成人高教招生制度改革浅探

成人高教招生应理顺市场需求与人才培养的关系和行业需求与社会需求的关系的两个关系，改革招生考试制度改革招生考试时间，转变招生工作观念，实行春季招生，把招生工作自觉纳入市场经济轨道，以适应成人的学习特点。     

建设中国特色世界一流大学的根本遵循

基于博弈论构建制度生成与演变的解释框架,分析从重点大学到“双一流”建设的历程,探讨“双一流”战略如何打破身份桎梏、重构开放竞争背后的动力机制及创新路径,厘清战略演变的制度逻辑,发现：中央政府战略目标转变等外生环境变化提供了增量资源与资源再分配的机会,为“双一流”建设提供了动力源;引入地方政府、地方大学作为主要博弈参与者克服了计划资源分配弊端,形成多方参与博弈的开放竞争新格局。在新博弈规则的驱动下,中央政府、地方政府、高等院校逐渐改变其主观博弈模式,集中增量资源大力发展优势学科,为进入“双一流”行列提供内生动力。“双一流”战略取得了较好成效,营造了开放、竞争、动态的制度环境,初步构建了中国特色一流大学和一流学科建设模式。未来将面临处理好外部治理与内部博弈之间的关系、一流大学聚集性与高等教育系统均衡性之间的关系的挑战。

     

我国高等教育成本个人分担制度探析

高等教育成本个人分担制度。目前在各国得到广泛运用。人力资本理论、教育成本分担与补偿理论、产品属性理论等都对高等教育成本个人分担的合理性进行了论证．我国的国情也具有实施成本个人分担的必要性和可能性。然而我国在实施过程中却出现了一些问题,如个人分担比重增长相对居民收入的增长过大,影响高等教育的公平性等。因此有必要进一步分析这些问题,并在此基础上构建更加科学合理的成本个人分担制度。     

论我国高校学分制研究的主题内容与特征

改革开放30年,中国高校学分制研究可分为初探阶段、徘徊阶段、发展阶段、总结阶段和繁荣阶段,从各阶段的研究主题中,逐步形成了问题研究与理论探索相结合、国外经验借鉴研究与比较研究相结合、实践探索与理论创新相结合、总结反思研究与中国特色学分制建构研究相结合的四大特征。     

Positional competition in a binary system: the case of Finnish higher education

Positional competition in the labour market entails graduate opportunities that depend not only on graduates’ skills, experience and abilities, but also on how their educational credentials compare to those of others. In this study, we examined the positional competition in the Finnish labour market and compared the influence of different ‘degree types’ on the probability of obtaining high-paid, high-status jobs. We used a register-based 5% sample of 25–45-year-old Finnish higher education (HE) graduates from 2010 to 2012 (N?=?63 486). It was expected that the relative position of graduates would be affected by the degree level as well as the educational field and the binary division (university vs. non-university) of HE. Therefore, master’s and bachelor’s degree levels in all educational fields from universities versus universities of applied sciences (UASs) were included. The method of analysis was logistic regression. According to our results, the binary divide structured the opportunities to enter high-paid, high-status jobs within different fields of education. The university master’s degree graduates had the highest probability of succeeding in the Finnish labour market, and their status/rank elevated them above the competition by regulating access to certain professions or occupations through specific qualification requirements (i.e., credential social closure). Moreover, our results demonstrated how the degree rankings and the relative distance between university and UAS degrees vary in different fields. The Finnish case offers a valuable point of comparison to other HE systems with a binary structure.

     

Tensions within the changing Chinese higher education system

Frontiers of Education in China -     

中国高等教育公平竞争制度的选择与构建

公平竞争是现代高等教育的核心制度.中国的高等教育当前正处在转型期,公平竞争理应成为高等教育制度的核心选择.为此,在高等教育制度构建上需要保证高等教育竞争中不同制度主体都有起点上的平等性,并且规范竞争过程规则的正当性,以及在结果上的"对称性",即保证贡献与收益的对等并且补偿弱势群体.     

