挫折、抑郁、自信、理想——从元杂剧看元文人的爱情世界

元代杂剧以独特的艺术形式向我们反映了元代文人的复杂的爱情世界。其中有挫折与抑郁，也有自信与理想。元代文人爱情道路上的挫折，主要来自封建礼法的束缚，以及世俗偏见的威逼，没有经济实力与没有社会地位，使文人遭受不幸。但剧作家安排最终总是文人士子应举得官，与相爱之人团圆的结局，则是元文人爱情理想光彩的闪现。这样将现实描写与对未来的憧憬融为一体，并没有影响戏曲艺术的真实性，反而增强了戏曲的表现力。读者从剧中既了解到所反映的社会特征，又窥见到文人的心理与追求     

论元代女真族文人孛术鲁翀

元朝是中国历史上一个特殊的朝代,空前的少数民族内迁和多民族混居的历史环境,加深了汉文化对少数民族的影响.本文通过对女真族文人孛术鲁种一生经历的考论.使读者可以初步理清元代民族融合的脉络和这一时期女真族人的普遍心态.同时有助于对孛术鲁种现存诗文的理解.     

元杂剧的题材来源分类研究

元杂剧作为独具特色的戏曲艺术,其题材来源极为复杂。从目前存在完整的剧目中可知,它的取材有着明显的倾向性,这与元代的社会、时代、文化及文人的心态密切相关。元杂剧本事来源于各个朝代,其数量和题材类型也有其特点,究其原因正是元代的某一特征与历史上某朝恰有相似之处。     

高丽与北元关系对明与高丽关系的影响

14世纪中叶到15世纪初的几十年里，中国和朝鲜半岛上的封建王朝都处于革故鼎新时期，社会结构的解体和重新组合直接影响到国家关系的矛盾与平衡。本文仅就高丽与北元关系对明与高丽关系的影响作些探讨。历史上，朝鲜半岛和中原有着传统的政治、经济、文化联系。918年，新罗贵族王建统一朝鲜半岛，建立高丽王朝。高丽王朝和中国的辽朝、金朝、元朝都有着政治上的藩属关系。特别在元朝，这种关系超过以往任何朝代。高丽国王是元朝征东省左丞相。自忠烈王以后，历代国王都娶元朝公主为妃，成为元朝皇帝的附马，“来往于元首都就像蒙古的地方官…     

德士和浪子的抗争——论元曲作家的复杂心态

一代有一代之文学，文学史是一部动态的发展史．每个时代的文学都有着自己的特征。生活在其间的文人儒客们受纷繁世界的影响呈现出复杂的心态，作家的生活遭路、生活实践决定着他们创作的风貌和成就的高低，元代文人的生活道路与以往各代文人大相径庭，构成了元代文学总体风貌的独特性，俗称“唐诗、来词、元曲”，元曲主要包括散曲和杂剧两大部分。     

可汗忽必烈的世界——记大都会元代中国艺术展之实用美术

元代,忽必烈统一中国后,民族和社会进入到一个新的融合期。在艺术上,包括绘画、雕塑、金银器、丝织品、陶瓷、漆器和其他装饰艺术,都产生了新的形式和风格变化。这既归因于新的政治经济发展和社会文艺创作的环境,也和元代与其它国家地区间的交流相关,宗教性和世俗性开始在艺术表现突出。2010年秋季在纽约大都会博物馆展出的日用品、服装、建筑,从艺术形式和表现方法都体现了元代艺术的革新之处,对后世的实用美术产生了积极影响。     

元代“例”考——以《元典章》为中心

元代法律形式主要由两部分构成：格和例。＂例＂在元朝名目繁多,达十九种之多,但学术界对元代诸例的内涵很少深入考察,同时对一些例的含义在理解上也存在不全和不实。元朝诸例的内涵主要有两个方面：作为一种法律形式和一个法律术语。元朝＂例＂在基本含义上与中国古代其他王朝是一致的,都是对＂律＂的解释与补充。元朝诸例在分类上主要由四个要素所决定：调整对象、调整方式、法律效力和制定程序。元朝诸例构成了元朝重要的法律渊源,但由于例的种类繁多,也给法律适用带来了问题。     

侗族民歌与文人诗的叙事策略——从人类学视角对诗歌社会功能的探究

从社会功能看，侗族民歌与当下文人诗普泛化的差异原因表现在：前者是负载社会功能的，而后者偏于对形式审美性的刻意追求。     

元朝“四等人”制研究

元代"四等人"制是元代政治、制度和社会的一个重要特征,对元代影响深远。其形成的原因,既有历史原因,也有现实战略的考虑。"四等人"制为维护元朝的统治可谓功不可没,但也加深了全国各族之间的隔阂,加剧了民族矛盾,成为元朝统治崩溃的一大原因。     

渐入佳境,且赏如许春色——由昆曲谈中国传统艺术教育的路径选择

一昆曲是中国古典文化艺术精神的重要载体昆曲成为高雅清丽、温文尔雅的艺术形式,是经过了长时间的积累的。昆曲之始祖为昆山腔,始自元代,分为两种,一种是顾坚等文士创立的清唱昆山腔,一种是民间艺人创作的南戏四大唱腔之一的剧唱昆山腔。清唱昆山腔是文人用于自娱唱酬时的一种清唱方式,所采取的是乐府北曲依字声行腔的演唱方式,与当时流行的南曲有所不同。[1]魏良辅《南词引正》认为这一艺术形式为顾坚所创,如云:"元朝有顾坚者,虽离昆山三十里,居千墩,精于南     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.