Activities and Attitudes of Retired University Staff

A national sample of 1662 academic and academic related university staff, who had retired 3-5 years earlier, completed a postal survey about their current employment, research, other academic activities, and the academic resources available to them, and about their attitudes to retirement, and the extent of their leisure, voluntary, and other caring activities. Over two-thirds of academics and four-fifths of academic related staff had retired early. Younger staff were more often currently employed, but the employment rate amongst academics aged 66-73 was very much greater than in the general population. The extent of research and other academic activities was related to university rank rather than age, with professors and readers more committed, and less involved in leisure activities. The most frequent reasons for early retirement were dissatisfaction with changes in the universities and financial inducements. The majority said they were more contented because of retiring, and most would not have wanted to retire later than they did, but concerns were expressed about the failure of universities to give adequate status and resources to retired academics. There was some evidence that women were discriminated against in retirement.     

大学教师学术发表的历史演变与动力机制

自17世纪学术出版制度建立开始,西方大学教师学术发表动力不断增强。现代学术研究逐成建制,为大学教师作为研究者的发表活动注入原初动力。研究型大学的出现将学术研究与发表变成了教师基本的职责行为,进而成为教师聘任中的重要评价标准。大学对学术声誉的目标追求与大学绩效主义的治理手段相结合,推动教师不断提升学术产出。学术发表对于大学教师作为谋生工具的意义进一步凸显,乃至形成“不发表,就出局”的学术文化。     

浙江高校女辅导员的压力研究

通过对浙江省高校120名女辅导员的压力状况的问卷调查,发现工作因素相较于学业因素、身体因素和生活因素成为给女辅导员带来压力的主要影响因素。在工作因素中,工作强度、工作收入和工作前途又成为主要压力源。调查中发现,女辅导员职称越高,压力越大。鉴于此,减小辅导员的工作范围,打造专业的辅导员队伍,加强对辅导员队伍的培训,辅导员工作系统网络化将有助于高校女辅导员压力的减缓。     

高校青年教师素质能力要求探析

随着我国高校规模的扩大,高校青年教师队伍越来越庞大,并且青年教师必将成为我国未来高等教育发展的支撑者,同时也是我国向人力资源强国迈进的智力支持者,所以培养合格和优秀的高校青年教师的任务越来越紧迫。本文围绕怎样构建高校青年教师的素质能力要求体系,从党的教育方针、高校教师的思想政治道德要求、应具备的学科业务知识、教师职业修养、职业规划、高校师生关系几个方面进行了系统性的论述。     

营造和谐的教育及社会环境,加强大学生心理卫生教育——1139名大学生心理健康自我描述分析

对我省7所高校1139名大学生的调查表明,统计差异均非常显著,较为突出地表现为强迫症状、人际关系、忧郁,学校间差异显著,性别分析和对师范生的分年级研究表明,主观的身体不适感以及焦虑的其他躯体表现、精神病性得分也较高,反映为大学生人格障碍的发展先兆。应多因素多管齐下,采用教育模式,减少应激源,加强理解与有效管理,净化、优化成长育人环境,同时加强教师效能研究培训,改善大学生心理问题,培育其健康心理。     

杭州市高校青年教师体育锻炼现状的调查与分析

通过问卷调查法、数理统计法,对杭州市高校青年教师的体育锻炼现状进行了调查。结果表明:杭州市高校青年教师对体育锻炼功能的主观认识是好的,但每周参加体育锻炼的次数很少,影响他们参加体育锻炼的主要因素是工作忙没时间。杭州市各高校应该重视本校体育活动的开展,使更多的青年教师投入到全民健身中来。     

Market Orientation of Spanish Public Universities: A Suitable Response to the Growing Competition

ABSTRACT

As has been the case with other public services, the Spanish university system has, over the last few years, undergone radical changes that have completely transformed the form and type of activities carried out therein. The far-reaching effect of these changes and of others that will probably occur in the not too distant future obliges the university system to adapt to the new conditions that govern it. Therefore, this research analyzes the origins of the growing competition that is being experienced by Spanish public universities. In addition, a sample of university teachers is the basis for an empirical study analyzing the relationship between market orientation as put into practice by them and the results they obtained from carrying out their university duties: teaching, research and the spreading of culture.     