教育体制改革中的中国高等学校法律地位变迁

During the past twenty years, higher education institutions in China have gained enormous rights due to both the streamlining of administration and the decentralization of the government. Their legal status has hence changed dramatically. However, the expansion of their rights has also brought about the possibility of higher education institutions profiting by pursuing development. The influence of the market has begun to permeate higher education institutions, and this change has shown some characteristics of induced institutional changes. Accordingly, higher education institutions should be regulated from the perspective of public law, so as to ensure their public nature. __________ Translated by LI Yancheng from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2007, (2): 5–16     

深化我国高等教育投入体制改革的探讨

经费不足是制约高校发展的主要瓶颈。应深化高等教育投入体制改革,坚持走多元化、多渠道筹措经费的路子,不断增加投入。     

中国高等教育管理体制改革的政策分析

二十多年来我国关于高等教育管理体制改革的重要政策,多有创新之处,不乏理论意义,但也存在目标偏移、对象模糊、主体缺位、路径不明等弱点。高等教育管理体制改革的核心目标应坚定不移地定位于转变政府管理职能,理顺政府与高校的关系。为此,改革政策的重新设计势所必然。     

我国近代高等教育学制与高等教育现代化

中国近代学制的建立与发展极大地推动了高等教育的现代化进程,并在此期间受到了许多西方包括日本等国影响,但学术界对其发展过程是依附还是借鉴分别持不同观点。通过分析中国近代高等教育学制的嬗变来反思中国高等教育的现代化进程,势必对高等教育未来的发展有所帮助。     

An analysis of reform in administrative system of Chinese higher education

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the administrative system of higher education then was characterized as “centralized”, “Tiao and Kuai” were segmented (some higher education institutions were directly administered by provincial governments, and some were affiliated to the relative administrative departments of the state) and higher education institutions (HEIs) were government-run. The reform in the administrative system of higher education launched in the 1980s broke down the segmentation of “Tiao and Kuai”, and changed it into a new administrative system emphasizing the role of the provincial governments (“Kuai-oriented mode”). Thus, HEIs gained more autonomy and tremendous changes have taken place in the relation between HEIs and the government. However, weakening the government’s administrative control over HEIs and readjusting government-HEIs relations are still the main concerns in reforming the administrative system of Chinese higher education. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Social Science), 2005 (4)     

民办高等教育在高等教育体系中的定位

传统的高等教育类型划分影响了民办大学的准确定位 ,对民办高等教育发展产生了消极影响。本文提出民办高等教育应该属于综合类高等教育 ,民办大学有条件办成以全日制本专科教育为主的综合大学 ,而不是高等职业技术学校     

中国高等教育大众化结构与体系变革

中国高等教育结构与体系在大众化进程中正经历着深刻的变革,这种变革反过来又影响着中国高等教育大众化的发展道路。分析这种变革,有利于促进中国高等教育结构与体系适切高等教育大众化的发展。文章从以下三方面展开:(一)中国高等教育大众化结构与体系变革的现实基础和指导思想;(二)中国高等教育大众化进程中结构与体系的演变;(三)中国高等教育大众化结构与体系若干问题研究。     

探析竞争压力下的美国高等教育

本文在分析美国高等教育市场供需现状的基础上,对美国营利性高校和非营利性高校的竞争策略进行了简要的介绍和评述.     

高等教育大众化时期地方政府竞争与高等教育发展

在我国高等教育大众化过程中,地方政府竞争成为高等教育发展的重要驱动力量。本文揭示了这一时期省级政府之间在高等教育领域竞争的表现以及这种竞争给我国高等教育发展所带来的影响,进而提出了规范和引导地方政府竞争,促进高等教育科学发展的政策建议。     

高等教育国际化对中国高等教育发展的影响

随着经济全球化、信息社会及知识经济的迅猛发展,高等教育国际化成为包括中国在内的许多国家高等教育发展的主要特征和重要趋势。高等教育国际化给中国高等教育的发展带来了良好的机遇,同时也提出了严峻的挑战,需要我们冷静思考并认真面对,以保证中国高等教育事业的健康发展。     

Neoliberal competition in higher education today: research,accountability and impact

Drawing on Foucault’s elaboration of neoliberalism as a positive form of state power, the ascendancy of neoliberalism in higher education in Britain is examined in terms of the displacement of public good models of governance, and their replacement with individualised incentives and performance targets, heralding new and more stringent conceptions of accountability and monitoring across the higher education sector. After surveying the defeat of the public good models, the article seeks to better understand the deployment of neoliberal strategies of accountability and then assess the role that these changes entail for the university sector in general. Impact assessment, I claim, represents a new, more sinister phase of neoliberal control. In the concluding section it is suggested that such accountability models are not incompatible with the idea of the public good and, as a consequence, a meaningful notion of accountability can be accepted and yet prized apart from its neoliberal rationale.