物理探究式实验与学生能力的培养

物理实验教学改革的目的是要突出对学生观察能力、思维能力和创造能力的培养。改革的思路主要是由验证式实验向探究式实验转变。学生在进行探究式实验时,先要对所探究的内容进行假设,然后自行设计实验,从中发现物理规律,获取物理知识。实行探究式实验教学能集中体现学生的主动性、创造性,有利于能力的培养。在具体的实施过程中,教师可根据实际的教学内容和教学安排,从几个侧重点突出对学生综合实验能力的培养。     

关于学生物理实验素质与能力培养的思考

物理学是一门以实验为基础的学科。物理实验在培养学生能力，提高学生素质方面具有不可替代的作用。文章通过分析目前基础物理实验教学中存在的问题，阐述如何通过实验教学培养学生的观察能力、实践能力以及创新能力，提出教师对实验教学功能的认识，为做好实验提供意见。     

初中生物理实验能力的培养研究

实验能力是物理学习的必备能力,是学生掌握物理概念,解决物理问题的核心能力.因此,教师在初中物理实验教学中,要尽量多地为学生提供独自实验操作的机会,让他们在亲自体验过程中,逐步掌握物理实验的基本原则和方法,培养提高自身物理实验能力.一、培养学生良好的物理思维良好物理思维品质的培养是物理实验能力形成的关键.成     

浅析在物理实验教学中注重学生能力的培养

物理是门依托实验通过观察提高学生物理能力和素质的学科。物理课堂教学以实验为基础。然而初中生目前存在的最大的不足是动手能力很差,实验意识差。对此在物理实验教学中,教师要注重培养学生的物理观察能力和动手能力。     

关于学生物理实验素质与能力培养的思考

物理学是一门以实验为基础的学科。物理实验在培养学生能力,提高学生素质方面具有不可替代的作用。文章通过分析目前基础物理实验教学中存在的问题,阐述如何通过实验教学培养学生的观察能力、实践能力以及创新能力,提出教师对实验教学功能的认识,为做好实验提供意见。     

论中学物理实验教学中学生能力的培养

物理实验是中学物理教学的重要组成部分,也是物理现象的直接体现,物理实验可以有效激发学生的学习兴趣,加深学生对知识的理解能力,以及学生的观察、思考、创新等综合能力.本文主要分析如何在物理实验教学中培养学生的综合能力.     

物理实验教学与多媒体课件的使用

物理学是以实验为基础的一门学科,通过物理实验得到物理规律,是进行物理研究的重要方法.高中物理新大纲中明确要求,要"使学生受到科学方法的训练,培养学生观察和实验能力、科学思维能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力","教师要充分发挥学生做好实验的主动性和积极性,加强对学生实验的指导.     

在物理实验中培养学生的观察能力

物理知识来源于生产实践和对周围自然环境的观察，特别是通过物理实验进行的科学观察。在现实的物理教学中，存在着种种偏差，如：重推理轻实验，物理课成了纸上谈兵。实践证明，在教学中如何运用实践手段，通过某些物理现象的再现，使学生经过观察获得感性认识，再经过科学的思维推理，上升到理性认识，这是物理教学中十分重要的一环。因此，在教学中应十分强调对学生观察能力的培养，而这又是通过教师的引导，在物理实验的观察活动中逐渐培养起来的。所以，教师要有意识地为学生创造条件培养学生的观察兴趣，教给他们正确的观察方法，并加上科学的分析推理，使学生逐步提高观察能力。     

物理实验与学生能力的培养

物理实验是物理教学的重要组成部分．通过实验,学生能更好地认识物理现象,掌握物理概念和规律,培养学生观察问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力．豆物理实验是培养学生观察能力的有效手段无论是演示实验还是学生实验,都必须精确而全面地进行观察,并善于在事物和现象中注意各种不太显著而又非常重要的属性和特征．教师应给予必要的指导和提示,并教给学生观察的方法．首先应分清主次,—一观察清楚．在物理实验中,学生往往分不清主次,把注意力放在次要的环节上,忽略了关键．例如,在“研究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中,学生把注意力放在光…     

