浅议太极拳的虚实

一、太极拳也叫虚实拳太极拳从整体动作来分,动作达到终点定式为"实",动作变转过程为"虚"。从动作局部来分,主要支撑体重的腿为"实",辅助支撑或移动换步腿为"虚";体现动作主要内容的手臂为"实",辅     

顾式太极拳（3）

(接上期) 11.退步狮子张嘴①右足蹬,身体略向左前探, 左掌往左足尖反背拍出,似碰非碰之际,左足蹬,开右胯,身体重心移至右足。不停,提左足往右足后套插的同时,左臂由下回挂,意在小手指,掌心向里,屈臂横护于胸前, 右臂随动从下往外上环绕过额顶下掩(图67、68)。②不停,提右足往右后方侧横开一大步,身体重心右移,随动右臂从下过档环绕至右胯以手背向右上撩击,高于肩平(图69、70)。③右足蹬,开左胯,身体重心左移并拔腰背,略向左前探的同时,左掌以手背向左拍击至左足尖前。右掌随动直臂内旋,掌心朝下(圈71)。     

太极拳弓步上步的虚实转换

在全民健身运动项目中,太极拳以其质朴无华的独特风格深受广大人民群众之厚爱。国家推广的太极拳套路中尤以24式简化太极拳普及最为广泛,习练者最多。但是,有相当一部分人在习练太极拳过程中对步法进、退和转体动作中的虚实转换把握不好,虚实感觉不清晰。本人以24式太极拳为例,就弓步上步的虚实与转换方法,浅谈一下在多年教练工作中的个人体会。     

从道家阴阳学说谈太极拳的虚实

阴阳学说最早出现在春秋战国时代,是中国最具特色和代表性的道家哲学思想之一,阴阳理论深深渗透于中国传统文化的各个领域,对太极拳哲学思想理论和技术发展,也产生了极大的影响.文章运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,从道家阴阳学角度对太极拳中的虚实分明、虚实转换进行剖析及总结,旨在丰富太极拳功法理论.     

太极拳劲力理论 肢体力在太极拳运动技击中的作用

肢体力是肌肉收缩拉动骨骼，骨骼以关节为转轴，带动人的肢体运动而发出的一种机械力。那么太极拳运动技击中，人体所发的肢体力干什么去了?发挥了哪些作用?这是我们必须进一步研究和解决的问题。弄清这个问题，对正确认识传统劲力理论和指导练拳实践具有重要意义。具体来说，肢体力在太极拳运动技击中有以下作用。     

太极拳虚实步态变换的动力学研究

采用德国产的脚底压力测量仪测量4名(2名专业,2名业余)受试者在42式太极拳中的脚低压力数据,然后进行平滑处理和统计计算。发现脚低压力曲线构成精美的阴阳太极图,其图和人体肢体外在的圆括平滑运动特征十分相似,而计算出的曲线平滑系数反映运动员虚实步态的圆括平滑水平。     

漫谈太极拳及其他

太极拳是我国传统武术中的一枝奇葩,其舒展大方,行云流水般的柔和,与潇洒的身姿体态,以及调控对方身体重心,借力打力的神妙技法,受到广大武术爱好者的青睐,使其成为稀世名拳之一。     

太极拳的劲力密要

吾师喻润川二十年前口授的太极拳的劲力密要,不得外传。在多年的太极拳教学中甚感精深奥妙。现为纪念吾师、弘扬太极,精心整理,对外公布,与同仁同享共勉。太极拳的劲力密要如下:劲与力之区别:劲无形而力有形,劲沉而力浮,劲聚而力散,劲由筋而达于四肢可发可放,     

以劲力为核心,提高太极拳练习效果

太极拳是武术项目中一颗璀璨的明珠,深受广大人民群众的喜爱。太极拳劲力主要受放松、身体姿势、意念和呼吸等因素的影响。练习太极拳应以劲力为核心,从而提高太极拳的技击对抗、竞技观赏、健身养生等练习效果。     

怎样做到虚实分明?