市场崇拜、学术资本主义与大学的平庸化

学术资本主义主要指院校及其教师为确保外部资金的市场活动或具有市场特点的活动。学术资本主义的兴起引发大学内以市场为导向的活动大量出现并导致大学的企业性特征愈发明显以及大学传统文化的精神内核遭遇被消解的风险。学术资本主义既是大学市场崇拜的后果,也是现代大学教育平庸的重要诱因。正是市场崇拜与学术资本主义的双重影响导致了大学教育的普遍平庸。     

University autonomy and public policies: A system theory perspective

This article addresses problems facing universities because of external pressures for changes in their teaching, research, and governance and management policies and practices to align them with public policies. The view is put that governments are introducing public policies in times of economic recession to achieve rationalisation of human, physical and financial resources in higher education and to foster initiatives that shape university teaching and research to serve the needs of society and assist in national economic recovery. Examples of these external pressures, which have resulted in intrusions into the autonomy of university governance and management, are provided in the context of general system theory. It is assumed that the pressure of public policies on universities will continue and that each university should have a development plan for its present and future teaching and research activities, which has the endorsement of the government higher education advisory agency so that university management can function on a secure basis. The effectiveness and efficiency of functioning at the various levels of the university system should be assessed by periodic evaluative reviews. The quality of management by academic leaders should be fostered by the establishment of national centres for the study of higher education management and policy. The relationship between government higher education advisory agencies and universities should be renegotiated so that, as interdependent and interrelated parts of the higher education system, they work in joint co-operation to ensure the most effective and appropriate development of each institution. Nevertheless, a state of equilibrium between the university system and the supra (social) system within which it exists will never fully be achieved. The fundamental role and functions of a university require that it be concerned with teaching and researching both ageless and current phenomena. Hence, a perfect equilibrium state cannot exist if external social pressures are for the main weight of university activities to be shifted to providing service for the current needs of society.     

基于主体意识大学生参与高校教育评估思路探析

大学生作为高校教育活动的主体之一,应该在教育评价中享有参与权。目前大学生参与教育评估的领域和方式都较为单一,其作用没有得到应有的发挥,在教育活动中的主体地位没有受到充分重视。因此,基于学生主体意识培养的角度,高校应该转换思路,提供软硬件支持,鼓励学生在时间、空间、规模和方式上多层次、多元化参与教育评估。     

高校辅导员压力管理研究

高校辅导员与高校教师有着不同的工作性质、工作职能和工作任务,是高校教师中具有特殊身份的特殊群体,会产生来自社会、组织、职业等方面的种种压力。高校组织应加大对辅导员的人文关怀,协助辅导员提高自身压力管理的有效性。     

From chalk to keyboard in higher education classrooms: changes and coherence when integrating technological knowledge into pedagogical content knowledge

Abstract

The European Higher Education Area has promoted reconsidering the role played by teachers at universities. Faculties are expected to design learning activities that promote the acquisition of competencies among students. In this context, technologies have garnered prominence as they contribute to creating student-centred learning environments. This study answers these research questions: (1) To what extent has university teaching changed with the implementation of digital technologies in university classrooms? What technology-based learning activities are incorporated in instructional designs by the teachers? (2) How does the faculty describe the integration of technological knowledge into pedagogical content knowledge when designing and developing technology-based learning activities? (3) According to university teachers, which other factors (intrinsic or extrinsic) determine the use of digital technologies in their learning designs? To answer these questions, we have collected data from two differentiated samples of university teachers using the Inventory of Learning Activities with Technology at the University and semi-structured interviews. First, the results reveal that teachers use technologies to carry out learning activities focusing on the content and the teacher. Student-centred learning activities are only timidly being incorporated. Second, the extent to which such activities are implemented is linked to the teachers’ techno-pedagogical content knowledge. Third, the factors that facilitate or inhibit teachers from using technologies in the teaching–learning process respond to intrinsic aspects, such as teachers’ knowledge and beliefs, but also to extrinsic and contextual issues, such as the discipline taught or institutional policy at the university regarding the use of educational technologies.     

“It is complicated!”: Practices and challenges of generic skills assessment in Vietnamese universities

Contributing to a lack of studies related to generic skills (GS) assessment, especially in non-Western university contexts, this article reports a study that explored practices and challenges of assessing students’ GS in the Business Administration programmes in six Vietnamese universities. Content analysis of interviews with 41 teachers of skills subjects and specialised subjects revealed that teachers were organising different formative and summative GS-assessment activities. Unfortunately, the analysis indicated that their GS-assessment practices were fragmented across subjects in the curriculum. Teachers’ beliefs regarding their roles in the university, teachers’ expertise and several contextual factors were found to influence their assessment practices. The article argues that leadership should be exercised more effectively in order to remove obstacles and engage teachers with assessing GS, which will yield washback effect on students’ learning of these skills.     

