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1.
全纳教育的元型   总被引:7,自引:10,他引:7  
在普通学校采用随班就读的方式 ,帮助残疾儿童学习的改革存在两种几乎无法兼容的观点。一种观点认为随班就读是很有成效的 ,值得加以大力推动 ,深化改革。另一种观点认为随班就读的条件尚不具备 ,存在随班就混的情况 ,需要得到纠正。本文采用全纳性教育的理论与来自 8个实验学校的案例 ,对学校在实践中所取得的经验进行描述性分析 ,借此讨论、评述构建全纳教育、全纳学校、全纳课堂的教学改革的可行性以及值得进一步研究的问题。  相似文献   

2.
    
This paper describes the different challenges faced by all members of the local community who are directly or indirectly responsible for the educational reform regarding the process of inclusion in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Yugoslavia education system is regulated in canton legislature. Each canton has its own law on preschool, elementary school, high school and university education, with more than 30 laws covering the area of education. General and special education are separately regulated, thus violating the rights of children with special needs to be educated in the mainstream schools closest to their home. Negative attitudes, prejudices and stereotypes, educational standards non supportive for the inclusive education, lack of engagement of university facilities and negligence of scientifically based research are also considered in this study.  相似文献   

3.
    
This was the first qualitative study of the inclusion of children with special needs into regular schools in Slovenia that focused on inter-professional collaboration and its contributions to the inclusion process. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with primary school teachers (N?=?36) and occupational therapists (N?=?9) to explore their personal experiences. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis (Strauss, A., and J. Corbin. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage). Two categories pertaining to inter-professional collaboration emerged from the analysis. They described different barriers and strategies that either inhibited or facilitated the cooperation process. The experiences of teachers and occupational therapists differed; however, both professional groups expressed frustration with organisational and systemic factors that often prevented better exchange of knowledge and information. Due to the organisation of work and financial issues, occupational therapists had limited access to the school environment; therefore, they generally showed more eagerness to increase the level of collaboration and their presence at the school. The study also pointed out how the roles of certain professionals are not recognised, suggesting the need for more promotional work. If inclusion in Slovenia is to be fully implemented, collaboration between different professionals working with children with special needs must strengthen. This will require some significant organisational, cultural and also personal transformations.  相似文献   

4.
This is a systematic review article of 27 studies on what existing research tells us about the experience (or lack of experience) of inclusion in Physical Education (PE) among disabled students, which localised factors are promoting or hampering inclusion in PE and to what extent attitudes are decisive in these localised processes. Seventeen studies examined teachers’ attitudes and 10 studies examined students’ experiences. The analysis follows the guidelines recommended by Harden and colleagues for ‘view-studies’; systematic reviews based on both qualitative and quantitative studies. The main findings reveal that students with disabilities experience exclusion and a lack of belonging in PE, but in some of the most recent articles we find students with disabilities who ‘love PE’. PE teachers share the normative goal of inclusion but perceive it as impossible to achieve due to a lack of competence and a lack of resources, but mostly due to the presupposition of the constructed ‘normate’ PE student.  相似文献   

5.
    
This article focuses on the Chinese traditional culture, specifically Confucian philosophy, and analyses four core concepts of Confucianism which include ‘ren’ (Benevolence), ‘Jun zi’ (Superior man), ‘Tian ming’ (heaven’s mandate), and ‘Xiao ti’ (Filial piety and fraternal love). Based on these core concepts, this study explores how social attitudes in China (and among Chinese people living in other countries) toward people with disabilities are formed and influenced by Confucian philosophy, and how they impact the education of people with disabilities. It suggests that the related social attitudes of sympathy, rights awareness, and criteria of success, especially school performance in this case, can have both positive and negative impacts on inclusive education for children with disabilities. Strategies are suggested for encouraging attitude change, when appropriate, in order to facilitate special education and inclusion and how to do so in a manner that is culturally respectful of the core beliefs based on Confucianism.  相似文献   

6.
"混合"教学有两方面的含义:一方面是指不同类型的残疾学习者的混合;另一方面是指多种教与学手段相互补充,取长补短,综合应用。采用面向视障人士、聋哑人士、肢体残疾人士学习的"混合"教学模式,不仅适用于各类残疾人学习计算机文化基础课程,同时这种模式也能够推广到其他课程,成为残疾人教学的有效模式。  相似文献   

7.
为视力残疾学生提供合乎需要的教育,是提高我国视障教育质量应重点探索与研究的问题。在盲校内实施按需施教,主要是针对视力残疾学生个体差异实行分类教育,针对个体内的差异开展分组教学与个别教学,以使他们获得发展  相似文献   

8.
新加坡特殊教育改革新进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文主要介绍新加坡特殊教育的发展历程以及现状 ,包括特殊教育服务的简明历史、服务组织及其运作、全纳教育、教师培训等。新加坡特殊教育取得一系列成就的同时也面临着全新的挑战  相似文献   

9.
论全纳教育的教育原则   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11  
要实施全纳性教育 ,就须遵循全纳教育的基本原则 :主体性原则、教育正常化原则、早期干预原则、成功教育原则、平等教育原则、系统教育原则、个别化教育原则等。当前推进全纳性教育还存在许多问题 ,因此必须形成关于全纳性教育的系统理论 ,在全纳性教育的原则指导下 ,推进全纳性教育改革。  相似文献   

