大学英语课堂中教师语码转换的认知建构过程

大学英语课堂中教师的话语系统一直是语言教学研究者热衷探讨的问题。拟以教师的语码转换策略为切入点,将语码转换发生的语域作为分类标准,阐释在语篇以及一般交际情况下的语码转换所蕴含的概念整合理论的过程,旨在为创建诗意和谐的英语课堂提供语用认知学科的理论基础。     

亲师互动关系的发展与研究综述

亲师互动是发生在家长与教师相互之间的社会行为。在亲师之间随时都会意识到自己的行动和反应对他人所产生的作用和影响。长期以来．心理学家一直努力揭示亲师互动模式、形成机制和对学生成长的影响因素。本文根据国内外的研究从亲师互动的发展、研究的主要模式、研究的形式和研究的进展等方面进行了分类综述,并指出目前遗留的问题。     

Cognitive and affective processes in multimedia learning

This special section focuses on cognitive and affective processes in multimedia learning in a range of learning domains. Expanding previous research that has taken a predominantly cognitive perspective of multimedia learning, recent studies have begun to consider affective aspects of multimedia learning with the aim of integrating emotion, motivation, and other affective variables into cognitive processing models. The articles included in this special section are examples of the various ways in which the cognitive perspective can be enhanced by taking affective aspects of learning into account. Investigations range from the study of confusion as an affective state that can be beneficial to learning, and the consideration of the potential distracting or motivating function of decorative illustrations, to an inquiry into how visual design can induce positive emotions in learners. The results of the studies included in this section are in line with Moreno's Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (CATLM; Moreno, 2006) and show how emotion and interest facilitate cognitive processing and improve cognitive and affective outcomes.     

The development of reading interest and its relation to reading ability

The development of interest in reading and its relationship to reading ability was examined longitudinally in 117 children in Grades 1–3. Interest in reading was measured by eight items from the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey. Less able readers had lower interest in reading, but their development was parallel to that of more able readers. Interest in reading in Grade 1 was weakly correlated with Grade 3 reading ability, but correlations were lower for interest measured in Grades 2 and 3. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated weak and inconsistent effects of reading interest on reading ability after controlling general cognitive ability, SES, phonological awareness and naming speed. It is concluded that interest in reading has only a weak relationship to reading ability in the early elementary years, and that much of that relationship overlaps with the effects of other more powerful predictors.     

“人地关系”理论发展历程及其哲学、科学基础

“人地关系”理论是人文地理学的理论基础,着重探讨人类与自然环境之间的相互关系。地理学发展史上的每一阶段都存在不同的“人地关系”思想,每种“人地关系”理论的形成和发展都有其相应的哲学基础和科学背景。它的发展就是唯物主义战胜唯心主义,辩证法战胜形而上学的过程。     

The interplay of a biology teacher's beliefs,teaching practices and gender-based student-teacher classroom interaction

Cross-relationships among a Taiwanese seventh-grade biology teacher's beliefs, practices and classroom interaction with either male or female students were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. Results show that the teacher's classroom practices reflect her teaching philosophy, which she described in interviews held before and throughout the class observation period. Gender-based characteristics clearly play an important role in establishing and maintaining differences in interactions between male or female students and their teacher in this particular classroom. Data collected from classroom observations show that the subject teacher's beliefs concerning boy/girl differences in learning style and classroom participation are reinforced or sustained by her behaviour, which includes unequal distribution of direct questions, unbalanced feedback and encouragement, and a lack of restrictive controls on calling out answers.     

Cognitive development in relation to secondary school final examination results in the Italian school system

A Piaget‐type questionnaire was presented to about 800 students of the Science Faculty of Bari University at the very beginning of their first academic year. The score results of the questionnaire were analysed in terms of cognitive development and correlated with the grade obtained in the final examination at secondary school. The correlation (when statistically significant) were always positive but low. This suggests that more attention should be paid in the final examination to students’ master of high‐level cognitive processes.     

