高教大众化背景下教师育人精神的缺失与重塑

教师的育人精神体现一所大学的精神.然而,高教大众化以来,随着高校内部体制的深刻变革,同时受各种因素的影响,教师的育人精神出现了某种缺失,这种缺失很不利于教育事业的健康发展.本文在界定教师育人精神的基本内涵、分析造成教师育人精神缺失的主要原因基础上,进行了相应的对策思考.     

Metacognitive ability from a theory-of-mind perspective: a cross-cultural study of students with and without hearing loss

Theory of Mind (see, e.g., Bartsch & Estes, 1996) is a concept that can help educators understand how students think about their state of mind and that of others involved in various life situations. To examine the impact of culture and the impact of hearing loss on metacognition as explained by Theory of Mind, two samples of students with and without hearing losses who were from two different cultures were compared on their ability to choose pictures representing their perspectives on specific life situations. The two groups did not differ in their metacognitive interpretations of the experiences when they were from the same culture, although students from different cultures did differ, indicating that culture may have a greater impact on metacognition as explained by Theory of Mind than hearing loss. Data collected in the present study affirmed previous research showing that students with hearing losses could make metacognitive decisions about life situations just as ably as their hearing peers from the same culture.     

COVID-19 learning losses: Early grade reading in South Africa

Using three different studies on early grade reading from no-fee schools across in South Africa, this paper establishes short-term learning losses in reading for grade 2 and 4 students from under-resourced school contexts. We find that in 2020 grade 2 students lost between 57 % and 70 % of a year of learning relative to their pre-pandemic peers. Among a grade 4 sample, learning losses are estimated at between 62 % and 81 % of a year of learning. Considering that in 2020 students in the samples lost between 56 %–60 % of contact teaching days due to school closures and rotational timetabling schedules compared to a pre-pandemic year, this implies learning to schooling loss ratios in the region of 1–1.4. There is some evidence from the grade 4 sample that the reading trajectories of children benefiting more from attending school pre-pandemic – namely girls and children with stronger initial reading proficiency - are more negatively impacted. Mitigating the long-run implications of these learning losses will require a significant pivoting of the education system to ensure that instructional practices are appropriately levelled to optimise learning.     

The mourning of the health care professional: an important element in education about death and loss

This article explores the centrality of the mourning process in the education of developing health care professionals who are the survivors of complex and manifold losses. This was discussed in an elective seminar for senior medical students and graduate nurses. Learning about clinical responsibility often occurred in the context of loss and mourning. The outcome of mourning included for some a greater sensitivity to the impact of clinical interventions and a more accurate empathy for losses incurred by patients as a result of illness. Old and unresolved loss and mourning experiences were reawakened as a result of the seminar, which led to a sorting and mastering of these experiences. This is felt to be a common result of discussions about encounters with death and loss. Courses on death and dying for the health care professional, although important, are not sufficient by themselves for mastery of these topics. Clinical teachers must be aware of the student's response to loss and provide an atmosphere that legitimizes learning about these issues. The principles of awareness and open acknowledgement of loss and mourning are applicable to all health care settings.     

Surviving Losses and Limits:

Psychotherapists in a university setting face a unique set of losses and limits that must be understood in order to provide effective service. The limits are defined by a setting which calls for short-term interventions. The loss results from multiple endings and the difficulties for therapist and students when intensive attachments are formed. The primary task is not one of providing ongoing intensive psychotherapy, but more often is based on an assessment and counseling model with the necessity of making referrals for more intensive psychotherapy. The pscyhotherapist must come to terms with the dilemma of loss and learn to become aware of defensive reactions which may develop to protect against the loss.     

Working with 'Difficult' Children from the Inside Out: Loss and Bereavement and how the Creative Arts can Help

Most teachers will come into contact with pupils who are experiencing or have experienced a loss or bereavement and they often feel ill equipped to offer the kind of support they would like to. This paper offers insights into the nature of this area and a specific approach through which children may be supported. The writer discusses some research and thinking on loss and bereavement and the implications of this. She presents two case studies of work with individual students using the creative arts. She also discusses the connections between behavioural problems, loss and the use of the arts in supporting the students.     

高校扩招的“度”及其对策

为了使高校扩招能够向着和谐的方向发展,真正做到学校和学生的福利损失最小,文章通过对个人和社会总收益损失、过高或过低收费的福利损失和就业难问题的分析,从中得出高校扩招要把握一定的＂度＂,进而从社会收益、收益福利、就业率三个方面提出相应的对策。     

Stop,Think, Do! Treating and Preventing Social-Behavioural Problems in School

Most teachers will come into contact with pupils who are experiencing or have experienced a loss or bereavement and they often feel ill equipped to offer the kind of support they would like to. This paper offers insights into the nature of this area and a specific approach through which children may be supported. The writer discusses some research and thinking on loss and bereavement and the implications of this. She presents two case studies of work with individual students using the creative arts. She also discusses the connections between behavioural problems, loss and the use of the arts in supporting the students.     

英语教学应重视解决具体问题

时态、语态、引语、问句和否定等,是我国现阶段中学英语教学中的一些基本问题,也是中学生将来进一步深造所需的基础知识。但是中学课本对这些问题只做了规律性的总结,因此很多学生在遇到某些特殊情况时常常不知所措。本文针对大学英语教学过程中出现的此类具体问题进行了简单的归纳,希望对大学英语学习者有所帮助。     

A Study of the Relationship between Parental Acceptance and the Academic Achievement of Adolescents

Abstract

A key issue involved in studying the sustained impact of Title I programs is whether gains achieved during the school year are lost over the summer. Previous studies, using simulated projects from a large data base, show summer gains. This study, using actual local data, reveals substantial losses across 704 students, 20 districts, 7 grades, and 8 tests. It also demonstrates that students exhibiting the largest gains during the school year register the largest losses during the summer. This study indicates that losses, not gains, may be anticipated as districts complete the sustained effects evaluation required b> Title I.     

