Fungal bioreceptivity of Japanese tissue papers treated with plant dyes,watercolours, and acrylic paints in paper conservation

Despite substantial literature on the dyeing of textiles, there is a lack of research about colouring Japanese mending papers (tissue papers) used for paper conservation purposes. This study investigates the fungal bioreceptivity of Japanese tissue papers after they have been treated with various dyes and pigments. A variety of toning materials including plant dyes, watercolours, acrylic paints, inks, pastels, gouaches, and colour pencils are commonly used by conservators for paper toning purposes. In this study, two Japanese tissue papers (Yukyu-shi and Sekishu Mare) were treated with selected plant dyes, watercolours, and acrylic paints and then inoculated with fungal species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the DNA from Aspergillus niger and Penicillium rubrum as a proxy for fungal species abundance before and after inoculation and artificial moist heat ageing. qPCR primers which were universal for fungi amplified DNA from papers inoculated with A. niger and P. rubrum and these species were found to grow less on treated Sekishu Mare and Yukyu-shi papers compared with untreated papers. Sekishu Mare papers treated with artists' acrylic paints were found to be more resistant to fungal growth than similarly treated Yukyu-shi papers. This study suggests that for the best long-term preservation outcomes for paper materials in archives, libraries, galleries, and museums, acrylic paints generally perform better in conservation terms than most plant dyes and watercolours, although most colourants displayed some bioinhibition.     

学术期刊正交试验类稿件的审读方法

以农林类A+和A类期刊题名或关键词含有"正交试验"或"正交实验"的论文为研究对象,依据正交试验原理,对各论文进行审读和统计分析。结果表明:正交表记号错误的占调查论文总数的20.29%,k值错误的占28.77%,R值错误的占27.97%,因素主次排列错误的占17.01%,最佳组合错误的占26.80%;经验证,有31.86%的论文方差分析各因素水平间均不显著。由于各种错误最终导致63.13%的论文得出了错误结论或试验设计失败。可见,正交试验类论文的编辑工作应予高度重视。作者从编辑的视角给出了识别、修正这些错误的方法。     

The citation evolution law of papers published in the same year but different month

To explore the citation evolution of papers published in the same year but different month, we selected papers from a discipline (physical geography), a subject (diabetes: endocrine and metabolism) and a journal (Journal of Biological Chemistry) published in 2005 as research objects. These papers were divided into six groups according to the difference in publication month, and we analyzed citations to these papers for the 9 years after publication. The results showed that within 5 years after papers from physical geography were published, the overall differences in citations of papers in different groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05); after that, the differences were not statistically significant. Within 5 years after papers from diabetes (endocrine and metabolism) were published, the overall differences in citations of papers in different groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05); thereafter, the differences were not statistically significant. Within 7 years after papers from the Journal of Biological Chemistry were published, the overall differences in citations of papers in different groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05); thereafter, the differences were not statistically significant. Citations of papers followed the same pattern irrespective of discipline, subject or journal: citations of papers published in the same year but different month were obviously different in the first few publishing years, but as time went on, only the difference in publication month in a calendar year did not affect the papers' longer‐term citation.     

中国文科论文的层级结构及量化特征之学术分析

中国文科论文与一般科技论文之间存在差异已是共识,而具体差异何在却并未明确,本文旨在探讨文科论文的结构性量化特征。以2013—2018年我国人文社科发表的论文为基础,采用统计方法,以《新华文摘》《中国社会科学文摘》《高等学校文科学术文摘》所转载的论文作为第一层级,《复印报刊资料》所转载的论文作为第二层级,《中文社会科学引文索引》(CSSCI)所索引的论文作为第三层级,CNKI入库所有人文社科论文作为第四层级,概括中国人文社科论文的层级结构;其中,第一层级论文仅占总入库量的0.21%,第二层级占0.66%,第三层级占4.9%,说明这种层级结构对于全部论文有着较高的凝练荟萃效用;进而分析这种层级结构对学术热点的关注特征,并探讨其在学科、机构、期刊评价中的潜在应用前景。研究发现:各机构被转载论文情况符合幂律,具有高度不平衡性;CSSCI收录的期刊论文占高层级转载论文的七成左右,非C刊在层级结构中也有一定贡献;高层级文摘类期刊转载论文学科偏好不尽相同,各校各学科被转载论文比例存在差异性;三大文科文摘能够很好地把握热点前沿,各文摘类在理论性、实践性和可读性方面也有不同特点。本文结果可望为洞悉和评价...     

