小学教育专业师范生的职业性格特征及其培养

小学教师的职业性格影响着小学教师在教学中的效率和效果,更直接关系着我国小学教育的质量,应予以重视。不仅要重视小学教师职业性格的职后训练,更应该加强小学教育专业师范生职业性格的职前培养。本文着重小学教育专业师范生应着重培养的职业性格特征以及具体的培养措施。     

Contextualising Craft: Pedagogical Models for Craft Education

Craft education in Finland is, in many aspects, in a state of change. This concerns the independent position of craft as a school subject, the content of the compulsory craft courses containing textiles and technical work, the implementation of the new concept of a holistic craft process in the National Core Curriculum and so on. This bears relevance to the question of how craft should be taught at school. This article explores the ways in which teachers can strengthen the relevance and meaningfulness of craft education at school. Teachers are challenged to provide more authentic instructional contexts and activities beyond the traditional curriculum in order to address successful living in today's society. One solution is to contextualise this teaching with the help of pedagogical models that realise the concept of holistic craft. The pedagogical models discussed in this article are based on curriculum publications, materials in print and research by other scholars.     

新课改背景下师范大学生心理素质教育的挑战与出路

文章从新课改出发,提出了新课改背景对中小学教师心理素质的新要求以及在课改过程中有些教师表现出来的种种心理不适现象,以此看到了新课改对师范大学生的心理素质教育的挑战。为了适应新课改,师范教育必须突出师范性,加强“教师意识”的培养,提高其将来的职业适应性;强化职业心理素质,坚持师范大学生—高师院校—社会的整合;对原有的心理学、教育学的教学模式进行改革,“心理健康与心理辅导”课应成为公共必修课。     

新课程环境下体育教师发展的理性思考

新课程理念的提出对传统的学校体育教师以及体育课堂产生了很大的冲击,结合当前国内外学校体育教育改革的趋势,对我国体育课程现状及新课程环境的基本理念进行了剖析,提出新课程环境下的体育教师,要以科学发展观为统领,不仅要不断更新教育教学观念、转变教学模式、加强学习和提高自身素质,而且要善于反思、注重科研。     

新课改视野下的高师继续教育改革

基础教育新课程改革对肩负着中小学教师在职培训责任的高师继续教育提出了更新的要求和严峻的挑战。为满足新课改的师资要求,高师继续教育应依托高等师范教育资源,构建教师培养、培训一体化;调整课程设置,实现教学内容职业化;重塑教学模式,实现教师培训专业化;拥有相对固定的师资队伍,建设自己的品牌学科专业。     

Reform of History Teaching in High Schools in the New Era: Its Past and Future

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the introduction of the subject of history in high schools has gone through many ups and downs. From 1950 to 1957, the Ministry of Education issued seven different high school curricula. All of them stipulated that there were to be three history classes each week in all six years of junior and senior high school. This meant that history took up nearly 10 percent of the total teaching hours, ranking fourth in weighting in the curricula, after Chinese, mathematics, and foreign languages. In the 1958 curriculum, however, the Ministry of Education reduced the teaching time by one-third. Then, a new curriculum in 1963 stipulated that history was to be taught only in Junior II and III and Senior I, thereby further reducing teaching hours to only 4.5 percent of the total.     

《音乐课程标准》与高师音乐课程改革的思考

高师音乐课程改革应领会《音乐课程标准》的价值观念,以服务于中小学音乐教育为基本点,充分认识音乐学科的性质以及中小学音乐教师应必备的能力,拓宽思路,构建高师音乐教育专业课程的“四大模块”,从而推动音乐教学的改革。     

Contemporary Art and the Role of Interpretation: Reflections from Tate Modern's Summer Institute for Teachers

Recent research indicates that the taught curriculum in art and design secondary school education pays scant attention to meaning‐making in visual art. This article explores possibilities for teaching interpretation through a report on an action‐research project based on Tate Modern's Summer Institute for Teachers. In doing so it argues for the value and necessity of interpretation as a taught skill.     