开发设计实验仪器资源——物理演示实验仪器的开发与设计

每门学科的教学法与这门学科的特点是相协调的。物理学是一门以实验为基础的科学。在原初中物理教材中有一百多个实验，其中演示实验占多数，新大纲对培养学生的实验观察能力提出了新的要求，对原有实验进行了较大的调整和优化，同时也增加了许多小实验，为学生提供一种在教师指导和组织下自主学习的平台。但是，在不少学校，由于受到学校经费、新教材配套实验器材还不齐备等因素的限制，物理教师做好这些演示实验出现了困难。如何来开发有效的课程资源，做好这些实验成为当前需要解决的问题。我在开发实验资源方面作了一些研究，供其他教师参考。     

Changing the Metacognitive Orientation of a Classroom Environment to Stimulate Metacognitive Reflection Regarding the Nature of Physics Learning

Problems persist with physics learning in relation to students' understanding and use of representations for making sense of physics concepts. Further, students' views of physics learning and their physics learning processes have been predominantly found to reflect a ‘surface’ approach to learning that focuses on mathematical aspects of physics learning that are often passed on via textbooks and lecture-style teaching. This paper reports on a teacher's effort to stimulate students' metacognitive reflection regarding their views of physics learning and their physics learning processes via a pedagogical change that incorporated the use of a representational framework and metaphors. As a consequence of the teacher's pedagogical change, students metacognitively reflected on their views of physics and their learning processes and some reported changes in their views of what it meant to understand physics and how they might learn and understand physics concepts. The findings provide a basis for further explicit teaching of representational frameworks to students in physics education as a potential means of addressing issues with their physics learning.     

High school students’ approaches to learning physics with relationship to epistemic views on physics and conceptions of learning physics

Background and purpose : Knowing how students learn physics is a central goal of physics education. The major purpose of this study is to examine the strength of the predictive power of students’ epistemic views and conceptions of learning in terms of their approaches to learning in physics. Sample, design and method : A total of 279 Taiwanese high school students ranging from 15 to 18?years old participated in this study. Three questionnaires for assessing high school students’ epistemic views on physics, conceptions of learning physics and approaches to learning physics were developed. Step-wise regression was performed to examine the predictive power of epistemic views on physics and conceptions of learning physics in terms of their approaches to learning physics. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that, in general, compared to epistemic views on physics, conceptions of learning physics are more powerful in predicting students’ approaches to learning physics in light of the regression models. That is, students’ beliefs about learning, compared with their beliefs about knowledge, may be more associated with their learning approaches. Moreover, this study revealed that the higher-level conceptions of learning physics such as ‘Seeing in a new way’ were more likely to be positively correlated with the deep approaches to learning physics, whereas the lower-level conceptions such as ‘Testing’ were more likely to positively explain the surface approaches, as well as to negatively predict the deep approaches to learning physics.     

Inequality in Experiences of Physics Education: Secondary School Girls' and Boys' Perceptions of their Physics Education and Intentions to Continue with Physics After the Age of 16

This paper explores the factors that are associated in England with 15-year-old students' intentions to study physics after the age of 16, when it is no longer compulsory. Survey responses were collated from 5,034 year 10 students as learners of physics during the academic year 2008–2009 from 137 England secondary schools. Our analysis uses individual items from the survey rather than constructs (aggregates of items) to explore what it is about physics teachers, physics lessons and physics itself that is most correlated with intended participation in physics after the age of 16. Our findings indicate that extrinsic material gain motivation in physics was the most important factor associated with intended participation. In addition, an item-level analysis helped to uncover issues around gender inequality in physics educational experiences which were masked by the use of construct-based analyses. Girls' perceptions of their physics teachers were similar to those of boys on many fronts. However, despite the encouragement individual students receive from their teachers being a key factor associated with aspirations to continue with physics, girls were statistically significantly less likely to receive such encouragement. We also found that girls had less positive experiences of their physics lessons and physics education than did boys.     