Regularity in the time-dependent distribution of the percentage of never-cited papers: An empirical pilot study based on the six journals

The non-citation rate refers to the proportion of papers that do not attract any citation over a period of time following their publication. After reviewing all the related papers in Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus database, we find the current literature on citation distribution gives more focus on the distribution of the percentages and citations of papers receiving at least one citation, while there are fewer studies on the time-dependent patterns of the percentage of never-cited papers, on what distribution model can fit their time-dependent patterns, as well as on the factors influencing the non-citation rate. Here, we perform an empirical pilot analysis to the time-dependent distribution of the percentages of never-cited papers in a series of different, consecutive citation time windows following their publication in our selected six sample journals, and study the influence of paper length on the chance of papers’ getting cited. Through the above analysis, the following general conclusions are drawn: (1) a three-parameter negative exponential model can well fit time-dependent distribution curve of the percentages of never-cited papers; (2) in the initial citation time window, the percentage of never-cited papers in each journal is very high. However, as the citation time window becomes wider and wider, the percentage of never-cited papers begins to drop rapidly at first, and then drop more slowly, and the total degree of decline for most of journals is very large; (3) when applying the wider citation time windows, the percentage of never-cited papers for each journal begins to approach a stable value, and after that value, there will be very few changes in these stable percentages, unless we meet a large amount of “Sleeping Beauties” type papers; (4) the length of an paper has a great influence on whether it will be cited or not.     

图书情报学高被引论文引用现象的实证研究

学术论文是科研活动产出和知识信息交流的主要载体,而学术论文被引用则是学术成果获得认同的主要方式之一。研究高被引论文所引用论文的分布特征,对于了解高被引论文知识基础的构成具有重要意义。本文以ISI图书情报学（Information Science & Library Science）为例,以实证研究为基础,按比例采集图书情报学领域的高被引论文数据,查询这些高被引论文的参考文献的被引频次数据,以期得到高被引论文的引证特点。研究发现,图书情报学领域的高被引论文更多地引用了高被引参考文献;随着被引频次的降低,其引用的高被引论文所占的比例也在下降。     

Paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge: Macro and micro evidence

In this study, we investigate the extent to which patent citations to papers can serve as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science using a comparative study with a control group, i.e., instant recognition papers. We identify the two opposite groups of papers by the Bcp measure, a parameter-free index for identifying papers which were recognized with delay. We provide a macro (Science/Nature papers dataset) and micro (a case chosen from the dataset) evidence on paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science. It appears that papers with delayed recognition show a stronger and longer technical impact than instant recognition papers. We provide indication that in the more recent years papers with delayed recognition are awakened more often and earlier by a patent rather than by a scientific paper (also called “prince”). We also found that patent citations seem to play an important role to avoid instant recognition papers to level off or to become a so called “flash in the pan”, i.e., instant recognition. It also appears that the sleeping beauties may firstly encounter negative citations and then patent citations and finally get widely recognized. In contrast to the two focused fields (biology and chemistry) for instant recognition papers, delayed recognition papers are rather evenly distributed in biology, chemistry, psychology, geology, materials science, and physics. We discovered several pairs of “science sleeping”-“technology inducing”, such as “biology-biotechnology/pharmaceuticals”, “chemistry-chemical engineering”, as well as some trans-fields science-technology interactions, such as “psychology - computer technology/control technology/audio-visual technology”, “physics - computer technology”, and “mathematics-computer technology”. We propose in further research to discover the potential ahead of time and transformative research by using citation delay analysis, patent & NPL analysis, and citation context analysis.     

《第三军医大学学报》拟刊用稿件查重结果分析

利用现有全文数据库对<第三军医大学学报>1300余篇经撊髷定稿后待发表的稿件进行查重,发现43篇稿件的内容与已发表的论文重复或主要结果和结论重复.通过分析43篇重复发表的文章题名、作者及所属单位的相同情况、拟刊用稿件投稿时间与已刊登论文发表时间的间隔分布后发现:1)大部分重复稿件的题名相同或基本相同;2)重复稿件多属同一作者或同一课题组不同作者所投;3)重复稿件刊登的时间间隔多在1年以内.认为编辑应在查重中发挥主动作用,以期在今后办刊工作中杜绝稿件重复发表.     

Development a case-based classifier for predicting highly cited papers

In this paper, we discussed the feasibility of early recognition of highly cited papers with citation prediction tools. Because there are some noises in papers’ citation behaviors, the soft fuzzy rough set (SFRS), which is well robust to noises, is introduced in constructing the case-based classifier (CBC) for highly cited papers. After careful design that included: (a) feature reduction by SFRS; (b) case selection by the combination use of SFRS and the concept of case coverage; (c) reasoning by two classification techniques of case coverage based prediction and case score based prediction, this study demonstrates that the highly cited papers could be predicted by objectively assessed factors. It shows that features included the research capabilities of the first author, the papers’ quality and the reputation of journal are the most relevant predictors for highly cited papers.     