加强欠发达地区师专思想政治课的针对性和时效性

思想政治课是保证社会主义办学方向的重要载体,但欠发达地区师专思想政治教育课要针对"统一教学大纲、课本"教学,生源种类增多,师资队伍建设的挑战,提高思想政治教育课的实效性。     

构建特色初中生物课型形成有思维流量的课堂

我国自步入21世纪以来,经济不断发展,科技水平不断提高,越来越多的人对教育改革提出更高的要求,为了满足社会发展的需求,教育部门应该与时俱进,不断创新,通过信息技术,提升学生的积极性,满足学生个性化发展.在初中的生物教学中,教师应该注重学生的个性化发展,构建教学形态,赋予初中生物课程独特的价值性.相关研究专家提出,需要在教学课堂中融入一些课堂要素,可以根据课程目标不同的设定来进行选择性的添加,组建成一个新的多种课程类型的生物课堂.     

THE RE-EMERGENCE OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN BRITISH EDUCATION POLICY

ABSTRACT:  Character education is a specific approach to morals or values education, which is consistently linked with citizenship education. But how is it possible for a heterogeneous society that disagrees about basic values to reach a consensus on what constitutes character education? This article explores how character education has returned to the agenda of British education policy, having been largely neglected since the 1960s in response to unsatisfactory attempts at character education going back to the nineteenth century. Between 1979 and 1997 Conservative governments attempted to reverse a perceived decline in moral standards, established State control of the schools curriculum, imposed on State schools the duty to provide for moral and other development, and established a National Forum which attempted to articulate a set of consensus values in education. Labour has extended these developments in the curriculum, introduced compulsory citizenship education, and its White Paper of September 2001 speaks of 'education with character'. The character and virtues Labour seeks to promote through schools are pragmatic and instrumental in intention, linked to raising pupil school performance, meeting the needs of the new economy, and promoting democratic participation. Otherwise the vision is pluralistic and evades explicit directives, and there is no explanation or analysis of its theoretical basis.
  The question of how agreement can be reached on what counts as character education may benefit from Sunstein's analysis of how law is possible in a heterogeneous society –'incompletely theorized agreements on particular cases' allow for common laws without agreement on fundamental principles. Many schools in fact operate in this way, but such a consensus is not entirely stable and runs the danger of teaching character education as a series of behaviour outcomes taught in a behaviourist fashion.     

小学全科型卓越教师的内涵、特征与培养路径

儿童的认知世界并无学科之分,在启蒙教育阶段实施综合性养成教育,可以更好帮助儿童从立体的生活世界过渡到具有整体图式的认知世界,全科型卓越教师的提出与素养教育的现实诉求相契合。儿童认知规律和国内外全科教师研究都表明,小学全科型卓越教师的本质内涵不是能胜任全部科目的教学,而是能否遵循儿童认知发展规律,有效整合各学科知识,并具备设计和实施这类整合性课程教学的能力,更好促进儿童品性的发展。但是,目前小学全科型卓越教师的培养在教师教育的课程体系和师资队伍中都还存在若干挑战。可从师资队伍建设、课程与教学改革和增强职业吸引力三个路径入手,探索小学全科型卓越教师的有效培养。     

新课程改革背景下小学全科教师培养路径研究

《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》明确提出课程结构要改变“过于强调学科本位、科目过多和缺乏整合的现状”,小学阶段则应“以综合课程为主”。《小学教师专业标准(试行)》要求小学教师“适应小学综合型教学的要求、了解多学科知识”“了解所教学科与社会实践的联系、了解与其他学科的联系”。从知识能力结构、课程设置、教育教学模式、情感态度等方面提出小学全科教师培养路径。     

Do inclusion practices for pupils with special educational needs in the English as a foreign language class in Israel reflect inclusion laws and language policy requirements?

The study of additional languages is mandatory for all pupils in most European countries. Usually, the first foreign language is English. This is due to the status of English as a global language. According to inclusion laws, pupils with special educational needs (SEN) should be taught in regular classes with support services by teachers with special education training. Often, however, foreign language teachers lack training and do not know how to adapt teaching methods for pupils with SEN in the regular language learning class. In this study, 109 elementary school teachers filled out questionnaires examining practices and attitudes about inclusion of pupils with SEN in the English as a foreign language (EFL) class in Israel. Findings indicated that pupils with SEN are included in regular EFL classes, taught with the same materials as the class, usually by teachers with no specialised training and no teaching assistants. Teachers are not always encouraged to take in-service courses on how to teach these pupils. No significant difference were found between teachers with and without special education training regarding inclusion practices, but slight differences were found with regards to attitudes towards inclusion of pupils with SEN. The majority of teachers felt that pupils with SEN should be taught in special education settings with specialised materials, and not in the regular education class. These findings raise questions regarding the efficacy of inclusion laws and language learning policies.     

