禅宗思想在心理治疗中的应用研究进展

近年来,禅宗的思想作为一个重要的元素渐渐地融入心理治疗当中。文章对近十年来国内学者在这个方面的研究成果作了一个简要综述,其中包括禅宗思想对心理健康的意义的基础性研究、禅宗思想与西方各个心理治疗学派的对比研究、禅修对心理治疗师的心理健康影响研究、禅宗式心理疗法研究等几个方面的进展。     

民族与文化视野中的心理健康研究

本文通过对社会文化取向的健康观念、典型的精神障碍在不同文化族群中的表现及其与特定文化的关系,民族的、本土的心理治疗方法整合于现代心理治疗理论与实践的尝试等进行分析后认为:健康的积极品质已超越生理而进入了心理和社会生活领域;在社会文化取向的医学人类学发展的带动下,关注文化和个体行为两个变量关系的跨文化心理学,也将为人类健康做出新的贡献.     

The impact of parental bipolar affective disorder on adolescent behaviour – positive messages to young people,parents, teachers and other professionals working with children whose parents suffer from mental health problems

The impact of parental mental health difficulties on the developing child is well evidenced and documented. In this article Kate Olliver‐Kneafsey, Ev Thornton and Wendy Williamson suggest that despite the difficulties young people face when parental mental illness is a feature of family life, it is not all gloom and doom, and give some important positive messages for parents, teachers and other children’s practitioners.     

高校特困生心理健康教育的思考

文章阐述了高校特困生存在的心理健康问题及特点,并从家庭、学校、社会三方面分析了心理问题产生的原因,提出相应的解决措施。     

基于OpenGL和VC＋＋的大学生心理治疗虚拟现实系统设计

虚拟现实是由计算机技术和网络技术集成的新型综合信息技术,具有广泛的军事、工业、教育和医疗等应用前景。通过考察当前我国大学生的心理健康状况,提出了心理治疗过程模型,并结合认知理论和混沌理论提出利用虚拟现实技术解决抑郁症、强迫症的方法。在此基础上,设计了基于OpenGL和VC＋＋的虚拟现实心理治疗系统框架,同时探讨了OpenGL和3DMAX三维建模、碰撞检测和人机交互等技术。     

叙事心理辅导中的舞蹈治疗

舞蹈能够通过身体语言表达人们内心深处的情感,并由此处理个人心理困扰而成为心理治疗与辅导的方式。舞蹈治疗在现代舞蹈的基础上发展而来。其基本原理包括了身心相互影响,内在冲突外化,经验重构,关系协调。舞蹈治疗的方法在于身体与心智并重、语言与非语言兼用。它凭借其动作性、想象性、节律性而在心理辅导与治疗中发挥着独特的作用。     

Teachers’ perceptions of the concomitance of emotional behavioural difficulties and learning disabilities in children referred for learning disabilities in Oman

Research has documented overlapping and coexisting characteristics of learning disabilities (LD) and emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD). Such concomitance may impact teacher referrals of children at risk for LD which in turn may influence service delivery. Using the Learning Disabilities Diagnostic Inventory (LDDI) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), we examined teachers’ ratings of EBD and LD symptoms in 439 students referred for LD in elementary schools in Oman. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that there were no gender differences in LD symptoms, whereas there were significant gender differences in teachers’ ratings of hyperactivity and conduct problems in referred children. There was an association between teachers’ ratings on the LDDI and SDQ dimensions, reflecting children’s concurrent display of LD and EBD symptoms. Implications are discussed within an Omani context in which there is a need to increase teachers’ awareness of the behavioural and emotional profile of children at risk for LD.     

Mental health and special educational needs: exploring a complex relationship

The relationship between mental health and special educational needs is both complex and misunderstood. In this article, Richard Rose, Professor of Special and Inclusive Education, Marie Howley, Senior Lecturer, Ann Fergusson, Senior Lecturer, and Johnson Jament, a PhD student, all from the Centre for Special Needs Education and Research directed by Richard Rose at the University of Northampton, discuss findings from a national research project which explored the perceptions of pupil mental health needs by staff working in residential special schools. Teachers and other professional colleagues often feel ill-prepared to address mental health difficulties experienced by their pupils. This is, at times, exacerbated by a wider confusion when atypical behaviours are attributed to a diagnosed learning difficulty rather than being recognised as symptomatic of a mental health problem. The article suggests a need for clarification of the relationship between complex special educational needs and mental health and for increases in training opportunities and the development of resources for teaching about and supporting mental health and emotional well-being.     

Do emotional and behavioural difficulties in primary school predict adolescent victimisation trajectories?

Chronic victimisation in adolescence is a traumatic experience with potential negative long-term health consequences. Given that victimisation has been shown to increase over the transition from primary to secondary school, longitudinal data from 1810 students transitioning from primary to secondary school were used to identify victimisation trajectory groups; classified as low-increasing, low-stable, medium-stable and not-bullied. Males with emotional and behavioural difficulties (both internalising and externalising behaviours) and females with externalising behaviours were more likely to be in the increasing and stable victimised groups than the not-bullied group. The results of this study suggest whole-school bullying intervention programmes need to occur before students reach secondary school, and that transition programmes need to emphasise and support social interaction between peers to reduce victimisation and the harms caused by long-term exposure to bullying.     

Development of School Attendance Difficulties: An Exploratory Study

This article discusses aspects of school attendance difficulties, focusing on why a minority of children decide to miss school. It is an exploratory study representing a developmental approach that aims to establish the immediate determinants of school absence to gain more understanding of the nature of attendance difficulties and eventually inform practitioner methods. Questionnaires, designed to measure attitudes, perceptions and parent–child interaction over school absence were administered to two hundred and nine 12–13 year olds attending a comprehensive school. Thirty-five individual interviews were carried out with good and poor attenders to clarify the questionnaire responses. It was concluded that school attendance difficulties develop like other defiant behaviour problems, with parental reaction playing a major role. Government policies encouraging the use of punitive measures with parents of poor attenders do not provide practitioners or pastoral staff with the sophisticated working methods necessary to help poor attending children achieve an education.     

The David Wills Lecture 2001

Abstract

In this, the Annual David Wills Lecture, Dr. John Visser explores common, recurrent themes in the development of our understanding of approaches to EBD. He describes these themes as eternal verities!