high as well as other agricultural products.Realistically,the increase in their prices results from the costs of labors and raw materials.Therefore,the prices of geographical indication products rise to catch up.Not only are their prices at a reasonable level,but also they are beneficial to increase peasants’income.In con clusion,it is necessary that the strategies which are different from those of other products be adopted to regulate and control the prices of geographical indication products.     

语言的性别差异及其成因(英文)

It is widely acknowledged that men and women are different from each other in their individuality,value image and status,which lead to the variations in their language styles and language uses.This thesis will mainly discuss the speech differences between men and women,differences between linguistic representations of men and women,and possible explanations on language differences related to gender.By analyzing these differences,we found that the different roles men and women play as well as the different status they enjoy are the main reasons of these differences.Language and social reality are closely connected.Language not only reflects reality but also helps to construct reality.The roles women play in the society as well as their social status foredoom their discriminated "famine" language.     

The Construction of General Principles about the Exemplification in the Electronic Learner’s Dictionary

Dictionary has many functions, in which the function of definition is of very importance because the main purpose of dictionary is providing the entry’s meaning information for the readers so that the readers can understand and use the entry-word and the realization of the purpose completely depends on lexicographical definition. However, the function of definition is limited, which need the exemplification to assist it. Therefore, the exemplification becomes very important, too. Good exemplification can assist definition, provide grammatical information, and supplement the information usage and so on. Many researches studied the exemplification of dictionary, its principles and so on. Dictionary changed much with the development of technology and many kinds of electronic dictionaries appeared. Few studies are involved with the new-type dictionary. Based on the general principles of the exemplification in a learner’s printed dictionary, it is necessary to construct the general principles about the exemplification in the electronic learner’s dictionary.     

Teacher and Student Roles in Chinese Culture

Nowaday, going abroad to further education has gained the greatest popularity among chinese students. Majority of these oversea students may suffer from some problems in their cross-cultural classrooms, even though they are excellent in their own country. Chinese learners are frequently labeled as"passive learners", compared with other foreign learners. The teachers in foreign countries may also play a sharply different role in teaching. These problems have already attracted some education experts and researchers’attention and a few research programs and experiments have been conducted. This paper will adopt Tweed and Lehman (2002)’s Confucian-Socratic framework to systematically analyze student and teacher roles in Chinese culture and communicative norms of the students and teachers in Chinese contexts. A better cross-clutural classroom will be built on the basis of foreign teachers and chinese students’mutual efforts on understanding each other’s culture background.     

Idiom and Its Cultural Differences between China and the West

The article mainly focuses on Chinese and English idioms and their cultural differences. Idioms exist in both Chinese and English, and they have been used frequently for a long time. Furthermore, idioms are fixed phrases extracted from language over long time of usage. Although they are formed in short phrases, for example idioms known as "成语" in Chinese, which has only have four or eight letters, their meanings are exuberant and connotative. Therefore, the analysis of the idiom’s usage and the cultural differences it reflects is significant to every language learner and translator.     

Politeness Language in English and Chinese

Politeness is a very important topic in modern linguistics. With the development of the study of linguistics, a lot of people lay the emphasis on the study of politeness language. It can be observed in all languages and cultures as a social phenomenon, which plays an important role in individuals’ linguistic behavior. But due to different culture, different politeness principles and other reasons, different peo ple have different understandings about the definition of politeness, and they deal with politeness in different ways. Through different study background, principle and theory, this paper focuses on the politeness language in English and Chinese culture caused the differences. Politeness languages are mainly expressed in the forms of address, greeting, congratulation, appreciation and apology . The biggest difference between English and Chinese is that the Chinese system is profusion and complicated, but the English one is quite simple. Age, income, marriage and religion, etc. are taboos in English and people in western countries like to talk about weather when they meet each other; greeting in Chinese almost includes different things about one’s life. Appreciation in Chinese is not used frequently. Peo ple do not often say "thank you" to their families or friends. Appreciation in English can be used among families, friends, and colleagues and so on. At the end of this thesis, a conclusion is drawn; limitations and some suggestions of the research are stated!     

