批判性思维及其技能研究

批判性思维的核心内容是批判性精神和批判性思维技能。批判性思维技能是一种运用批判技术和策略反思性分析和解决问题的能力。依据批判性思维的教学、训练与大学生所学学科内容的关系,批判性思维技能训练可以有一般方法、沉浸方法、灌输方法和混合方法等四种。     

课程生成之源：师生的主体性

课程生成的实现需要教师和学生主体性的充分发挥,其中作为主体性的人的三个要素：自由、理性思雏和非理性因素起着重要的作用。从分析作为主体的人的三个特征入手,着重阐述了这三个因素在教学过程中是如何实现课程生成的。     

Deficient Critical Thinking Skills among College Graduates: Implications for leadership

Although higher education understands the need to develop critical thinkers, it has not lived up to the task consistently. Students are graduating deficient in these skills, unprepared to think critically once in the workforce. Limited development of cognitive processing skills leads to less effective leaders. Various definitions of critical thinking are examined to develop a general construct to guide the discussion as critical thinking is linked to constructivism, leadership, and education. Most pedagogy is content‐based built on deep knowledge. Successful critical thinking pedagogy is moving away from this paradigm, teaching students to think complexly. Some of the challenges faced by higher education moving to a critical thinking curricula are discussed, and recommendations are offered for improving outcomes.     

高职英语教学培养学生思辨能力的策略研究

目前高等职业技术院校英语教学严重缺乏对学生思辨能力的培养,文章从思辨能力的内涵出发,探讨在英语课堂中培养高职生思辨能力的意义,并结合教学实践提出培养其思辨能力的有效策略。     

网络环境下利用讨论来促进批判性思维发展的研究

本文主要讨论马歇尔大学在网络环境中如何应用讨论工具来促进批判性思维的发展.在高等教育中发展批判性思维的重要作用已经得到了各国及其学校的重视.本研究以马歇尔大学研究生院教育与专业发展专业所开设的英语为第二语言的一些课程为对象,分析了讨论法在这些课程中培养批判性思维的状况.在开展本研究的那个学期末,研究者编制了一份问卷,调查这种讨论法实施的效果,以及对这种方法加以改善的可能性.问卷随后被分发给三个班的所有学生,他们都来自西佛吉尼亚州的中小学教师.在21个被调查的学生中,15人全部回答了问卷所提出三个问题.结果显示,几乎所有的被调查者都认为,讨论对促进学习和批判性思维有帮助.大部分学生赞成教师参与网上讨论,教师参与讨论的作用是在发展批判性思维中担当帮助者的角色.     

商务类本科生批判性思维能力调查研究

国内外的商学院在商务人才培养上,都把培养批判性思维能力放在重要的位置。本研究调查了集美大学商务类学科本科生批判性思维能力倾向,结果显示该校学生批判性思维偏弱,说明该校迫切需要提高学生的思维能力;初步数据分析表明跨学科专业的学生批判性思维倾向强于单学科,这为学校培养具有良好思维能力的商务人才提供了参考。     

绩点为王的思维代价：学习投入与本科生的学业表现和高阶思维能力

基于2016年和2019年两次全国性调查与测评数据,采用似不相关回归模型,本研究考察了以课业学习为主的学习投入对大学生学业表现和高阶思维能力的双重效用。研究发现,学习投入是一把“双刃剑”。一方面,学习投入越高学生的GPA也越高,两者表现为单一走势的线性关系,验证了学习投入“越多越好”。另一方面,学习投入超过一定限度后对批判性思维能力的效用会发生方向性改变,两者表现为倒U型的曲线关系,表明学习投入存在“适度区间”。这说明学习投入理论中的“越多越好”假设、“适度区间”假设均仅在评估特定学习成果时成立。进一步分析发现,学习投入带来的GPA高涨是以侵蚀批判性思维能力发展为代价的。这些结果对学界深化学习投入研究、高校优化人才培养目标具有指导意义。     

基于英语阅读理解的高职学生思辨能力培养

文章在简析目前国内外思辨能力培养现状的基础上,分析了英语阅读理解对培养高职学生思辨能力的重要性,并提出了通过改变英语阅读理解目标设置,教学模式,评价与反馈模式的方式来培养高职学生的思辨能力。     

Encouraging Critical Thinking Through Expert Panel Discussions

Abstract. Encouraging critical thinking in classroom discussions when the class consists of students with similar backgrounds and professional experience can be challenging. This article reports on one method for introducing multiple viewpoints into discussions by requiring students to represent views from well-known personalities who are vocal in current controversies. This activity has improved student involvement, animated discussions and created high levels of interaction between students, and encouraged deeper levels of thinking and familiarity with important issues under public debate.     

