发挥优等物化劳动在价值创造过程中的作用

优等物化劳动本身不能创造价值,但在价值创造过程中起着重要作用。发挥优等物化劳动在价值创造过程中的作用,要改革现有科技创新体制,提高科学技术转化为生产力的比例;加大资金投入,拓宽科技创新主体特别是企业在技术创新中的融资渠道;尊重科学技术劳动,培养和引进更多具有高素质的科学技术人员。     

“玩”的文学:幼儿文学的游戏性

游戏对幼儿来说不是一种剩余精力的简单耗费,而是包含了学习、创造和娱乐层面的多重意义。幼儿文学是幼儿体验游戏的一种特殊场所。幼儿文学从内容、语言、体式到内在精神,都体现了一种与幼儿生活密切相关的游戏性。这种游戏性以语言作为最基本的承载物,其游戏内容主要也是在语言的层面上展开。幼儿文学作品所具有的对于童年内在生命精神的理解和尊重等深层内涵,构成了幼儿文学所独特的游戏精神,这既是一种天然的童年游戏趣味,意味着一种充沛的童年生命能量,也是一种高级的审美游戏,意味着一种严肃的童年内在精神。     

安徽贵池：中国傩戏之乡

安徽傩戏是以驱鬼疫祈吉祥为目的,以戴面具为表演特征的请神敬祖的一种祭祀性民间戏曲表演活动。文章探讨了贵池傩戏的萌生时间,演出的行当、剧目及唱腔等问题。作者认为,贵池傩戏傩文化对研究古代戏曲、民间文化艺术、民间信仰和皖江地区文化有极大的史料价值。     

Philosophy of education in post-Soviet societies of Eastern Europe: Poland,Lithuania and Slovenia

This article explores the role of philosophy of education in three post-Soviet societies of Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania and Slovenia. The characteristic themes and approaches of philosophical reflection about education in these societies are explored with reference to three periods: the pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet periods.     

Affordances for Risky Play in Preschool: The Importance of Features in the Play Environment

The purpose of this article is to qualitatively explore the affordances for risky play in two different preschool outdoor environments, an ordinary preschool playground and a nature playground, based on Gibson (The ecological approach to visual perception, 1979) theory of affordances and Heft’s and Kytte?’s (Heft in Children’s Environ Qual 5(3) 29–37, 1988; Kytt? in J Environ Psychol 22:109–123, 2002, Kytt? in J Environ Psychol 24:179–198, 2004) extended work on this theory. Observations of risky play in two Norwegian preschools, one ordinary preschool (where play took place on an ordinary playground) and one nature and outdoor preschool (where play took place in a nature area) were conducted. In addition, the children were interviewed about their actualized affordances of risky play, their mobility license, and the constraints on risky play. The results show that both play environments afford an extensive amount of risky play among the children, and that the degree of mobility license tolerated by the staff is an important factor for the children to actualize these affordances. Differences in the qualities and features in the two play environments were found to have an impact on the degree of riskiness in the play situations. As such, the nature playground afforded a higher degree of risk in children’s risky play.     

Language,Power, Development and Geopolitical Changes: conflicting pressures facing plurilingual societies

This article argues that too little attention has been paid to the linguistic diversity of many poor countries by international donor agencies, given that the most plurilingual societies are also amongst the poorest. Now that recognition has been belatedly given to the language issue geopolitical changes are leading to conflicting pressures on governments. On the one hand there has been a steady decline in the number of global languages over the years. This process is likely to increase, especially given the pressures for globalisation and the growth of English. On the other hand there are also pressures to develop local languages. Ultimately decisions about language choice depend upon a mixture of politics, power relationships and cost. The choices facing governments in the poorer countries are becoming more difficult not less, but unless positive action is taken to develop local languages many, along with their communities, will decline.     