教师手势的交际价值及对外语教学的启示

在语言历史的发展过程中,出现了许多种教学方法,尤其在二语习得方面,出现了交际法,听说法,全身反应法,暗示法等。下面我要介绍的是近来二语习得领域中的又一个新的教学法：教师的手势教学,并阐述教师手势的交际价值及外语教学的启示。     

Heuristic literacy development and its relation to mathematical achievements of middle school students

The relationships between heuristic literacy development and mathematical achievements of middle school students were explored during a 5-month classroom experiment in two 8th grade classes (N = 37). By heuristic literacy we refer to an individual’s capacity to use heuristic vocabulary in problem-solving discourse and to approach scholastic mathematical problems by using a variety of heuristics. During the experiment the heuristic constituent of curriculum-determined topics in algebra and geometry was gradually revealed and promoted by means of incorporating heuristic vocabulary in classroom discourse and seizing opportunities to use the same heuristics in different mathematical contexts. Students’ heuristic literacy development was indicated by means of individual thinking-aloud interviews and their mathematical achievements – by means of the Scholastic Aptitude Test. We found that heuristic literacy development and changes in mathematical achievements are correlated yet distributed unequally among the students. In particular, the same students, who progressed with respect to SAT scores, progressed also with respect to their heuristic literacy. Those students, who were weaker with respect to SAT scores at the beginning of the intervention, demonstrated more significant progress regarding both measures.     

Perceived instructor affective support in relation to academic emotions and motivation in college

The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations among perceived instructor affective support, academic enjoyment, academic hopelessness, behavioural engagement and academic help seeking in college classrooms. A self-report survey was administered to 277 college students enrolled in a teacher training department of a major university in Turkey. Structural equation modelling was used for data analysis. Perceived instructor affective support, either directly and/or indirectly, related to all emotional and motivational variables presented in the structural model. Findings signify the necessity of providing affectively supportive learning environments not only in K12 classrooms but also in college classrooms. The implications for practice and future research as well as the limitations are discussed.     

论校本课程开发与教师的课程意识

校本课程开发要求教师不仅要做课程的实施者,更要做课程的开发者.那么教师要进行校本课程开发首先要强化其自身的课程意识.因为鲜明的课程意识是校本课程开发的重要前提条件.本文从校本课程开发中强化教师课程意识的必要性入手阐述了教师应该具有的课程意识,它们包括:主体意识、制度意识、学理意识、价值意识、开发意识等,并讨论了教师课程意识的生成机制.     

A qualitative approach to the study of a teacher's beliefs

This article describes a qualitative study of the beliefs and principles of one science teacher. The study employs the Repertory Grid Technique of Kelly (The psychology of personal constructs, New York: Norton, 1955). This technique is illustrated thoroughly by the case study, and ample segments from an interview with the teacher concerned are provided. All relevant information obtained from working with this teacher is used to establish the dominant beliefs held by her. The significance of the study is argued within the framework of curriculum and instructional innovation and implementation.     

城乡旅游互动发展及其机理与实现路径研究

城市旅游与乡村旅游是旅游的两种重要形式,具有较强的互补性,可实现互动发展,城市旅游与乡村旅游的互动发展是实现城乡统筹发展的重要方面。城乡旅游互动发展以互为市场重叠为根本属性,城乡差异为前提条件,两者同时存在为基本要求,旅游流互流为外部特征,共同发展为基本目标,和谐社会构建为终极价值取向。城乡旅游互动发展以互补性为原动力,经济的持续与快速发展为驱动力,旅游宣传为诱导力,交通设施的改善为助推力。在此基础上,提出了城乡旅游互动发展的实现路径。     

The development of one teacher's understanding of practitioner research in a multi-ethnic primary school

This article is an attempt to describe the development of my understanding of the purpose of practitioner research over the first 4 years of a project leading to a PhD. It tells the story of the evolution of my thinking, from an initial focus on the curriculum and the children's unsophisticated thinking about race as the source of the problem, to a more self-critical stance, in which I saw ‘whiteness’ as an important factor in structuring the children's experiences of schooling. Thus, the early outward focus of the research – the children, and their response to the curriculum – was replaced by an inward focus – on my own attitudes and actions as a white teacher, and the effect they have on the children I teach. The article argues that teachers should have the opportunity to reflect on aspects of their practice in this way as an integral part of their professional development.     

Continuities and discontinuities in affective and cognitive-motivational development

This paper reviews research on the issue of continuities and discontinuities in development, focusing on affective and cognitive-motivational aspects. The theoretical view of Rene Spitz and supporting research is reviewed related to transformations in affective development. Methods of assessment of cognitive-motivational development ("mastery motivation") are described as utilized in a number of studies. These studies illustrate developmental transformations at approximately 10 and 18 months of age in normal infants. In addition, findings comparing abused/neglected and perinatal risk infant populations with normal infants illustrate differences in both affective and cognitive-motivational development.