‘The customer is always right?’: Student discourse about higher education in Australia

Changed funding arrangements and views of education have resulted in a re-prioritization of activities and practices in Australian universities. While considerable research attention has been given to the consequences of these changes for university policies and the activities of academic staff, less attention has been given to how students perceive these changes. In this paper, undergraduate students’ experience of the commodification of higher education sector are explored. The evidence suggests that the changed context is beginning to affect how students perceive university priorities and their effects on teaching and learning.     

高校课堂教学交往: 教育的本真所在

教学交往是指教学主体之间（教师与学生、学生与学生）以精神客体为中介所构成的交往活动.接受基础教育新课程改革教育的学生,进入大学学习更希望与任课教师和同学进行有效的课堂教学交往.高校课堂教学应该与基础教育新课程改革教学方式相衔接.高校课堂教学交往有利于面向课堂中的全体学生,有利于培养合格人才,也有利于高校教师发展与专业成长即教学相长.     

论高校教师教学评价的伦理品格及其实践策略

高校教学评价活动的设计与实施不仅需要斟酌评价方法的科学性、可行性,也要考虑参与评价活动的个体或组织之间行为伦理的合理性、公正性问题。大学作为伦理性实体不仅自身存在着伦理关系,还要以自身伦理的实践为学生和社会起到示范和引领作用。高校教师作为教育者担负伦理道德代言人和伦理道德教育家的角色,高校教师作为“学术人”也要遵循一套学术伦理规范。大学教学不仅传授知识和技能,更为重要的是影响大学生的思想道德,所以大学教学内在地具有伦理属性。教学评价是对大学教师的教学进行价值判断的活动,其具有特殊的伦理品格。在实践上,教学评价的目的应为师生的全面自由发展,在评价主体应包含教师本人,评价内容应该全面且侧重师德的发展性,评价过程应公开、公正、公平。     

远程开放教育中教学资源建设大团队协作的思考

天津电大在共享专业课程教学资源建设和课程考核改革的实践探索充分说明,要建设适合电大学生自学、符合学科标准规范、被学习者所普遍喜爱的学习资源,不能只依赖普通高校主讲、主编和电大主持教师组成的小精英团队,而必须以贴近平民、呵护平民进步为原则,有效整合大团队协作,特别是充分发挥电大系统人力资源优势才能做到。     

高等学校按学科大类招生的现状分析

“按学科大类招生”目前已经成为我国高校招生发展的一个必然趋势,它打破原有的招生模式、减少学生高考填报志愿的盲目性、提供更多的专业选择空间、加强教师和专业各自之间竞争,进而改变原有的教学模式和人才培养模式,使学生可以根据自己的能力和兴趣学得更宽广、更深入、更交叉,从而形成宽基础、交叉复合、较为独特的知识结构,有利于以后的专业深入和创新发展。但是高校不可盲目进行“按类招生”,不同类型的高校不可一概而论。     

探索高校教师管理的新路径

高校教师管理是一项复杂的系统工程,在全球化时代,高等学校应努力探索教师管理的新思路:创新管理理念,实施目标管理;坚持以人为本,强化自我管理;讲究管理艺术,实行参与管理;开发人力资源,坚持动态管理;善用绩效强化,注重心理管理。     

Evaluating teacher performance in language learning classes: the gap between students and department administrators

ABSTRACT

Using data from multiple evaluation instruments to evaluate university teachers’ teaching quality has been popular in practice; however, the inconsistency of these evaluation results has not received sufficient attention. This study intended to fill the gap by investigating the main reasons for the discrepancy in teaching performance that resulted from student evaluation surveys and classroom observations of two administrators from the English department in one of the largest universities in Vietnam. Student evaluation surveys (n = 604) suggested that teachers performed better in activities that focused on instructional techniques than when promoting classroom interaction and student engagement. Structural equation models further showed that activities that engaged them in learning and promoted classroom interaction had a strong positive effect on their overall satisfaction with their teachers’ performances. However, interviews with administrators from the department revealed the conflicting finding that they felt that teachers whose teaching performance was less satisfactory should focus primarily on instructional techniques.