复杂性思维下的师生关系

长期以来,我们的师生关系处于传统简单性思维的控制之下,因而造成师生关系的不和谐以及紧张的课堂氛围,十分不利于教师的成长与学生的发展,复杂性思维则为我们在审视这一问题提供了一种新的视角。     

费希特论大学师生关系的人学基础

师生关系是大学教育中的基本关系,其本质是建立在对＂人＂这个概念的规定之上的。费希特认为,人是理性自我与经验自我的矛盾统一,其使命是不断地努力获取文化,以使理性自我驾驭经验自我,达到自我的绝对统一。大学便是基于人的文化需要而产生的。在大学内,师生遵守学术自由原则,以文化为连接相互关系的纽带。费希特的大学教育思想对于我们理解大学师生冲突与重建和谐的师生关系具有积极意义。     

论外语专业学生思辨能力的培养

文章从思辨能力培养的重要性谈我国外语专业学生思辨能力的培养,介绍了文秋芳（2008）高层次思维能力层级理论模型,认为该模型是指导我国外语专业学生思辨能力培养的具体、可操作模型。在教学实践中认为,必须读、思、辩结合,以思为主,注重语言输入。     

以科学发展观指导和推进大学的治理--对北大人事制度改革辩论的理性思考

“坚持以人为本，树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观，促进经济社会和人的全面发展”，是党的十六届三中全会提出的科学发展观的核心理念。大学的治理必须以科学发展观为指导，按照时代和社会发展的要求，顺应大学之本性来进行。即既要符合大学的逻辑，有利于学术自由和知识创新，又要符合特定社会情理和法理的内在要求；既要坚持“以人为本”的原则理念，又要敢于直面大学的突出问题，选准突破口实施改革；既要充分估计到改革可能带来的各种问题，又要善于运用策略缓解问题带来的阵痛。确保大学治理始终在稳定的环境中逐步实施到住，并最终指向大学既定理念的实现。     

The Disposition of Eleventh-Grade Science Students Toward Critical Thinking

The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) was used to assess the disposition of Israeli eleventh-grade science students toward critical thinking according to school type affiliate, scientific level, and gender. Our findings, strongly support (a) the establishment of a baseline reference for disposition toward critical thinking of high school science students; (b) the application of the CCTDI in the context of ongoing science education in different settings; and finally (c) the reliable use of the CCTDI in future research aiming at evaluating the effectiveness of critical thinking (CT) and higher-order cognitive skills (HOCS) oriented instructional goals.     

Purposely Teaching for the Promotion of Higher-order Thinking Skills: A Case of Critical Thinking

This longitudinal case-study aimed at examining whether purposely teaching for the promotion of higher order thinking skills enhances students’ critical thinking (CT), within the framework of science education. Within a pre-, post-, and post–post experimental design, high school students, were divided into three research groups. The experimental group (n = 57) consisted of science students who were exposed to teaching strategies designed for enhancing higher order thinking skills. Two other groups: science (n = 41) and non-science majors (n = 79), were taught traditionally, and acted as control. By using critical thinking assessment instruments, we have found that the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement on critical thinking skills components and disposition towards critical thinking subscales, such as truth-seeking, open-mindedness, self-confidence, and maturity, compared with the control groups. Our findings suggest that if teachers purposely and persistently practice higher order thinking strategies for example, dealing in class with real-world problems, encouraging open-ended class discussions, and fostering inquiry-oriented experiments, there is a good chance for a consequent development of critical thinking capabilities.     

浅议师范生目标教学技能的培养

目标教学作为一项整体性教学改革实验模式,在各地中小学得到迅速发展和广泛传播.培养适合基础教育需要的未来教师已成为高师教育的当务之急.应该结合教学法教学实际,对提高师范生的思想认识,把握目标教学的操作模式,强化模拟教学实践,训练他们的运用技能作深入探讨.     

美国大学教师的学术自由与公民自由辨析

在美国,公民自由中的言论自由往往被认为是学术自由的法源。美国大学教师学术自由的确立过程,始终存在着围绕公民自由的争论,进而也必然引起对两者适用范围的争议。同时,由于经常受到政治因素的干扰和影响,也加剧了美国大学教师的学术自由与公民自由在边界上的漂移不定。     

Incorporating critical thinking in the pedagogical content of a teacher education programme: does it make a difference?

Recent educational policies, national reports, and voluminous literature stress that critical thinking (CT) is an essential skill in any stage of schooling for producing critical thinkers and ensuring better learning. The importance of teaching CT has been raised in teacher education programmes because students are supposed to teach this skill in schools in the future. This study therefore assesses the effects of a CT-based pedagogical course on student teachers’ content knowledge and CT disposition. A pre-test–post-test experimental study was carried out in a vocational pre-service teacher education programme in Turkey. Although the students who were exposed to CT-based instruction showed better progress in both academic achievement and CT disposition than in traditional instruction, this result was not statistically significant according to the Mixed Factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA results.     

公共英语演讲课程中的思辨技能培养——基于医学生专业学习需求的教学探索

对当下医学院校的公共英语演讲课程做出了三点调整:一是将公共英语演讲课程的定位从跨文化交际类通识课逐渐过渡到专门用途英语课.二是在教学内容的选择上凸显医学学科特色;提升对思辨能力的系统性认识;增加对说理演讲的学习,达到专业、技能、思辨的深度融合.三是在教学模式上,采用线上线下混合式教学.通过上述方法并举,力求使医学院校开...     

大学师生学术共同体新构摭论

师生学术共同体是大学中的重要组织。大学自诞生之日起就是以学术共同体的形式而存在。20世纪中后期以来,由于受专业化发展、不健全竞争机制、功利性学习目标以及师生关系淡化等因素的影响,师生学术共同体日渐衰落,而大学的和谐发展又内在地要求师生学术共同体进行新构。新构师生学术共同体的策略主要有:教师与学生进行对话;守护学术自由;进行跨学科教学活动;完善教师与学生评价机制。