Feedback factorizing control of 3-D transfer functions via a canonical state-space model

The problem factorizing (separating) the transfer function of a given SISO 3-D discrete system, ie of a system depending on three independent variables, is considered. The 3-D system is assumed to be available in its transfer function representation, which is converted to a canonical state-space model by a simple inspection procedure. Then applying state-feedback to this canonical model we choose the feedback matrix gain (under certain conditions) such that the transfer function of the closed-loop system has the desireed factorized form, ie a product of three 1-D transfer functions each one being dependent on a single variable. The method is illustrated by a nontrivial numerical example.     

On the Input—Output Decoupling of 2-D Systems by State Feedback

The problem of designing a linear state feedback controller for single-input single-output decoupling of linear multivariable 2-D (two-dimensional) systems is discussed. A method is presented for the determination of the decoupling controller matrices which, when applied to the open-loop system, yield a closed-loop system whose transfer function matrix is diagonal and nonsingular. Necessary and sufficient conditions are established for the state feedback decoupling problem to have a solution. Two examples are included to illustrate the proposed decoupling method.     

Model transformation based sliding mode control of discrete-time two-dimensional Fornasini–Marchesini systems

This paper investigates the problem of sliding mode control (SMC) for discrete-time two-dimensional (2-D) systems subject to external disturbances. Given a 2-D Fornasini–Marchesini (FM) local state space model, attention is focused on designing the 2-D sliding surface and sliding mode controller, which guarantees the resultant closed-loop system to be asymptotically stable. Particularly, this problem is solved using the model transformation based method. First of all, sufficient conditions are formulated for the existence of a linear sliding surface guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the equivalent sliding mode dynamics. Based on this, a sliding mode controller is synthesized to ensure that the associated 2-D FM system satisfies the reaching condition. The efficiency of the proposed 2-D SMC law design is shown by a numerical example. This paper extends the idea of model transformation to the 2-D systems and solves the SMC problem of a more general 2-D model in FM type for the first time.     

Robust stabilization of uncertain 2-D discrete-time delayed systems using sliding mode control

This paper aims to solve the problem of sliding mode control for an uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) systems with states having time-varying delays. The uncertainties in the system dynamics are constituted of mismatched uncertain parameters and the unknown nonlinear bounded function. The proposed problem utilizes the model transformation approach. By segregating the proper Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional in concert with the improved version of Wirtinger-based summation inequality, sufficient solvability conditions for the existence of linear switching surfaces have been put forward, which ensure the asymptotical stability of the reduced-order equivalent sliding mode dynamics. Then, we solve the controller synthesis problem by extending the recently proposed reaching law to 2-D systems, whose proportional part is appropriately scaled by the factor that does not depend on some constant terms but rather on current switching surface’s value, which in turn ensures the faster convergence and better robustness against uncertainties. Finally, the proposed results have been validated through an implementation to a suitable physical system.     

Robust stabilization of non-stationary Markov jump 2-D systems with multiplicative noises

This paper deals with the problem of stabilization via synchronous state-feedback control for two-dimensional (2-D) discrete-time Roesser systems with stochastic parameters involving switchings and multiplicative stochastic noises. The switching process is driven by an inhomogeneous Markov chain whose transition probability matrix is piecewise time-invariant and external disturbances are of the type of white noises, which get multiplied into both system state and input vectors. Stability and tractable controller design conditions are derived based on a 2-D mode-dependent Lyapunov function approach, which are validated by a numerical example with simulations.     

Implicit higher-order moment matching technique for model reduction of quadratic-bilinear systems

We propose a projection based multi-moment matching method for model order reduction of quadratic-bilinear systems. The goal is to construct a reduced system that ensures higher-order moment matching for the multivariate transfer functions appearing in the input-output representation of the non-linear system. An existing technique achieves this for the first two multivariate transfer functions, in what is called the symmetric form of the multivariate transfer functions. We extend this framework to an equivalent and simplified form, the regular form, which allows us to show moment matching for the first three multivariate transfer functions. Numerical results for three benchmark examples of quadratic-bilinear systems show that the proposed framework exhibits better performance with reduced computational cost in comparison to existing techniques.     

Delay-dependent guaranteed cost control for uncertain 2-D discrete systems with state delay in the FM second model

This paper is concerned with the problem of delay-dependent guaranteed cost control for uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) state delay systems described by the Fornasini and Marchesini (FM) second state-space model. Given a scalar α∈(0,1), a sufficient condition for the existence of delay-dependent guaranteed cost controllers is given in terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based on a summation inequality for 2-D discrete systems. A convex optimization problem is proposed to design a state feedback controller stabilizing the 2-D state delay system as well as achieving the least guaranteed cost for the resulting closed-loop system. Finally, the simulation example of thermal processes is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result.     