How do teachers interpret and transform entrepreneurship education?

During the last decade, entrepreneurship education has become a central curricular topic in many locations in the world. In Sweden, entrepreneurship education was implemented in the curriculum for the first time in 2011, as something that should be included in all upper secondary school programmes. In this article, we focus on one of these programmes, the handicraft programme, investigating how entrepreneurship education is formulated in the latest curriculum and how teachers understand and transform such content in their teaching. Drawing on Bernstein’s concepts of classification and framing, we illustrate how entrepreneurship education in the Swedish curriculum has a ‘dual definition’, representing very different framing and classification, but still clearly belongs in a ‘market relevance’ discourse. This is expressed through the way in which the concept is transformed by teachers in their teaching. We also find that entrepreneurship education has low legitimacy among teachers, particularly when it is classified weakly. The weak framing and classification, taken together with the low legitimacy among teachers, are likely to lead to very different transformations of entrepreneurship education in different educational contexts. In the long run, this could have a negative effect on the equivalence of teaching at upper secondary school.     

Constructing education for sustainable development: the secondary school geography curriculum and initial teacher training

If education is a solution in working toward a sustainable future then initial teacher training (ITT) provides a strategic opportunity for ensuring that all teachers are able to teach for sustainability when they begin their teaching careers. This paper reports on a study of how four Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) student teachers planned and taught education for sustainable development (ESD) through geography during a school placement. It was carried out to provide exemplification of the nature of student teachers' planning and teaching about ESD in secondary schools in England and to identify ways of improving their PGCE course. The findings are based on interviews with student teachers after the school placement, as well documentary evidence. Policy‐driven changes in the provision of both ITT and school curricula and pedagogy in England are an important context for the study. The paper concludes by arguing that ITT faces considerable challenges if it is to be reoriented towards sustainability.     

A comparison of student perceptions of Dutch physics teachers' interpersonal behavior and their educational opinions in 1984 and 1993

According to the literature, in the 1980s the intended science curriculum exhibited a worldwide movement toward a curriculum for all, with a more contextually embedded approach. In writings about science teaching pedagogy, a trend can be observed to consider seriously students' conceptions, based on the premises of constructivism. This article examines consequences of these trends for teacher behavior and concludes that classes should become more student centered. In terms of the model for interpersonal teacher behavior (Wubbels & Levy, 1993), teachers must give their students more responsibility and act in a more understanding way. It is to be expected that teachers' beliefs and opinions have to change before this trend can be implemented in the classroom. We have therefore tested whether teachers' opinions about objectives and content of physics education, on the one hand, and the implemented curriculum, particularly teachers' interpersonal behavior, on the other, display the same trend observed in the intended curriculum. In 1984 and 1993, data on students' perceptions of their teachers' behavior were gathered from ninth-grade students of a random sample of Dutch physics teachers. Data on the teachers' self-perceptions of their behavior and their opinions about physics education also were included. The results show that teachers were more in favor of realistic teaching content in 1993 than in 1984, a shift that is in line with the trend in the intended curriculum. Students' perceptions indicated clearly that Dutch teachers behaved less dominantly and more cooperatively in 1993 than in 1984. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 34: 447–466, 1997.     

融合教育体系中的学科课程与教学课程建设———以师范院校“语文课程与教学”课程为例

融合教育需要融合学校和融合教育师资,融合教育师资的培养需要有适应融合教育的课程。“语文课程与教学”是师范院校小学教育和特殊教育专业的一门重要课程,为了适应融合教育师资培养的需要,必须对这门课程进行改革,构建新的课程体系,在课程性质、结构内容和课程资源建设各方面体现融合教育理念和语文教育特点,以区别于普通学校“语文课程与教学”和“特殊（聋、弱智、盲）学校语文课程与教学”,并把这门课程纳入融合教育师资培养的课程体系中。