研究主题视域下零被引与高被引论文分析——以环境科学领域为例

[目的/意义]从主题视角对环境科学领域的零被引论文进行分析,对比零被引论文与高被引论文在文章内容、外在指标方面的不同,揭示零被引论文存在的原因。[方法/过程]首先,对来自Web of Science数据库的国内环境科学领域的260篇高被引论文、907篇零被引论文的摘要进行PLDA主题识别,然后通过主题相似度计算发现主题间的关联,以主题热度作为内部指标,发文时间、发文期刊作为外部评价指标,最后,把论文主题内容与外部指标结合进行零被引与高被引论文之间的相同主题、不同主题对比分析。[结果/结论]在研究主题相同情况下,期刊的影响因子大小是影响零被引论文的主要因素;在主题不同的情况下,论文研究的主题内容是导致零被引论文的主要原因。     

开放存取对期刊影响力绩效研究综述

文章归纳了国内外主要的OA绩效研究方法,并将它们分为三类：对某个期刊群中OA期刊和非OA期刊影响因子的比较、对某个领域大样本OA论文与非OA论文被引频次的统计比较,以及对某个混合OA期刊中OA论文和非OA论文影响因子平均值的比较,并介绍了其中五个代表性研究的方法和结论。这些研究成果表明,OA对提高期刊影响力有着积极的立竿见影的作用。针对未来需要,文章提出了OA论文比例演变、文献引文中OA文献比例演变、搜索引擎对OA绩效影响的研究方案。该文为《数字图书馆论坛》2．009年第11期本期话题“Open Access”的文章之一。     

2006-2015年国内环境卫生与职业卫生学SCI文献引文分析

本文基于引文分析方法,对2006—2015年国内学者参与发表的环境卫生与职业卫生学领域的6995篇SCI论文进行文献计量分析。采用HistCite引文编年可视化分析工具,绘制引文编年图,分析环境卫生与职业卫生学研究现状,找出该领域的重要机构、期刊和核心文献。结果本研究分析SCI文献6995篇,涉及机构5275家,包含作者18571位,分布于162种期刊,施引文献173354条,关键词10287个。2006—2015年国内环境卫生与职业卫生领域SCI发文量年均增长率1.14%。研究结果帮助了解2006—2015年该学科领域的研究规律和发展趋势,识别重要的研究机构、期刊和著作,为开展后续科研工作加以指导。     

Planning a Congressional Archives at Loyola University Chicago

ABSTRACT

The Daniel Rostenkowski papers became the first Congressional papers collection at Loyola University Chicago in 1995. The papers of a high profile alumnus, the University Libraries decided to create a stand-alone archive for the collection. This article describes the history of the collection, several attempts to create a stand-alone archive, and the collecting policy that was eventually created to guide the development of the archive.     

中文农业学术期刊刊登英文文章的调查与分析

2001年以来,刊登英文文章的农业期刊数每年都有50种以上;但问卷调查结果显示,62.98%的读者认为中文农业学术期刊上"没有必要"刊登英文文章,71.83%的读者表示"基本或从来不阅读"这类文章,表示"偶尔阅读"和"经常阅读"者只分别占23.20%和4.97%.国际检索系统收录情况查询结果表明,是否刊登英文文章以及刊登英文文章的年限和数量均与中文农业学术期刊进入国际检索系统没有必然的联系.这些调研结果说明,中文农业期刊刊登英文文章的价值不大.     

科技期刊编辑对学术不端论文的识别——以《护理学报》为例

以《护理学报》为例,总结科技期刊编辑审稿过程中对学术不端论文的识别.对于“枪手”论文,可从与作者电话沟通中识别,从审稿费汇款信息识别,从网站投稿注册信息识别,以及从作者所在科室与论文研究方向吻合度识别;对于篡改或伪造数据论文,可通过仔细审查文章数据,分析数据与所得统计结果之间是否存在漏洞或矛盾之处,若有质疑则要求作者提供数据输入统计软件的原始表格及统计软件所导出的原始分析结果;对于抄袭中文论文者,可通过多个学术不端文献检测软件结合Baidu、Google等网络平台进行多重检测;对抄袭外文论文者,可通过论文的语言表达、与作者交流等途径识别.     

