大学生就业竞争力的内涵及其培养

近年大学生的就业形势越加严峻,大学毕业生的就业问题成为社会各界关注的热点。大学毕业生就业竞争力分析可从内部和外部两方面入手,内部竞争力又分为隐性的素质能力和显性的素质能力。结合社会需求情况,大学生就业竞争力的培养可从基础能力的锻炼、加强素质教育、客观评价自己、创业教育,树立新的就业观念、完善就业指导服务体系、完善就业市场等六个方面进行。     

新生代农民工技能培训需求实证研究 ——基于河南省调查数据的分析

技能水平是新生代农民工的择业基础,提升新生代农民工技能水平依赖于技能培训工作的开展。在当前培训资源较为紧张的情况下,为发挥资源的最大效益,需要对新生代农民工技能培训需求进行科学分析。新生代农民工在培训意愿、培训主体、培训内容、培训方式、培训时间和培训出资方式等方面的需求具有自身的特点,通过建立良好的培训舆论环境、发挥政府的政策支持作用、合理选择和设置培训内容、灵活确定培训方式和时间、积极发挥企业的主体作用等,可以更好地满足新生代农民工技能培训需求。     

职业院校学生非专业能力培养与全面发展

部分职业院校将学生的职业能力培养简化为专业能力培养,导致了学生职业能力的缺乏,不能满足经济社会发展和学生全面发展的需求。职业院校学生完善的职业能力由专业能力和非专业能力构成,非专业能力包括方法能力、社会能力和情感能力。学生非专业能力的培养可以通过专业教学、能力拓展训练、心理辅导、课外活动、志愿者活动、社会调查活动等途径来进行。     

基于专业能力培养的成教课程体系的构建

分析了成教生专业能力学习需求与现行人才培养脱节的现状,确立根据行业、产业、职业、企业对职业能力的要求,实现成教人才由＂知识型＂培养模式向＂能力型＂培养模式的转换与提升。根据专业能力培养需要,构建＂基本技能课程＋专业能力课程＂兼顾＂发展能力＂的课程体系,提出运用＂治理＂理论和管理学方法构建成教课程体系。     

A Survey on Dementia Training Needs Among Staff at Community-Based Outpatient Clinics

Dementia is a major public health concern. Educating health-care providers about dementia warning signs, diagnosis, and management is paramount to fostering clinical competence and improving patient outcomes. The objective of this project was to describe and identify educational and training needs of staff at community-based outpatient clinics related to treating and managing veterans with dementia. Health professionals took an online survey consisting of questions related to general knowledge and skills in working with veterans with dementia and their families, staff training, and attitudes toward people with dementia. Most participants considered knowledge of dementia important; however, few reported having received training in dementia care within the past year. Furthermore, over half of participants considered themselves beginners in terms of knowledge and skills in dementia care. Regarding training needs, topics that could improve the overall care of veterans with dementia and their caregivers were most often cited. Participants reported being most satisfied with in-person training. Physicians rated their dementia knowledge and skill as greater than nurses'/other medical professionals’ and support staff's. Compared with support staff, nurses/other medical professionals held more positive attitudes toward persons with dementia. Survey results suggest that staff are interested in improving knowledge of, and skills for, working with persons with dementia, and that job classification is associated with differences in attitudes.     

基于职业能力本位的高职自动化实训课程改革——以温州职业技术学院为例

针对高职自动化专业课程开发建设与岗位职业能力需求不符问题,提出以职业能力为本位的课程改革措施,根据职业需求构建教学内容,以职业活动为主线开展教学活动,融入思政教育,注重关键能力培养。实践证明,改革使课程教学效果、学生就业水平等指标得到了明显改善,可有效提高学生专业能力和关键能力,满足学生未来职场需求。     

注重职业能力教育的培养模式转型研究——基于四川电大学生职业能力的调查分析

职业能力是人顺利完成职业活动所必需的能力,主要包括专业能力、方法能力和社会能力三个方面。当前电大学生低龄化趋势明显,参加工作时间较短,更换职业的需求较强。大部分学生认为缺乏专业操作技能,欠缺工作创新能力、与人沟通能力和协调合作能力。这进一步可以追溯至电大课程体系适应性差、考核方式单一、实验实习手段薄弱和忽视文化建设等方面的原因。在今后的发展中,电大应加速以能力培养为主导的培养模式的转型,找准培养目标定位,加快课程体系和考核方式改革,合理规划实验实习基地和校园文化建设,真正做到培养学生的关键职业能力。     