Downtown Elementary School （DES）： The unique school that juxtaposes both magnet and professional development school （PDS） programs

The objective of this paper is to explore the operation of magnet and professional development school （PDS） programs in a real life situation using an ethnographic study of Downtown Elementary School （DES-a pseudonym） that simultaneously operates as a PDS and a magnet school. The author spent almost three years at DES, located in the Southern United States, collecting data through participant observation, interviewing, and document collection. The purpose is to provide answers to compelling questions such as： What does it mean to have both magnet and PDS programs operating simultaneously in the same school as in the case of DES？ What can be learned from the experiences of the unique school-DES？ The paper provides an outline of both magnet and PDS programs and their operations at DES and analyzes how these programs are interrelated and intertwined. Some of the outcomes indicate that DES is about the only school in its locality that juxtaposes two innovative school reform programs. These programs impede each other＇s progress sometimes and in some cases feed off each other. There is a lot to be learned from the unique experiences of DES. Coupled with other conclusions, the author concludes that, PDSs, as school restructuring projects are intertwined with magnet schools＇ reform activity which is motivated by the drive to provide equity of opportunity to learn, particularly for poor, minority and black students in mostly urban areas who are at a disadvantage for various reasons. The final section of the paper takes a critical look at the issues at stake through the lens of critical multiculturalism.     

Two Pitiless Men,One Dark World——A Reading of Chekhov’s“Enemies”

Chekhov’s"Enemies"describes two pitiful characters filled with enmities towards each other,and no one can prevail over another because of their absurdness and pettiness.The reading of this story reveals a dark world permeated with miseries,where no one can control himself and every is pitiable.And this kind of impression is mainly engendered by the writer’s con cerned narrating voice which are produced by constant usages of irony and inserted comments.     

微笑(英文)

Smile at each other, smile at your wife, smile at your husband, smile at your children, smile at each other-it doesn't matter who it is-and that will help you to grow up in greater love for each other. Mother TeresaMany Americans are familiar with The Little Prince, a wonderful book by Antoine de Saint-Exupery. This is a whimsical and fabulous book and works as a children's story as well as a thought-provoking adult fable. Far fewer are aware of Saint-Exupery's other writings, novels and short stories.Saint-Exupery was a fighter pilot who fought against the Nazis and was killed in action. Before World War Ⅱ, he fought in the Spanish Civil War against the fascists. He wrote a fascinating story based on that experience entitled The Smile( Le Sourire. )It is this story which I'd like to share with you now. It isn't clear whether or not he meant this to be autobiographical or fiction. I choose to believe it is the former.He said that he was captured by the enemy and thrown into a jail cell. He was sure that from the contemptuous looks and rough treatment he received from his jailers he would be executed the next day. From here, I'll tell the story as I remember it in my own words.     

Computational fluid dynamic simulation of an inter-phasing pulse tube cooler

An inter-phasing pulse tube cooler （IPPTC） consists of two pulse tube units, which are connected to each other at hot ends of the pulse tubes through a needle valve. This paper presents the computational fluid dynamic （CFD） results of an IPPTC using a 2D axis-symmetrical model. General results such as the phase difference between pressure and velocity at cold end and hot end, the temperature profiles along the wall, the available lowest temperature as well as its oscillations and the coefficient of performance （COP） for IPPTC are presented. The formation of DC flow and its effects on the performance of the cooler are investigated and analyzed in detail. Turbulence, which is partially responsible for the poor overall performance of a single orifice pulse tube cooler （OPTC）, is found to be much reduced in IPPTC and its performance is improved significantly compared with the single OPTC.     

心路历程--叛逆

Dear Friends,Some of our previous columns have been on serious themes. We havedelved into subjects like Love and Death and Ambition and Success. This ispretty heavy stuff. Now, it is time to let our imagination flow into fantasy.In America and in other western nations, every Chinese restaurant serves"fortune cookies" at the end of each meal. Inside each of these cookies is a small slipof paper with a brief message. It is customary for the diners to read their "fortunes"     

An Insight Into WBI

Web plays a more and more important role in modern education. People are taking the advantages of this technology to different degrees according to their various purposes, resources and targets. Nevertheless, while on the one hand web promotes teaching, it also brings some inconveniences on the other hand. In this essay I've analyzed the advantages of web as well as its disadvantages in teaching, aiming at its further improvement and better application in teaching.     

深爱着你

My grandparents were married for over half a century, and played their own special game from the time they had met each other. The goal of their game was to write the word"shmily" in a surprise place for the other to find. They took turns leaving "shmily" around the house, and as soon as one of them discovered it, it was their turn to hide it once more.They dragged(拖,拉) "shmily" with their fingers through the sugar and     

Creating Collaborative Partnership With Local Churches to Improve Academic Performance of K-12 Public Schools

Since their founding, the Black churches have strived to implement and fulfill their missions. These institutions acknowledge the importance to become actively involved in the community as well as engaged in the lives of young people. Black churches are faced with unique challenges every day, however, they provide significant number of resources to the communities at large. In this study, we examine the role of partnerships through local churches and its impact on low performing schools using qualitative methodology. Research shows that low performing schools are influenced positively by partnerships with Black churches.