太极拳演练的全部过程,就是阴阳互换,虚实不断变化的过程。做到虚实分明,首先要在身体松沉、动作连贯圆活的状态下,维持身体重心的平衡稳定,做到下盘稳固,转换灵活。下肢每个步法的形成,一个姿势与下一个姿势的衔接,位置和方     

不同太极拳训练水平人群起跳和着地动作稳定性分析

设计出能反映人体静态和动态平衡能力的动作,采用高精度测力台及测试分析专业软件,对不同太极拳训练水平人群的平衡能力进行测试分析,了解太极拳训练在提高人体平衡能力方面的效果,为进一步提高太极拳运动员控制平衡的能力,筛选影响人体平衡能力的敏感指标,完善测试评价体系,提出有效的训练手段提供参考。     

冲突与融合:国际版本学视角下“太极拳”一词的译介研究

采用文献资料调研、专家访谈和归纳推理等方法,对国内、外外文版太极拳图书中"太极拳"一词译介后的拼写形式进行研究。研究认为,汉语拼音译介加海外认知度较高的威妥玛拼音进行后缀是目前译介"太极拳"一词较为适宜的方法。研究同时认为,"太极拳"一词译介后的拼写形式无论是采用威妥玛拼音的历史延续性还是汉语拼音的本土文化声张,都归属于中西方文化的一种相互交流,而非中西方文化差异的各执一端。"太极拳"一词译介的探讨和研究旨在促进中西方文化的对话与交流,相互借鉴,共同提升自身的文化品格。     

Tai Ji Quan,the brain,and cognition in older adults

The relationship between physical activity (PA) and cognition has received much attention recently. While evidence of improved cognition following PA has consistently been observed, the majority of studies have spotlighted aerobic exercise and the effects of other modes of PA, such as Tai Ji Quan, on cognition have received limited attention. This article provides a brief review of the literature concerning the influence of Tai Ji Quan on cognition in older adults, including those with intact cognition and those with cognitive impairment. In addition, this review proposes potential mechanisms (cardiovascular fitness, motor fitness, movement coordination, social interaction, and meditation statuses as well brain structure and function) evaluated from a neuroimaging perspective that may explain the Tai Ji Quan–cognition relationship. Finally, we present suggestions for future research. In conclusion, Tai Ji Quan, with its multi-faceted characteristics, shows promise as a mode of PA for enhancing cognition, as well as brain health, in older adults. Based on the findings in this review, further exploration of the effects of Tai Ji Quan on cognition in older adults is warranted.     

Tai Ji Quan: An overview of its history,health benefits,and cultural value

Tai Ji Quan is considered to be a part of traditional Chinese Wushu (a martial art) and comprises various styles that have evolved historically from the Chen, Yang, Wǔ, Wú, and Sun families (schools). Recent simplification of the original classic styles has made Tai Ji Quan easier to adopt in practice. Thus, the traditional legacy of using Tai Ji Quan for self-defense, mindful nurturing of well-being, and fitness enhancement has been expanded to more contemporary applications that focus on promoting physical and mental health, enhancing general well-being, preventing chronic diseases, and being an effective clinical intervention for diverse medical conditions. As the impact of Tai Ji Quan on physical performance and health continues to grow, there is a need to better understand its historical impact and current status. This paper provides an overview of the evolution of Tai Ji Quan in China, its functional utility, and the scientific evidence of its health benefits, as well as how it has been a vehicle for enhancing cultural understanding and exchanging between East and West.     

Implementing an evidence-based Tai Ji Quan program in a multicultural setting: A pilot dissemination project

Falls in older adults are a significant public health issue and a particularly significant health risk in Minnesota. With accumulating research evidence suggesting that falls can be prevented through exercise, there is an increased public health effort among organizations serving older adults to translate and disseminate evidence-based programs into the community. Such efforts, however, face additional challenges if they are implemented in communities with older adults from different cultural backgrounds and languages. This paper briefly describes a pilot community-based dissemination project, including the initiation, implementation, process, and outcomes, of an evidence-based fall prevention (Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance formerly known as Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance) through a local Area Agency on Aging in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area in Minnesota (USA). Overall, the program was successfully implemented resulting in adoption by local community organizations serving Asian and, to a lesser degree, East African non-English speaking older adults. Bilingual community instructors were trained to lead the classes resulting in broad participation and improved physical performance by the older adults targeted for the intervention. The results from this pilot study indicate that Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance can be implemented with positive results in non-English speaking community settings using bilingual leaders.     