基于核心素养的数学计算教学探研

对数学学科而言,运算能力是数学学习中的基础能力。提高学生的运算能力是核心素养培养的重要内容之一。在核心素养培养背景下,教师应努力提高数学计算教学的质量,帮助学生不断提升数学计算能力和计算水平。教师应从夯实数学计算基础、传授相关计算技巧、做好计算总结等方面入手,不断提高学生的计算能力。     

Interpersonal skill-building for instructional developers

Although competence in the area of interpersonal skills has long been recognized as important by those in the instructional development (ID) profession, few academic programs instruct students in those skills. As they enter the field, students from such programs soon discover that it takes more than ID skills to be an effective instructional designer-developer. Positive interaction with SMES, clients, and colleagues soon emerges as equally important to getting the job done successfully. In an attempt to provide training in interpersonal skill-building, a course was implemented at Syracuse University's Area of Instructional Design, Development and Evaluation. The main goal of this course was for students to gain competence and confidence in their ability to interact with people. This article provides information about and insight into the content and activities of this course and personal reactions of the students who participated in it.     

Mothers’ beliefs about risk and risk-taking in children’s outdoor play

Research studies have shown that educational programmes such as camps and field trips can develop affective and social relationships through personal exposure to outdoor experiences among students. This study will illustrate the outcome of a social emotional learning camp organized for 93 Secondary Two students (mean age 14.1) in Singapore. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were carried out during camp to assess students’ social emotional competencies (SECs) such as their self-awareness, social awareness, self-management and relationship management and responsible decision-making. Students were found to have improved in all SECs from the pre–post test questionnaire. From their camp activities and their reflections, students were found to have greater self-awareness, relationship management and self-management skills. However, teachers’ observations showed that students scored lowest in relationship management skills. Students’ self-awareness, social awareness, self-management and relationship management were found to be predictive of responsible decision-making, with 71% of the variance explained. The implications of the findings will be discussed to assist schools in enhancing students’ SECs.     

The microcounselling approach in the training of school counsellors

Reflecting on the training programmes for school counsellors, I feel that there is a need for more adequate training in competences and skills in basic counselling and human relationships. There is a strong need for a more balanced approach between theory and practical application. This article examines microcounselling as an innovation in interviewing training for school counsellors in particular.     

A systematic review of bilingual education teachers’ competences

Ongoing globalisation processes call forth a need to foster students' intercultural competences and language skills. Simultaneously, teachers face an increasing diversity of students' first languages and cultures within classrooms, demanding responsive and integrative practices from them which address all students. Bilingual education is one possible format in which these challenges can be met; however, it requires a high level of teacher professionalism. This systematic literature review harvests international research on bilingual education teachers published between 1995 and 2020. It compares frameworks and research on bilingual education teachers’ required competences for secondary education and generates a professional competence model for bilingual education teachers. This systematic review of 79 individual reports identifies a total of 16 converging competences, many focusing on language proficiency and pedagogical/psychological knowledge. Furthermore, it yields important implications for bilingual teacher training such as the fostering of (academic) language proficiency, cooperation skills and knowledge of bilingual education research.     

非英语专业大学生翻译技巧教学效果调查

翻译能力是语言运用能力的一个重要组成部分,是一门需要指导和训练的专门性技能.本研究选取两个非英语专业班级作为实验对象,对实验班进行一学年的穿插式翻译技巧教学后进行测试.结果表明,此种教学能够较明显地提高学生的翻译能力.在随后的问卷调查中,部分学生认为此教学能够促进他们语法知识的加强和巩固,学生对这种教学持比较积极肯定的态度.     

A basic model of integration of ICT by teachers: competence and use

The process to integrate information and communication technologies (ICT), where teachers play a decisive role, is complex. The objective of this study is to build a basic model that connects teachers’ ICT technological and pedagogical competences with the use of these technological resources by teachers (both personal-professional use and use with students). The model also considers how personal and contextual factors influence this relationship. A secondary analysis study was used, whose sample included 1095 male and female Primary, Secondary and Higher Education teachers from the Valencian Community (east Spain). Information was collected with a questionnaire from two survey design studies. Using an MIMIC model, teachers’ integration of ICT was optimally modeled. This model shows a complex relation between competence and use. Technological competences influence pedagogical competences and personal-professional use, while pedagogical competences influence personal-professional use and use in class. Use in class is influenced by both pedagogical competences and personal-professional use. Personal and contextual factors influenced the four dimensions of use and competence. This basic model of the relationship between teachers’ ICT competences and using these educational resources helps us to understand the complex process of integrating ICT into classrooms. Therefore, this model is a key element to guide teacher training in ICT.     

