平民圣人墨子

在中国的哲学家、思想家当中,真正出身平民的并不多,具有世界性影响的更是凤毛麟角,而墨子就是其中一位。台湾学者王昌祉曾将孔子与墨子作过比较,他说:孔子的性格,渔和中庸,谨慎之心,循规蹈矩,少言语,多柔和的情感,比较退让消极,不喜欢冒险,更喜欢“浴乎沂,风乎舞雩,泳而归”(《论语·先进》)的优游自得的生活。墨子的性格,显然和孔子不同。墨子喜欢活动,积极进取,感情激烈,意志刚强,望准目标,向前奋进,不怕苦干,不惜牺牲,甚而喜欢冒险,大胆尝试。有灵活的双手,有科学的头脑,更有雄辩的天才,吸引人的能力,做领袖的资格。这正是贵族思想家与…     

大美苍山——封面图片赏析

天地间有大美而无言,大理的苍山正是一座无言的,大美的山。他伟岸,他谦逊,他阔大,他宽容,他坚忍不拔,他平和深沉,他是一个民族灵魂的高度,生命的高度,梦想的高度,爱与恨的高度。他有形的海拔,却彪炳了无言的矗立。他既是大理人的山,是白族人的山,更是中国的山,世界的山。他是数万年,数十万年自然奇迹的缔造者和     

浮光掠影中灿烂的古巴(三)

<正>我的光辉灿烂的大西洋在不停的飞行中,始终不曾将之前的时差倒过来。于是总是很早就醒来,在黑暗中陪伴窗外的黑夜。如此,睡着,又醒着,那辗转反侧的焦虑。寂静中,唯有大西洋的浪声,伴我熬过漫长的黑夜。是的,每一个清晨,都是从黑夜开始的,那寂静的长夜。窗外,那丝丝缕缕的,无声的光亮,仿佛在慢慢吞噬海上的昏暗。终于,清晨的微光,那迷     

过年的那些记忆

冬天到了,特别是过了冬至以后,过年的气氛渐渐浓了,少年时过年的那些记忆,在不知不觉中苏醒过来,遥远而清晰,古朴而美好。在儿时的记忆中,不论是五谷丰登的年头,还是流年不顺的日子,不论是家境宽裕的人家,还是清贫拮据的家庭,不论是存热闹的城里,还是在高远的山乡,过年总是一年之中最隆重的节日。过年的时候,远行的游子会辗转数千里,如期归来;远嫁的闺女会在新春的头几天,按时回娘家省亲;     

黑白：现实的另一层面

在一个没有色彩纷扰的世界里,画家孙杰的钢笔画一幅幅在面前呈现,穿越黑白迭替的时空,你仿佛走至现实的另一个层面。月华无色,阳光有形,风,雨,雪,无声无息。平民百姓的四合院、大杂院,长长短短的胡同,本该是北京城最喧闹、最嘈杂、最有生活气息的地方,走进去,却静得如入空巢,如入清流,如走回遥远的梦境——透过时光的斑驳,岁月的容颜,那被昨天的风摇曳的树枝,被昨夜的月映照的墙壁,被昨日的阳光转动的影子,静静地生动着,敏感着,沉湎着。这是画家生长的城市。他曾在昔日的恭王府中度过童年、少年,于普通胡同中完成小学、中学的学业。画面上的…     

山歌儿

<正>打锣锣,烙馍馍,鸡儿叫,狗儿咬,舅舅来,吃啥哩?吃白面,舍不得;吃黑面,羞得很;吃荞面,肚子胀;吃豆面,豆腥味;宰公鸡,叫鸣哩;宰母鸡,下蛋哩;宰鸭子,看门哩;……我们齐声唱歌,因为我们看见,对面的土路上,那个推自行车的人,向着我们的村庄走来。那是我们的舅舅。那是碎舅舅熟悉的身影。我们村庄的地形是一个狭长的扇面状,西边的入口是扇子的把儿,东边脚下依次铺开的平坦土地,是扇子的面。绵延起伏的远山,以蓝天为背景,划出一道道波纹,恰似扇子轻轻一挥,扇出一缕缕清风的波痕。     

路这头路那头

小时候,路这头,是妈妈倚门的身影,路那头,是知识的殿堂. 每天清晨,她踩着微湿的土地,闻着草的芬芳,向学校奔去.顾不上看那娇美的小花,顾不上挽被露水打湿的裤脚.只知道,路那头,有博学的老师,有美丽的书籍;只懂得,路那头,有她真正的快乐.     