演示实验在物理教学中的作用

论述了物理演示实验能激发学生学习物理的兴趣,有利于学生弄懂物理概念和物理规律,有利于启发学生的思维,培养学生的能力。     

培养中学生物理思维的深刻性、灵活性和批判性

物理教育就是教学生物理思维。“发展学生的思维”是中学物理教学的第一要务，培养物理思维能力的有效途径是训练物理思维品质。本主要结合初中物理教与学的实践，就培养学生物理思维的深刻性、灵活性和批判性方面谈了些体验。     

Episodic memories and the longitudinal impact of high school physics on female students’ physics identity

Students enter physics classes with negative attitudes towards physics compared to the other sciences. Female students are more likely to opt out of a second higher-level physics course. Thus, the broad goal of this work is to better understand how to have the most lasting positive impact on female students’ attitudes and motivations towards learning physics after a single physics course in high school. Through longitudinal case studies of six female students using the frameworks of episodic memory and physics identity, we explore the most impactful features of students’ high school physics experiences. The data is drawn from three years of student interviews and one initial student survey. Our results indicate that the students could remember in detail and with longevity their experiences with physics causing high arousal and negative initial valence, such as teachers presenting physics knowledge in a counter-intuitive way. The students can remember the context but not the details of their experiences with physics causing low arousal and non-neutral valence, such as their teacher sharing a story about physics. Experiences that were eventually tied to positive valence had positive impacts on female students’ physics identity maintenance, such as problem solving activities where no one was left behind.     

Physics education in Connecticut high schools

Conclusions The survey indicated many problems with both how physics is taught and how it is understood. Specifically: (1) Students seem to be less diligent in their senior year in high school (when physics is most commonly offered). For many, this is the only physics course in their school careers. (2) Students think of physics as a difficult subject that makes extraordinary mathematical and conceptual demands. There are serious deficiencies in both areas. (3) Many school teachers of physics have only one or two years of college physics background.     

Na?ve Students’ Conceptual Development and Beliefs: The Need for Multiple Analyses to Determine what Contributes to Student Success in a University Introductory Physics Course

This research involved na?ve physics learners who were interested in majoring in science or engineering. In a semester-long quasi-experimental study, open-ended pretests and weekly interviews were used to analyse the progressive development of students’ conceptions relating to sound and wave motion. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to elucidate: (1) how their conceptions developed from everyday conceptions to unclear scientific conceptions to scientific conceptions, and (2) their beliefs of physics knowledge. Despite efforts to enable these students to learn physics, the findings showed that only two out of ten students developed acceptable physics conceptions during the course that would enable them to pursue the subject to a higher level. Also, students’ conceptual development was found to be related to their cognitive understanding and to epistemological beliefs of physics. Therefore, to facilitate na?ve physics learners’ success in a general physics course, in addition to the acquisition of content knowledge, explicit emphasis needs to be placed on the nature of physics knowledge.     

What Sort of Girl Wants to Study Physics After the Age of 16? Findings from a Large-scale UK Survey

This paper investigates the characteristics of 15-year-old girls who express an intention to study physics post-16. This paper unpacks issues around within-girl group differences and similarities between boys and girls in survey responses about physics. The analysis is based on the year 10 (age 15 years) responses of 5,034 students from 137 UK schools as learners of physics during the academic year 2008–2009. A comparison between boys and girls indicates the pervasiveness of gender issues, with boys more likely to respond positively towards physics-specific constructs than girls. The analysis also indicates that girls and boys who expressed intentions to participate in physics post-16 gave similar responses towards their physics teachers and physics lessons and had comparable physics extrinsic motivation. Girls (regardless of their intention to participate in physics) were less likely than boys to be encouraged to study physics post-16 by teachers, family and friends. Despite this, there were a subset of girls still intending to study physics post-16. The crucial differences between the girls who intended to study physics post-16 and those who did not is that girls who intend to study physics post-16 had higher physics extrinsic motivation, more positive perceptions of physics teachers and lessons, greater competitiveness and a tendency to be less extrovert. This strongly suggests that higher extrinsic motivation in physics could be the crucial underlying key that encourages a subset of girls (as well as boys) in wanting to pursue physics post-16.     

论物理教学中的情商培养

为了培养学生的综合素质，除了开发他们的智商（IQ）外，还必须培养他们的情商（EQ）。而物理教学在情商培养方面有着独特的作用和自身的优势，本文将以物理学科特点为基础，在学科人文教育内容、物理实验、情感教学氛围、探究教学模式方面谈谈如何在物理教学中培养和提高学生的情商。