10.
11.
建国后,浙江省特殊教育经历了两个阶段:1949年至“文化大革命”结束,是初步展开阶段;“文革”结束后至今,是快速发展阶段。经过60年的发展,浙江特殊教育取得了长足进步,促进了残疾儿童权益保护工作。历史经验是:政府高度重视是前提,经济社会发展是基础,制定政策法规是保障,加大投入是关键,统整特殊教育发展与残疾儿童权益保护是深层动力。当然,浙江省的特殊教育也面临诸多亟待解决的问题。  相似文献   

12.
全纳教育的核心内涵就是教育公平.特殊儿童作为弱势群体中一个规模较大的群体,在其接受教育时,用全纳教育的思想指导,更有利于特殊儿童享受公平的教育权利.本文基于全纳教育视角,试图从受教育权利平等、教育过程的公平及教育结果的公平三个方面论述教育公平理念,并在此基础上提出促进全纳教育的发展是促进特殊儿童教育公平的有效途径.  相似文献   

13.
在正常儿童学前教育普及率只有24%的1975年,美国即颁布了为所有残疾幼儿提供适当和免费的学前教育的法律,并逐步严格地在全国范围内实施这一法律,使得残疾儿童学前教育的发展速度远远领先于正常儿童的学前教育。在各级政府的共同努力下,美国已普及了残疾儿童的免费学前教育。美国奉行的残疾儿童学前教育先行发展的政策值得我国借鉴。  相似文献   

14.
国外学习障碍儿童的非标签化教育取向   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文从标签理论出发,提出了非标签化的教育取向,从诊断和安置两个环节介绍了国外学习障碍儿童非标签化教育的实施现状,总结了非标签化教育的实施过程中的有关争论,并结合我国的学习障碍儿童教育实践进行了讨论。  相似文献   

15.
融合教育是当今国际特殊教育发展的必然趋势,也是文明社会充分体现自由、平等、互助理念的输出平台之一。我国重视融合教育发展,从顶层设计、政策法规、高校学术支持等方面加强管理,促进融合教育在全国各省市全面铺开,但目前我国融合教育发展仍面临教学质量差、严重缺乏具备特殊教育背景的师资、缺乏实施标准规范、重视程度不足以及柔性文化尚未建立等困境。推进融合教育发展亟需健全法规,建立标准化认证体系,建立专家委员会指导机制,加强国际交流与合作,发展中贯穿中国优秀传统文化,创新产业反哺需求,培养残障儿童的综合素养等,同时借助艺术教育搭建残障儿童与世界交流的平台,用艺术康复他们的身心,用艺术来挖掘他们的优长,努力为残障儿童开启一个公平、公正的教育新时代。  相似文献   

16.
    
The role of teacher training, as it pertains to the adoption of inclusive education (IE) (European Journal of Special, 22, 2007, 367), is critical in realizing and achieving truly IE environments. Literature often reports poor or inadequate training with regard to IE practices (Preparing Teachers of the Deaf for a Complex, Jacksonville, FL). The purpose of this review was to examine North American and Australian research regarding teacher training for students with disabilities (SWD) with the goal of informing best practice. Of the 27 reviewed studies, teacher training interventions reported positive outcomes and showed improvements in the areas of teachers’ attitudes/perceptions, knowledge, and strategies/skill development (Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 32, 2009, 166) regarding IE SWD. The researchers cautiously recommend the employment of workshop style approaches as they appear to have the capacity to tackle all three outcome variables concurrently and within the shortest timeframe. Our restrained recommendations for best practice are born out of the quality of evidence presented within the reviewed studies.  相似文献   

17.
受教育权是我国公民的一项基本权利,残疾儿童作为我国公民的一部分,其受教育权利的实现是国家文明进步的标志,他们受教育的权利与正常儿童一样也应得到保护,但是由于社会、家庭、学校、儿童自身等方面的原因,残疾儿童的受教育权没有得到很好的实现,因此,我们必须强化残疾儿童受教育权的保障措施。  相似文献   

18.
从分析甘肃临夏回族自治中的经济社会环境及残疾人口情况,了解了民族地区残疾儿童的教育状况、指出残疾儿童特殊教育存在的问题,并对民族地区残疾儿童特殊教育工作的难点和侧重点提出看法。  相似文献   

19.
    
Adequate policies for faculty training in diversity continue to be pending on the agendas of many universities. This paper presents the recommendations of 44 university students with disabilities not only for adequate faculty training, but also on informing them on both matters of the disability itself and how to respond to the needs derived from it. The data analyzed come from research funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness ‘University Barriers and Aids Identified by Students with Disabilities’, which has been underway since 2011. A biographical-narrative methodology was used. The university life histories of the students were compiled by making use of in-depth interviews, lifelines and photographs. The conclusions of the study discuss the main results along with other previous studies, and recommendations are made so universities can provide training plans leading to inclusive education and learning.  相似文献   

20.
    
We describe educational experiences of people with disabilities who attended special schools in South Africa. We found significant differences in education between White and Black participants in terms of teaching quality, access to therapy and assistive devices, class sizes, subjects, and grades offered. Additional differences were noted between participants with congenital and early-onset disabilities, and those with degenerative or acquired disabilities who moved from a mainstream school to a special school. Thirty-six percent of participants in this study completed their education after Education White Paper 6 (EWP6), South Africa’s inclusive education policy had been implemented. Despite this, findings suggest that all these participants experienced similar challenges as those who received their education during the apartheid era. This study highlights the important need to address the existing “special school” scenario, and effectively implement the principles of EWP6.  相似文献   

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