高等教育结构:博弈中的建构

中国现实的高等教育结构,是在政府与高校的博弈中形成和发展的。以对资源的分配和占有为纽带,政府与高校之间形成主与从、一与多的博弈关系。高等教育系统中出现的无序、趋同和攀高等现象,是在现行的管理体制和资源配置机制下博弈的结果。优化高等教育结构的过程,是一个在博弈中建构的过程。要建构一个充满活力、宏观有序的高等教育系统,必须强化市场竞争机制和赋予高校充分的办学自主权。     

儿童冒险性游戏:内涵、价值及其研究启示

儿童游戏中"风险"与"安全"之间的博弈与平衡,引发西方早期教育学界的争论,有关"儿童冒险性游戏"的研究应运而生。研究者借鉴心理学界对"儿童冒险行为"的相关研究及现代风险理论对"风险"的有关探索,将儿童冒险性游戏定义为一种令儿童激动人心和令人兴奋的游戏形式,具有不确定性,且对儿童有人身伤害风险的游戏,并在此基础上对该游戏理论的内涵、价值、影响因素等基础框架进行探索与建构。文章梳理目前西方有关儿童冒险性游戏的研究,以期为我国早期教育领域开展儿童冒险性游戏的理论研究和实践应用提供科学依据与有益经验。     

Erratum to: Relating Narrative, Inquiry, and Inscriptions: Supporting Consequential Play

In this paper we describe our research using a multi-user virtual environment, Quest Atlantis, to embed fourth grade students in an aquatic habitat simulation. Specifically targeted towards engaging students in a rich inquiry investigation, we layered a socio-scientific narrative and an interactive rule set into a multi-user virtual environment gaming engine to establish a virtual world through which students learned about science inquiry, water quality concepts, and the challenges in balancing scientific and socio-economic factors. Overall, students were clearly engaged, participated in rich scientific discourse, submitted quality work, and learned science content. Further, through participation in this narrative, students developed a rich perceptual, conceptual, and ethical understanding of science. This study suggests that multi-user virtual worlds can be effectively leveraged to support academic content learning.     

当代中国社会阶层分化：动力、过程和结构

时代的先进性和历史的滞后性的交错作用,使得当代中国社会阶层分化在动力、过程和结构上都具有自己独有的特征。从动力因素看,“改革启动”、“市场加速”、“契约整合”、“制度塑造”是贯穿这一过程的重要外部推动力,利益驱动下的主体行为动机转换是这一历史性变迁的内在驱动力;从过程看,当代中国社会阶层分化是一个从“解”构到“结”构、从“身份”到“契约”的过程;从阶层构成看,尚处于变动之中的社会阶层结构呈现出多元化、层级化的特征。     

用游戏、快乐、理解承载幼儿园课程

游戏与课程的双轨运行导致游戏中蕴涵的丰富的隐性课程流失;在非游戏课程和教学活动中,幼儿和教师之间的游戏性的贫乏严重阻碍了隐性课程价值的充分发挥;对幼儿群体被理解需要的轻视致使失去了很多含有隐性课程的教育机会。此三者体现了我国幼儿园课程体系中隐性课程的缺失。实施隐性课程、丰富隐性课程价值的途径有三：使幼儿园教师成为成功的游戏者;丰富教师与幼儿之间的游戏性体验;理解、尊重学龄前儿童这个特殊群体。     

A/O工艺与分段进水两种生物脱氮工艺的比较研究

从脱氮率、工艺运行以及节能角度对A／O工艺与分段进水2种生物脱氮工艺进行比较．结果表明,当污泥回流比为50％的条件下,分段进水工艺能达到高于80％的总氮去除率,但是A／O工艺只能达到40％．在污泥回流比为100％、硝化液回流比为200％的条件下,A／O工艺能够达到78．32％的总氮去除率,但是SVI值将达到143mL／g．而达到同样甚至更高的总氮去除率（81．1％）,分段进水工艺的SVI值只有94．4mL／g．分段进水工艺中污泥膨胀得到很好的控制．分段进水工艺在适用性、脱氮率、运行稳定性方面优于A／O工艺．     

游戏治疗和家庭治疗的新发展：家庭游戏治疗

近年来,西方国家发展起来一种新型心理治疗法——家庭游戏治疗。文章主要介绍了家庭游戏治疗理论的提出、理论原理、功能、方法、家庭治疗师的作用以及怎样使成人摆脱对游戏的抵触心理,最后对该疗法进行了简要展望。