还原大学--以历史的眼光看当今中国的大学

我国大学正在由精英型的高等教育机构向大众化的教育机构过渡。然而,大学越来越远离其本来之面目,日益向行政机关靠拢,昔日学术殿堂的功能正逐渐失去,不少大学忙于盖楼建房而疏于学科建设,教学和科研过于急功近利,追求数量和规模而忽视质量和水平的现象并不鲜见,不少大学校长办学理念滞后。还原大学,乃我国高等教育的当务之急。     

西部大开发与现代民办大学制度的建立

西部大开发为民办高等教育的快速发展 ,提供了机遇。当前 ,建立现代民办大学制度亟须解决理念偏差、产权不清 ,民办高校运行效率低下以及完善质量保障体系四个方面的问题     

The competitive funding of university research: the case of Finnish science universities

The present European higher education policy and research policy can be characterized as emphasizing external financing of universities, competition between and within universities, and the need for a more practical and economically profitable output from research and education. A theoretical framework of analysing the impacts of this new rationale can be constructed on the following two premises. First, the funding structure of universities and university research is a main factor that influences the situations in which universities and their members make their decisions on teaching, research and administering. Second, universities consist of various groups of personnel each having and developing objectives and preferences of their own. This theoretical framework is applied to the Finnish science university system. On the basis of the analysis it can be seen that although the new policy probably has clarified the division of labour between universities, there have emerged some negative unintended consequences of the new funding structure. Indications of weakening performance in research and education can be identified in the empirical analysis.

现代大学发展趋势与我国现代大学制度的建立

我国大学正处于转型过程之中,在准确把握现代大学发展趋势、正确认识现代大学制度基本特征的基础上,探索大学科学发展观,是我国高等教育事业融入现代化建设的时代潮流,为建设创新型国家服务的必然要求。一、现代大学发展趋势从国际范围来看,随着知识经济时代的到来,工业社会逐步向信息社会转轨,现代大学也发生了一系列深刻的变化,呈现出新的发展趋势。     

Understanding the evolution of the entrepreneurial university. The case of English Higher Education institutions

There has been strong policy interest in universities becoming more entrepreneurial and engaging in knowledge exchange activities as part of an expanding third mission agenda. However, our understanding of the evolution and diversity of such activities is limited. Using longitudinal data from the Higher Education Business Community Interaction (HEBCI) Survey, this study examines the evolving configuration of universities' knowledge exchange activities and stakeholders by analysing distinctive clusters of English universities. We find an increasingly diverse profile of third mission activities across different types of universities: within old, more established universities, Russell Group universities increasingly focus on research‐oriented activities typically in partnership with large firms and non‐commercial organisations; while another group engages in a broad range of knowledge exchange activities with low specialisation over time. Newer, less research intensive, universities increasingly rely on activities such as consultancy and formation of spin‐offs. A decreased engagement with small and medium enterprises and a lower share of knowledge exchange activities at the regional level are observed across the time studied for all universities.     

大学标准与现代大学建设

在我国高等教育规模已居世界第一以后,反映在道德与价值观以及泛行政化倾向上的、有悖于大学精神的文化问题日益突显出来。为了提升高等教育品质,重建大学精神,我们需要努力克服所存在的大学缺失,研究大学标准问题,跳出专业标准的范畴,而不要遗忘了人文标准。我们需要解决思想道德建设、软环境建设以及学生的地位和大学中的服务等几个问题,以更好地发挥大学的基本功能,建设真正意义上的社会主义现代新大学。     

The applicability of democratic principles and the mission of the university

The university's mission of serving as a fortress for freedom of speech, inquiry, and criticism of established truths is inextricably connected with democracy. Such a mission can be pursued only in a climate of genuine political and academic freedom. Three other aspects of democracy in the university are discussed: equality of access, university governance, and the public utility of the university. It is argued that equal representation or one man one vote cannot be applied in university governance because it comes into conflict with the notion of competence—a conflict that cannot be resolved by taking votes. Interest groups inside and outside of the university cannot be allowed to interfere with the free pursuit of knowledge. The internal audit, that is, peer review (by, ultimately, the international community of scholars) has to take precedence over vertical review by government bureaucracy.     