防止高校国有资产隐性流失的对策研究

高校资产中出现的资产闲置、重复购置、资产流失等现象已引起各方的重视，但是，高校隐性流失的资产却未引起足够的重视。该文从高校资产隐性流失的界定及现状，以及防止国有资产隐性流失的措施、高校资产管理者在防止国有资产隐性流失中的责任等方面进行了探讨。     

大学生零工资就业的法律思考

大学生零工资就业是我国大学毕业生在就业压力加大的情况下,出现的以放弃工资和福利待遇为代价谋取工作岗位的特殊现象。作为就业市场的一种新现象,它得到了社会的的关注。大学生零工资就业协议不是劳动合同,违反了《劳动法》的规定。大学生零工资就业应视为＂准就业＂,当大学生受到损害时比照正常就业者待遇进行损害赔偿。政府对这种现象可取政府起薪指导价的政策进行引导。     

The effect of school closures on standardised student test outcomes

The school closures owing to the 2020 COVID-19 crisis resulted in a significant disruption of education provision, leading to fears of learning losses and of an increase in educational inequality. This article evaluates the effects of school closures based on standardised tests in the last year of primary school in the Dutch-speaking Flemish region of Belgium. Using a 6-year panel, we find that students of the 2020 cohort experienced significant learning losses in three out of five tested subjects, with a decrease in school averages of mathematics scores of 0.17 standard deviations and Dutch scores (reading, writing, language) of 0.19 standard deviations as compared to previous cohorts. This finding holds when accounting for school characteristics, standardised tests in Grade 4 and school fixed effects. Given the large observed effect sizes, the effect of school closures appears to be a combination of lost learning progress and learning loss. Moreover, we observe that inequality both within schools and across schools rises by 7% for mathematics and 8% for Dutch. The learning losses are correlated with observed school characteristics, as schools with a more disadvantaged student population experience larger learning losses.     

中小学校学生伤害事故中的管理责任问题

每一起学生伤害事故都会最终逼问学校的管理责任。依法处理往往只涉及学校管理的法律责任，但是，社会的关注却是全方位的。事实上，很多学校事故的发生总牵连着道义上的责任，学校从道义上多给予关照，事故就不至于发生或损失可以减小。责任是关键。学校的管理责任包括法律上的责任和道德上的责任。     

Academic engagement in students with a hearing loss in distance education

This investigation compared 267 students with a hearing loss and 178 students with no declared form of disability who were taking courses by distance learning in terms of their scores on an abbreviated version of the Academic Engagement Form. Students with a hearing loss obtained lower scores than students with no disability with regard to communication with other students, but some felt that communication was easier than in a traditional academic situation. Students who were postvocationally deaf had lower scores than students with no disability on learning from other students, but they obtained higher scores on student autonomy and student control. In general, the impact of a hearing loss on engagement in distance education is relatively slight.     

铁磁斯特林制冷机的(火用)经济优化性能

应用有限时间热力学理论,建立铁磁斯特林制冷循环模型,考虑有限速率热传导、回热损失等因素,基于铁磁材料的热力学性质,导出铁磁斯特林制冷循环的优化性能,进而以利润率为目标,导得最大利润率情况时的制冷系数及其他性能参数,所得结论可为铁磁斯特林制冷机的研制和设计提供理论指导.①     

CISG中损害赔偿制度评析

随着CISG的广泛适用,其损害赔偿制度凸显出许多问题。CISG明确规定了损害赔偿的请求权、完全赔偿原则、可预见性规则等问题,但未明确解决损害赔偿的计算时间和地点、损益相抵原则、过失相抵原则、未来损失赔偿、机会损失赔偿、非金钱损失赔偿、损害赔偿的货币问题,也未涉及到人身伤害赔偿、信赖利益、违约金条款问题。CISG中损害赔偿制度有待进一步统一。     

高职高专新生诚信观的培养途径新探

当前,大学新生中存在不同程度的道德诚信缺失现象。加强新生诚信观的培养是大学生思想建设的重要内容。文章分析了高职高专新生诚信缺失的状况及原因,并通过诚信教育贯穿教育全过程、营造诚信环境、完善诚信建设制度等方面来探寻解决问题的方法和途径。     

The impact of funding cuts to further education colleges in Scotland

This article explores the impact of funding cuts to the Further Education colleges in Scotland. The reduction in the number of students in the colleges has been hugely politically controversial. The research utilised the Infact database on the Scottish Funding Council’s website and also a literature review. The research found there had been a significant reduction in the number of students aged under 16 and 25 and over. This is related to a decision to focus on full-time courses for school leavers and to stop funding courses which lead to no recognised qualifications or last less than ten hours. The implications of this are that an increased focus on employability and qualification attainment of school leavers is important to increase employability and reduce the likelihood of NEET and/or enter a long-term cycle of low skilled work and unemployment. However, the reduction of other courses may affect part-time and older students. Many people will be prevented from retraining or upskilling as they are only able to study part-time. This would likely hit those with disabilities and caring responsibilities proportionately harder. Furthermore, there is a concern over the loss of staff from the sector, particularly those with skills of assisting students with additional support needs. The focus on employability courses may well come at the expense of basic living skills courses, which some students may have to undertake before progressing to an employability course. The implications may be that these students simply do not attend college at all and there may be additional costs to support them elsewhere.     

多元与缺失——新时期文学思潮研究扫描

新时期学思潮的研究思路已形成了多样化格局，理论形态更加丰富，但在纷繁多元的分类中，存在着缺失：整体性观照不足，缺乏民族主体性，批判性和理论勇气的丧失。