Modeling a century of citation distributions

The prevalence of uncited papers or of highly cited papers, with respect to the bulk of publications, provides important clues as to the dynamics of scientific research. Using 25 million papers and 600 million references from the Web of Science over the 1900–2006 period, this paper proposes a simple model based on a random selection process to explain the “uncitedness” phenomenon and its decline over the years. We show that the proportion of cited papers is a function of (1) the number of articles available (the competing papers), (2) the number of citing papers and (3) the number of references they contain. Using uncitedness as a departure point, we demonstrate the utility of the stretched-exponential function and a form of the Tsallis q-exponential function to fit complete citation distributions over the 20th century. As opposed to simple power-law fits, for instance, both these approaches are shown to be empirically well-grounded and robust enough to better understand citation dynamics at the aggregate level. On the basis of these models, we provide quantitative evidence and provisional explanations for an important shift in citation practices around 1960. We also propose a revision of the “citation classic” category as a set of articles which is clearly distinguishable from the rest of the field.     

基于知识元的学术论文内容创新性智能化评价研究

[目的/意义]创新性是对学术论文质量最基本的要求,是学术论文的灵魂,是学术论文评价的核心。知识元是学术论文基本组成单元。基于知识元理论和机器学习相关理论与算法,从学术论文内容层面研究计算机如何智能化地进行创新性评价及其实现过程与方法。[方法/过程]首先,构建学术论文的研究问题、理论、方法、结论4个知识元本体,接着提出基于知识元的学术论文创新性判断模型。其次,根据学术论文研究特点,构建理论与方法机器分类模型及知识元的抽取规则与抽取方法,建立规则库和知识语料库。最后,基于语义相似度计算方法,根据判断规则和相关权重对学术论文4个维度的创新性进行评分。[结果/结论]基于知识元抽取的学术论文创新性评分系统的实证结果表明,该智能化评价方法具有一定的可行性,可为学术论文内容创新性智能化评价系统的最终实现提供方法借鉴。     

A study of the effects of conservation treatment on the Fanshawe Archive

Abstract

Valence House Museum (Dagenham, England) has, since 1963, housed not only a large collection of Fanshawe family portraits but also a very rich family archive which comprises estate and private papers from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries of at least two branches of the family. Of national and international interest are the papers of Sir Richard Fanshawe (1608-66) relating to his three embassies to the Iberian peninsula in the 1660s. Three documents from this collection were taken for conservation and treated using both aqueous and non-aqueous methods of deacidification. Prior to treatment, the papers were characterized using the techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA or XPS), thermogravimetry (TGA) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA and DLTMA). Measurements showed that the three papers were similar in composition and were basically cellulosic materials with varying trace levels of Fe and Cu impurities. All three documents contained iron gall ink; the ink of the Dublin letter had an additional feature in the form of small bright specks which were characterized as a form of mica. After conservation treatment the papers were examined using the above techniques in an attempt both to determine and to quantify any changes which had occurred during the treatment process. Scanning electron micrographs showed that pronounced changes had occurred in the surfaces of the treated papers. With XPS it was possible to measure the change in the surface composition of the papers which occurred on treatlp.ent. It was also found that the treatment reduced the thermal stability of the papers in all three cases.     

How do self-archiving and Author-pays models associate and contribute to OA citation advantage within hybrid journals

Hybrid open access journals generally authorize self-archiving along with Author-pays model. Given the dependence of the Author-pays model on APCs paid by authors, it is expected to have a negative association with the free-of-charge Green model. By exploring a sample of 52,150 papers published in 47 Elsevier's hybrid journals, the study compares the OA models' citation performances to non-open access (NOA) model's and investigates the relationship between the quantities of their papers.Three OA groups are identified, including Green-only, APC-only and Green-APC. The OA papers show a citation advantage over the NOA articles, despite their lower number. The mixed APC-Green, gains the highest citation compared to the three other access models. However, the number of Green and APC-funded papers are revealed to have a negative association. Although, the combination of the Green and APC models magnifies the impact of OA papers, the inverse association between the quantities of their papers signifies that the lower number of the latter can be partially explained by the prevalence of the former. The results help academic librarians involved in advocating and managing OA to better understand authors' behaviors towards OA models and adopt a more supportive role for OA according to their preferences.     

科研创新中农业科技期刊4大功能提升对策 ——以《山东农业科学》为例

以《山东农业科学》为对象研究省级农业科技期刊在科研创新中的科研传播、科研导向、科研提升、人才培养4大功能。认为农业科技期刊应以这4项功能的有效提升为要旨:通过采取拓展稿源渠道、纸媒与网络出版并举、载文信息量增大等措施,实现刊物科研成果传播功能的提升;通过增设新学科栏目、提高新学科论文占比、启迪科研人员立题思路,实现科研导向功能的提升;通过增加研究类论文分量、调整刊文研(究)技(术)类占比、增加基金项目论文、提高刊物影响因子,实现科研提升功能的提升;通过建立与青年学科带头人的联系机制、精选在校研究生论文、提高作者论文写作能力,实现人才培养功能的提升。