太极拳对大学生身体机能影响的实验研究

通过对我校太极拳教学实验组和对照组教学前后的比较对照,就大学生学习太极拳,对呼吸系统和心血管系统等身体机能的影响进行实验研究,对研究结果分析后得出结论：大学生学习太极拳并持之以恒,同样能提高呼吸系统和心血系统等身体机能,促进身心健康,提高学习效果。     

So much research,so little application: Barriers to dissemination and practical implementation of Tai Ji Quan

Despite the large number of articles published in the medical literature advocating the use of Tai Ji Quan for a wide variety of health-related outcomes, there has been little systematic broad-scale implementation of these programs. It may be argued that the lack of funding from organizations capable of implementing and overseeing large-scale programs, such as governmental health agencies or national non-governmental organizations concerned with healthcare for older adults, is to blame. However, the evidence these organizations need to justify underwriting such programs is in short supply because of conflicting priorities and standards related to determining the efficacy and effectiveness of Tai Ji Quan. Establishing efficacy through acceptable designs such as randomized controlled trials involves strict protocols to ensure meaningful internal validity but different approaches are needed to demonstrate meaningful effectiveness (external validity) outside the study setting. By examining the quality, quantity, and relative proportions of the randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and dissemination studies reported in the medical literature, this paper highlights the disparity in emphasis between efficacy and effectiveness research that has impeded the development of a cohesive literature on Tai Ji Quan and concludes that until more researchers develop a systematic, long-range commitment to investigating its health-related benefits, the research related to Tai Ji Quan will remain fractured and sporadic, limiting the incentive of large funding agencies to support its wide-spread use.     

论形而上的太极拳文化传播

太极拳包含形而上和形而下两个部分,以太极阴阳理论为基础的形而上是太极拳的精髓.太极拳传播不仅仅是技术动作的传播,更是要在“理”、“法”、“术”、“功”传播中融入形而上的内涵,以生命哲学的方式来看待和理解太极拳,才能体现太极拳的养气、守意、平心、练性和厚德之本意,使得太极拳得以发扬光大.     

Tai Ji Quan as an exercise modality to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease: A review

BackgroundRegular exercise is beneficial for adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors. Tai Ji Quan is popular among older adults and may offer additional exercise options. The present article aims to review the scientific literature published within the past decade on Tai Ji Quan as an exercise modality to prevent and manage CVD.MethodsAn electronic literature search of four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and AMED) was conducted from April 2003 through March 2013. Studies that examined Tai Ji Quan, were published in English, and specified a target study population of participants with a known CVD condition (e.g., coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, or stroke) or studies conducted among participants with a CVD risk factor (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, or impaired glucose metabolism) were included.ResultsA total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria: 11 randomized clinical trials, seven quasi-experimental studies and two cross-sectional studies. The effect of Tai Ji Quan was examined on more than 20 different study variables among persons with coronary artery disease (n = 5 studies), chronic heart failure (n = 5 studies), stroke (n = 4 studies), and CVD risk factors (n = 6 studies). These studies were conducted primarily in Asia (n = 9, 45%) or the United States (n = 8, 40%). Overall, participants enrolled in Tai Ji Quan had better outcomes, though mixed results were reported.ConclusionCollectively, these studies indicate that Tai Ji Quan is a safe form of exercise to prevent and manage CVD. Further research is needed with more rigorous study designs, larger sample sizes, adequate Tai Ji Quan exercise doses, and carefully chosen outcome measures that assess the mechanisms as well as the effects of Tai Ji Quan, before widespread recommendations can be made.     

太极拳典型动作名称文化解义

太极拳动作名称具有丰富的文化内涵。文章在对太极拳动作名称意象与太极拳动作技击方法充分理解的基础上,将所选取的典型动作名称分为“喻型、喻鸟、喻兽、喻自然、借人物、喻法”六大类,并运用通俗易懂的语言从“象征喻意、定型姿势、技击方法”三方面对太极拳动作名称文化内涵进行阐释,以便加深人们对太极拳的认识,更加有利于太极拳的传播与发展。