试谈农村初中作文教学的现状及对策

农村初中的作文教学现状不容乐观,主要表现为：学生阅读量小,词汇贫乏,表意晦涩;生活单一,题材缺乏,作文无话可说;作文缺少兴趣,视作文为畏途;基本的方法技巧不足,难以成就佳篇.应对这种现状,我们采取的策略为：处理好阅读与写作的关系,激发学生阅读兴趣,培养阅读习惯,逐步提高学生的阅读能力;要以人为本,尊重学生的劳动,放大成功效应,激发学生的写作兴趣;要注意培养观察思考的习惯,培养学生用心灵去,感受世界,感悟生活的意识与能力;最后还要对学生进行必要的方法技巧训练.     

高校辅导员胜任特征结构模型的实证研究

高校辅导员胜任特征是其履行工作职责的关键要素。基于辅导员工作岗位职责和高校组织环境特征,高校辅导员胜任特征在知识、技能、社会角色、动机和特质五个方面都有特殊的要求。根据职责-素质匹配的研究思路和高校辅导员的内隐观调查发现,高校辅导员胜任特征由职业态度与品质、专业知识、人际沟通与协调、自我调节、问题解决能力、外倾性六个因素所构成。     

勾勒关键能力,打造优质生活——OECD关键能力框架概述

关键能力是个人实现自我、终身发展、融入主流社会和充分就业所必需的知识、技能及态度之集合,是一种通用能力或横向能力,从而使得每个人具有追求完美人生的热忱,以积极公民的身份参与社会进步的本领和在劳动力市场获得充分就业的表现。关键能力框架的核心是"个体的自我认识能力",表明其心智成熟、道德完善,勇于为自我学习和行动负责。     

城市各类成人学校培训农民工思探

农民工是工业化、城市化的主体,是产业发展和社会发展的基础。我国产品要建立质量声誉、占领市场。我国要由制造大国升至智造大国,任重而道远,其中提升含农民工在内的劳动力素质与技能是最关键和最核心的问题。城市成人学校理应介入、助力培训农民工,要利用自己的专长、优势、承担、完成岗前培训和在岗培训任务等;成人学校要率性先为、顺势先动,为农民工量体裁衣、设计,举办有效的多种培训,以提高他们的科学文化修养和技能。     

Preservice elementary science teachers’ argumentation competence: impact of a training programme

The recent literature has shown the importance of preservice elementary science teachers (PESTs) having a deep understanding of argumentation, as this factor may affect the nature of the class activities that are taught and what students learn. A lack of understanding of this factor may represent an obstacle in the development of science education programmes in line with the development of scientific competences. This paper presents the results of the design and implementation of a training programme of 6 sessions (12 h of class participation plus 8 h of personal homework) on argumentation. The programme was carried out by 57 Spanish PESTs from Malaga, Spain. The training programme incorporates the innovative use of certain strategies to improve competence in argumentation, such as teaching PESTs to identify the elements of arguments in order to design assessment rubrics or by including peer assessment during evaluation with and without rubrics. The results obtained on implementing the training programme were evaluated based on the development of PESTs’ argumentation competence using Toulmin’s argumentative model. Data collection methods involved two tasks carried out at the beginning and the end of the programme, i.e., pre- and post-test, respectively. The conclusion of the study is that students made significant progress in their argumentation competence on completing the course. In addition, PESTs who followed the training programme achieved statistically better results at the end than those in the control group (n = 41), who followed a traditional teaching programme. A 6-month transfer task showed a slight improvement for the PESTs of the experimental group in relation to the control group in their ability to transfer argumentation to practice.     

Digital competence – an emergent boundary concept for policy and educational research

Digital competence is an evolving concept related to the development of digital technology and the political aims and expectations of citizenship in a knowledge society. It is regarded as a core competence in policy papers; in educational research it is not yet a standardized concept. We suggest that it is a useful boundary concept, which can be used in various contexts. For this study, we analysed 76 educational research articles in which digital competence, described by different terms, was investigated. As a result, we found that digital competence consists of a variety of skills and competences, and its scope is wide, as is its background: from media studies and computer science to library and literacy studies. In the article review, we found a total of 34 terms that had used to describe the digital technology related skills and competences; the most often used terms were digital literacy, new literacies, multiliteracy and media literacy, each with somewhat different focus. We suggest that digital competence is defined as consisting of (1) technical competence, (2) the ability to use digital technologies in a meaningful way for working, studying and in everyday life, (3) the ability to evaluate digital technologies critically, and (4) motivation to participate and commit in the digital culture.