Estimation of 2-D ARMA model parameters by using equivalent AR approach

In this paper, the problem of estimating the parameters of a two-dimensional autoregressive moving-average (2-D ARMA) model driven by an unobservable input noise is addressed. In order to solve this problem, the relation between the parameters of a 2-D ARMA model and their 2-D equivalent autoregressive (EAR) model parameters is investigated. Based on this relation, a new algorithm is proposed for determining the 2-D ARMA model parameters from the coefficients of the 2-D EAR model. This algorithm is a three-step approach. In the first step, the parameters of the 2-D EAR model that is approximately equivalent to the 2-D ARMA model are estimated by applying 2-D modified Yule-Walker (MYW) equation to the process under consideration. Then, the moving-average parameters of the 2-D ARMA model are obtained solving the linear equation set constituted by using the EAR coefficients acquired in the first step. Finally, the autoregressive parameters of the 2-D ARMA model are found by exploiting the values obtained in first and second steps. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with other 2-D ARMA parameter and spectral estimation algorithms available in the technical literature by means of three different criteria. As a result of this comparison, it is shown that the parameters and the corresponding power spectrums estimated by using the proposed algorithm are converged to the original parameters and the original power spectrums, respectively.     

高端服务业-先进制造业-生态环境匹配发展及共生问题 ——以河北省为例

研究在将高端服务业（S）、先进制造业（M）、生态环境（E）纳入同一分析框架下河北省SME系统匹配发展水平及作用类型,为河北省产业结构转型、和谐共生、绿色发展提供理论支撑和现实依据。把SME系统看作共生系统,引入匹配理论,基于产业匹配内涵构建SME系统匹配发展评价指标体系,并构建Lotka-Volterra模型测度河北省SME系统匹配发展水平、分析3个子系统互动匹配关系。结果表明：2006—2019年河北省SME系统的综合效用函数性状呈现逐年增长态势,从拮抗匹配阶段向高度匹配阶段转变,动态匹配度由弱转强呈现出较好发展态势;两两系统之间互利共生,相互支撑、协同促进。提出河北省SME系统综合发展水平仍有较大的提升空间,要结合京津冀协同发展战略找准促进系统整体匹配发展的核心要素,探索适合本省产业匹配模式,实现各子系统协同发展。     

3-D path planning system for autonomous vehicle considering the rollover and path length

In the 3-D path planning, the undulation of terrain have a significant impact on the roll angle of autonomous vehicle (AV). However, the existing 3-D path planning methods rarely consider the roll angle, which may lead to the rollover of AV. To solve this problem, a 3-D path planning system considering the rollover and path length (3DPPS-CRPL) is presented in this work. The 3DPPS-CRPL can plan a shorter path on the basis of inhibiting the roll angle of AV. In order to inhibit the roll angle, a novel roll angle evaluation model based on the undulation of terrain is developed, and the amount of computation is also greatly reduced because complex dynamics is avoided. In order to optimize the path length, both 2-D and 3-D path length are evaluated synthetically by a path length evaluation model. In order to optimize the parameters of 3DPPS-CRPL, a fuzzy-based optimizer is proposed to determine the weight of roll angle and path length. The simulation results prove that 3DPPS-CRPL has excellent performance for inhibiting roll angle and optimizing the path length in 3-D environment.     

Improved closed loop identification of transfer function model for unstable systems

The method of identifying first order plus time delay transfer function model proposed for unstable systems by Ananth and Chidambaram [Closed loop identification to transfer function model for unstable systems, J. Franklin Inst. 336 (1999) 1055-1061] is modified to avoid the stability problems [Cheres, Parameter estimation of an unstable system with a PID controller in a closed loop configuration, J. Franklin Inst., 2005, accepted for publication] of the method. Two modifications are proposed. In the first modification of the method, the under-determined algebraic equations problem is converted into an optimization problem for calculation of the three parameters of the first order plus time delay (FOPTD) model. A simple method is given for the initial guess values of the model parameters. In the second approach, from the definition of Laplace transform of the output response, a third equation is formulated. The resulted three equations, in terms of the three parameters of the transfer function model, are then numerically solved. Simulation results are given for the second order plus time delay transfer function considered by Cheres 2005 [Parameter estimation of an unstable system with a PID controller in a closed loop configuration, J. Franklin Inst., 2005, accepted for publication]. The responses of the identified models with the same PID controllers are compared with that of the actual system. PID controllers are designed based on the identified models. The closed loop responses of the controllers on the original system are evaluated and compared. The present methods give better control performances.     

Non-fragile dissipative filtering for 2-D switched systems

This paper investigates the non-fragile dissipative filtering problem for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) switched systems. Based on the well-known Roesser model, a 2-D switched system is considered. A stochastic process subject to a so-called sojourn probability is utilized as the switching rule. The non-fragile concept is introduced to design the filter in which the additive gain variation is assumed to occur randomly. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a desired dissipative filter are presented and the design scheme is given by convex optimization techniques. A numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed new design technique.     

