THE NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF GIFTEDNESS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

Following a short discussion of conceptual and theoretical problems of giftedness, the methodological foundations and selected results of a (presently) four year longitudinal study are presented. This study is based on a multidimensional concept of giftedness: intelligence, creativity, social competence, musical ability, psychomotor ability (or practical intelligence). Both academic achievements and leisure activities, as well as cognitive and motivational personality factors and school and family socialisation conditions relevant to giftedness, were studied. During the second project phase developmental aspects and achievement analyses of gifted and normal students aged 6 to 18 years were the central aspects of the study. Finally, methodological problems in the identification of gifted children and adolescents as well as consequences for the nurturing of giftedness are discussed.     

CAREER PATTERNS OF MEN AND WOMEN IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: A VIEW FROM ILO

Beginning with a broad presentation of the ILO, the article concentrates on the activity of the organization in favour of equality in the workplace between men and women. Although the 1974 UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers is the only international instrument which specifically addresses the employment issues of this occupational category, its provisions arc in fact reinforced by the ILO Compendium of Principles and Good Practices for Professional Workers which was adopted in 1977. With regard specifically to eastern and central Europe, the ILO is in general assisting the countries of the subregion in such domains as the reform of labour legislation, the improvement of collective bargaining, and the enhancement of entrepreneurship. It is also vitally interested in improving the status of women workers.     

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE INFLUENCE OF EARLY PERCEIVED PARENTAL SUPPORT ON STUDENT MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND STEM CAREER ATTAINMENT

The lack of females entering STEM careers is well documented. Reasons for the gender gaps at all stages of the educational pipeline include both internal factors such as self-concept and external factors such as the influence of parents, media, and educators. Using latent growth curve analysis and nationally representative longitudinal survey data, this study compares differences in the relationship between a critical external factor (perceived early parental support), student mathematics and science achievement trajectories, and persistence in STEM career by gender. Mathematics and science trajectories were positively related to STEM career persistence for males and females. Perceived early parental support was related to growth in mathematics achievement for males but not females. There was no relationship between early perceived parental support and growth in science achievement for either males or females. These findings indicate differences in the relationship between parental support, achievement, and career persistence depending on content area and gender.     

THE ROLE OF STUDENT INVOLVEMENT AND PERCEPTIONS OF INTEGRATION IN A CAUSAL MODEL OF STUDENT PERSISTENCE

This study uses a revised integrated model ofundergraduate persistence to examine first-yearretention at a private, highly selective researchuniversity. Findings from the study provide strongsupport for use of the model in futurestudies.     

皖南古戏台传统图案图形与色彩研究

中国古戏台建筑是中国古建筑的重要分支之一,皖南古戏台是中国古戏台的重要组成部分.文章首先说明了研究古戏台的现实意义;介绍了皖南古戏台的基本现状以及基础形式;然后通过皖南古戏台戏台装饰、屋顶装饰以及雕梁画栋上表现的传统图案、图形的研究来探讨皖南古戏台的传统图案、图形,分析说明了皖南古戏台所运用的传统色彩.     

STUDENT NEEDS AND THE AUTHENTICITY OF ESP MATERIALS

A model of student needs determines the specifications of an ESP syllabus When there is little likelihood of the student practicing his profession in anything other than his native language,the student is communicative needs in English may be limited to the study of his academic specialism.The student‘s professional target is one important feature that the materials writer has to take into account.But the ESP expert‘s notions of appropriate professional behavior do not necessarily correspond with the student‘s expectations.We argue that the student needs ESP materials that help him make this transition,The efficacy of ESP materilas should be measured by the degree to which the student recognizes their relevance to his immediate needs.     

STUDENT NEEDS AND THE AUTHENTICITY OF ESP MATERIALS

A model of student needs determines the specifications of an ESP syllabus. When there is little likelihood of the student practicing his profession in anything other than his native language, the student is communicative needs in English may be limited to the study of his academic specialism. The student's professional target is one important feature that the materials writer has to take into account. But the ESP expert's notions of appropriate professional behavior do not necessarily correspond with the student's expectations. We argue that the student needs ESP materials that help him make this transition. The efficacy of ESP materials should be measured by the degree to which the student recognizes their relevance to his immediate needs.     

MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF STUDENT AND INSTRUCTOR/COURSE CHARACTERISTICS ON STUDENT RATINGS

Multilevel SEM was used to examine the extent to which student, instructor, and course characteristics affect student ratings. Data were gathered from 1867 students enrolled in 117 courses at a large teacher training college in Israel. Four alternative two-level models that differ in only the nature of the relationship among interest in the course subject, expected grade, and student ratings were tested. Two of the models were judged as less appropriate, one because it failed to support the spurious relationship assumed between expected grade and student ratings, and the other on grounds of poor model-data fit. The other two models were equally good both in terms of the model-data fit and the amount of variance in student ratings that is accounted for by each of them. Both models supported the mediation effect of expected grade in the relationship between interest in the course subject and student ratings.     

CAREER PATTERNS OF MEN AND WOMEN IN R&D ‐‐ CONDITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ‐‐ REPORT FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA

The article begins with a brief historical overview of sociological studies in Czechoslovakia from before 1914 to 1990. It then turns to a discussion of the beginning of gender studies with the recent opening of the Gender Studies Centre and Library of Charles Univer‐sity in Prague. The aim of this Centre is both to study the conditions of female education and employment in Czechoslovakia and to propose remedies for the underemployment of women in research and development as well as in other fields considered to be male‐oriented. The task of bringing gender equality to Czechoslovakia will be long, but such organizations as the Gender Studies Centre and Library are bound to make an important impact.     

THE COLLEGE FRATERNITY AS A FACTOR IN THE RELIGIOUS AND MORAL LIFE OF THE STUDENT

A brief research report on the attainments of Jewish attitudes in a religious school     

THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL AND VALUE JUDGEMENTS OF STUDENT TEACHERS

Various experiments have been devised to gauge the relationship between extroversion and introversion towards academic performance. A review of these investigations reveals that overall extroverts do better on more ambiguous tasks in loosely structured learning situations whereas introverts are more successful in closely guided sequences of learning. The administration and procedure of one programme given to 145 first‐year mixed comprehensive pupils is described in detail. Analysis of the post‐test scores revealed a significant difference between ability levels and a significant interaction between methods of instruction and extroversion, thus confirming earlier findings. That the success of extroverts and introverts in school learning situations is related to the methods of instruction used argues for the possibility of adapting teaching methods to different kinds of pupils.