论历史观在中医学习中的重要作用

中医学的理论与实践,可随着社会历史时期的不同,文化背景的影响,医家的各自特点,及中医学人的不同阅历,显现出不同的特点,是源于壮硕根本的枝叶变化。历史的观察方法,要求我们用动态的眼光分析看似静止的现象,抓住源,弄清流,分析出原因,对于我们继承和发展中医药,具有重要的意义。     

逛邓川

正一脚踏上邓川的土地,映入眼帘的是一个平坝,上面三条河像一个"川"字,更像篆书的"水"字,婉转而来,直入洱海,加之有湖泊、湿地镶嵌其间,阳光一照,水面闪闪发亮,河流湖泊平添了高原平坝的清新与湿润。三条河中,最为突出的是从下山口逶迤而来的弥苴河,河堤古树郁郁葱葱,滇合欢遮天蔽日,景随时转,气象万千。若是在晴朗的某一天,约上三五好友,骑着自行车,沿着河堤溯流而上,脚下是车轮碾出的"沙沙"声,听着动人的鸟声,闻着沁人心脾的花香,一路上欢声笑语,那是多么惬意的事啊!平坝四周群山如抱,山顶转     

海埂之恋

1这是一九八三年夏天的一个临近黄昏的时刻,滇池北岸的海埂,像一块油画家的调色板,人群五颜六色涂满海滩,阳光像一个刚出炉的蓬蓬松松的大蛋糕,散发出迷人的新鲜色泽和清香,海水出奇的蓝,蓝得有些失真,蓝得我现在回想起来,也有恍若隔世之感。现在的滇池不再蓝了,水面漂着一层黄绿的油脂,稠浊而腥臭,浩浩荡荡的水葫芦,像是一个     

Kaiping Diaolou and VillagesA Fusion of Chinese and Western Structural and Decorative Forms简

On June 28, 2007, approved by the 31st World Heritage Committee held inChristchurch, New Zealand, Kaiping Diaolou and villages were inscribed in the World Heritage List and became the 35th world heritage in China. They were also the first Chinese world heritage that reflects the culture of overseas Chinese. In fact, as early as June 25, 2001,     

Latins and Georgians and the Crusader Kingdom

Partly because the First Crusade had weakened the Seljuk Sultanate in 1097–1099, David III of Georgia was able to extend his power over much of the Caucasus. The rulers of the Crusader States who stood in need of Eastern Christian allies sought to co-operate with him. Yet although some Western knights served in his army, the practical difficulties of co-ordinating joint action against the Islamic powers of north Syria and Anatolia in the twelfth century proved insuperable. In the thirteenth century the Georgian crown offered an alliance to the leaders of the Fifth Crusade: their forces would attack the northern provinces of the Ayyūbid Empire while the crusaders were invading Egypt. This strategy was sound, but the rise of the Mongol Empire prevented it from being implemented. Nevertheless, the desire for military collaboration between Georgia and the Western powers persisted until the mid-fifteenth century.     

Public and Popular: British and Swedish Audience Trends in Factual and Reality Television

The research in this article examines audience responses to a range of factual and reality genres. It takes as a starting point that television audiences do not experience news or documentary or reality TV in isolation but as part of a range of factual and reality programmes. Factual and reality programming includes a broad understanding of non-fictional programming on broadcast television, satellite, cable and digital television. The breakdown of factual and reality programming into specific genres includes news, current affairs, documentary, and reality programmes, with further sub genres applied within each of these categories. This article critically examines genre evaluation. The quantitative research in this article is based on two national representative surveys conducted in Britain and Sweden. In both Britain and Sweden, programme makers have moved towards a reliance on popular factual genres. In Britain this is across all channels, and in Sweden this is mainly concentrated on commercial channels. Whilst there is still a commitment to news, there is an increasing use of hybrid genres in an attempt to popularise factual output. The impact of this changing generic environment on audiences is that in both countries viewers have reacted by drawing a line between traditional and contemporary factual genres. It is precisely because of the redrawing of the factual map that viewers rely on traditional ways of evaluating genres as public and informative, or popular and entertaining. The data provides evidence that contributes to existing debate on television genre, public service broadcasting, and media literacy skills. The central argument in this article is that genre evaluation is connected with wider socio-cultural discourses on public service broadcasting and popular culture, and that these are common social and cultural values that are shared by national audiences in two Northern European countries.     

闽台糕饼粿印模与两地风俗

一糕印、饼印、粿印形制各异、工艺精美,是颇为珍贵的民间艺术创作和文化创造。不仅代表着闽台两地的饮食文化,也反映两地的习俗信仰、节庆生活;同时也显现出艺术与生活结合为一体的传统风俗,在福建、台湾等地年节婚庆、敬神祭祖等传统民俗活动中都有广泛的传播。木制糕饼粿印模以雕刻的手法制作。     

Goals and achievement orientations of anglo and mexican-american adolescents in sport and the classroom

The purpose of this study was to analyze the definitions of success and failure (achievement goals) and preferred means to goal attainment (achievement orientations) among male and female Anglo and Mexican-American high school students I athletes in sport and the classroom. Based on a recent conceptualization of achievement motivation, it was assumed that definitions of success and failure could be equated to personal characteristics, behaviors, or outcomes and reflect an emphasis on either effort or ability. Further, it was assumed that there are two major achievement orientations: In one, the means to goal attainment entail social comparison; in the second, goal attainment is processed according to mastery criteria. Results revealed cultural and sex differences in athletic goals. Anglo males were more likely to define sport success in terms of ability while Anglo females and Mexican-American athletes tended to equate athletic success to the demonstration of effort. The reverse was true for sport failure—Anglo males emphasized low effort while the other groups stressed low ability. Variations in preferred achievement orientations were also revealed. For example, in the athletic setting, females showed the least preference for sport success which reflected on the individual and involved social comparison. Males indicated the least preference for individual-oriented, social comparison-based athletic failure.