共享身体表征：心智阅读起源的具身匹配论

有关人类心智阋读的起源一直是发展心理学与心灵哲学的“难问题”。匹配论作为一种旨在解释该问题的元理论,提出了自我与他人的经验匹配观,但囿于核心机制的匮乏而陷入困境。伴随具身认知科学的兴起和镜像神经元的发现,使得经典匹配论的假设得以在具身认知视角下进行检验。具身匹配论认为人类心智阅读源自镜像系统的“共享身体表征”作用。这种具身化的方式将自我与他人的经验直接匹配起来,并最终实现自我与他人的同一性。     

离散区间2-D系统的二次稳定性分析

本文针对离散区间2-D系统的二次稳定性问题,给出了线性矩阵不等式形式的判定条件。所得结论利用Matlab可以非常方便地求解,同时条件的必要性表明在某些情况下结论的保守性小。所给出的数值算例表明该判定条件可以有效地判定离散区间2-D系统是否二次稳定。     

基于信息运动模型的信息作用机理研究

本文通过考察信息运动模型和信息约束．建立信息作用模型，揭示信息作用必须遵从物理层次和信息层次的5个匹配规则．提出信息作用机理，并应用作用机理从人类信息活动和组织系统两方面考察信息作用效应，提出信息增益效率理论。     

在线技术供需文本匹配方法研究综述

【目的/意义】随着网络信息技术的发展及国家对技术转移的政策支持,大量的在线技术交易需求产生。在 线技术转移服务平台作为技术供需交易的媒介,供需双方可以在平台上发布大量的技术供需文本信息,提高技术 供需文本匹配效率,有助于提高技术交易成功率,促进技术转移。【方法/过程】在分析传统文本匹配方法的基础上, 从基于关键词的匹配方法、基于句法分析和文本结构的匹配方法、基于深度学习的匹配方法和基于多维度视角的 匹配方法四个方向对目前在线技术供需文本匹配方法现状进行梳理。【结果/结论】大多数研究都融合了多种匹配 方法,从多维度视角进行匹配是研究发展趋势。在技术供需文本匹配未来研究中,除了继续将深度学习方法融合 到已有的各种方法中,还应该从多维度、跨模态和可解释性方向来提高技术供需文本匹配效率。【创新/局限】本文 将技术文本匹配方法进行归纳总结,能对技术文本的匹配方法提供参考,但现实中技术匹配还应该考虑其他影响 技术转移的因素。     

Fuzzy Bang-Bang control problem under granular differentiability

In this paper, a class of fuzzy optimal control problem called fuzzy Bang-Bang (FBB) control problem is revisited. The FBB control problem aims at finding control inputs which transfer the states of an uncertain dynamical system to the origin in a minimum time. Since the conditions and/or parameters of the dynamical system are uncertain, the FBB control problem is a challenge task. To address the problem, we first introduce the concepts of the granular integral and derivative of fuzzy functions whose domain is uncertain. In addition, the notion of granular partial derivative of a multivariable fuzzy function whose variables are fuzzy functions with uncertain domains is presented. Then, we propose a theorem which is proved to be applicable to the FBB control problem. Moreover, taking the relative-distance-measure fuzzy interval arithmetic and horizontal membership functions into consideration, we further give complementary theorems to ensure that if the problem has a solution, then the controller assumes its boundary values. The simulated results confirm this theoretical conclusion. These findings may enrich our insight of the behavior of the uncertain dynamical system subjected to the FBB control problem, and guide to predict the uncertain trajectories.     

港口供需匹配指标体系构建研究

港口供需匹配及其评价指标体系直接关乎着港口运营效率的高低,是港口管理部门和港口运营部门关注的重要内容。本研究对港口供需匹配指标体系构建进行了研究,主要创新点包括:一是提出了港口供给和需求匹配的影响因素,海选出了港口供给和需求匹配相关指标体系。二是利用相关-主成分分析得到了优化精简港口供需匹配指标体系。在采集上海港2000-2013年年度数据,利用相关分析剔除了相关系数高于0.8的指标,一次优化指标体系中供给和需求指标数量分别仅保留了44%和33.3%;利用主成分分析对初筛的评价指标体系进行二次优化筛选,结果表明优化筛选后的供给和需求指标用25%和24%的评价指标都能够反映90%以上的一次优化指标信息。     

港口供需匹配非均衡评价模型及实证

港口供需匹配是港口科学发展最为关键问题。本研究在借鉴文献[12]的基础上,进一步改进和优化港口供需匹配模型。本研究首先构建了较为合理的港口供需匹配评价指标体系,其次,借助非均衡分析理论框架,建立了港口供需匹配非均衡评价模型,最后,采集上海港2006－2013年数据进行分析,结果表明：上海港2006－2013年期间潜在供给小于潜在需求、处于严重或轻度供给不足状态,不过供给需求缺口逐年收窄。