Internationalization of universities: A university culture-based framework

This paper employs Sporn's(1996) organizational culture typology indeveloping a framework to assist in theunderstanding of the process ofinternationalization of universities. Both thecollegial process and executive authority areacknowledged as necessary to position theuniversity to bring about substantive,integrated, university-wideinternationalization in response to pervasiveand rapidly changing global environmentaldemands. Internationalization, viewed as anorganizational adaptation, requires itsarticulation by the leadership whilesimultaneously institutionalizing a strategicplanning process that is representative andparticipative in that it recognizes andutilizes the power of the culture within whichit occurs. The orientation and strength of theuniversity culture and the functioningstructure can be inhibiting or facilitating ofthe strategies employed to advanceinternationalization. Two examples arejuxtaposed to illustrate the range ofcircumstances confronting universities in acomplex and dynamic external environment andtheir responses with respect tointernationalization. Drawing from theseexamples, discussion centers on the alignmentof internal culture with theinternationalization objectives and strategiesselected by the institution in order to enhanceeffectiveness of outcomes. It is concludedthat the framework provided helps to understandthe different approaches tointernationalization and may be helpful fromboth a managerial and research perspective.     

美国研究型大学校长之学术背景--对23所美国著名高校校长教育背景与工作背景的分析

大学校长的学术背景是成为校长及校长遴选的一个重要参考。本研究在界定学术背景内涵基础上,从教育背景与工作背景两大领域对美国23所著名高校校长的学术背景进行了较为系统的描述与分析。研究结果表明,美国研究型大学校长倾向于“外部选拔模式”。其著名的私立“文理主导型”大学校长以文科学者为主,著名的私立“理工主导型”大学校长以出身理(工)科为多,著名的公立综合大学校长出自文科与理科的校长人数大致相当。美国顶尖私立大学校长任期较长,而顶尖公立大学校长任期比较短。美国研究型大学校长几乎都有名校博士学位。其公立顶尖大学校长几乎都有多个单位工作经历,私立顶尖大学校长则很难一概而论。     

The organizational autonomy of Greek universities: an attempt at quantification

Tertiary Education and Management - Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the degree of organizational autonomy of Greek universities, during the period of the implementation of Law...     

超越象牙塔:现代大学的社会责任

早期的西方大学曾经具有与社会保持一定距离 ,以维护其学术研究和教学自由的历史传统。随着社会的发展 ,大学逐步走出了“象牙塔”,与社会的联系越来越密切 ,同时也使大学面临一种艰难的选择———如何既适应社会又崇尚学术 ,怎样才能在为经济和社会发展需要服务的同时保持大学应有的独立品格和价值追求。人类社会已经进入了全球化时代 ,时代强烈呼唤大学不仅要走出“象牙塔” ,还要超越“象牙塔” ,全面承担起时代赋予大学的教育责任、学术责任、既要服务又要引导社会前进的责任以及国际责任     

论现代大学的三重属性

现代大学具有学术、行政、产业三重属性。学术属性是大学的本质属性,行政、产业属性是大学发展到现代逐渐衍生的属性。充分认识现代大学的三重属性及其相互关系,对于大学管理者正确选择大学办学行为具有重要的现实意义。当前我国大学在办学过程中应强化学术行为,淡化行政行为,规范产业行为。     

现代大学的分层与管理模式的选择

大学是从事知识劳动的社会机构。由于大学的组织目标与价值取向不同,现代大学已形成三种不同层次的组织:研究型大学、教学研究型大学和教学型大学。大学层次的不同,决定了其管理模式和运行机制是不同的。充分认识大学的差异性,对于不同大学的科学定位和管理模式的选择,具有现实意义。     

论大学思想政治教育中民主集中制的重要性

民主集中制是我们党和国家的根本组织制度和领导制度。民主集中制把民主作为调动人的积极性和创造性的重要方式,充分体现了人本主义思想,从而充分发挥了民主制的优长。可见,应用和把握好民主集中制原则,是做好大学生思想政治教育的重要保障。