小鹏、陆斌跳马前手翻直体前空翻转体900°技术运动学诊断

以录像解析数据为依据,对2005年十运会上李小鹏、陆斌跳马前手翻直体前空翻转体900°动作完成情况的主要技术环节,包括上板踏跳、第一腾空、扶马推手、第二腾空等技术进行运动学特征诊析,为进一步改进和提高此技术提供参考依据.     

Computer-assisted image analysis for measuring body segmental angles during a static strength element on parallel bars: validity and reliability

This study aimed to introduce a technique using computer-assisted image analysis for measuring body segmental angles during a static strength element on parallel bars. Criterion validity and intra-rater reliability of measurements were evaluated using digital photography, skin markers and a gravity-reference goniometer. Twenty male former gymnasts participated in this study. They performed a strength hold element on parallel bars (V-sit) and they were photographed with legs extended and stabilized at the highest possible level. The leg to horizontal, trunk to vertical and arm to vertical angles were calculated and examined for reliability using image-pro software. The leg angle was also examined for its validity, by simultaneously using a Myrin goniometer. The two goniometric techniques indicated high leg angle measurements agreement (R = 0.997, p < 0.001). However, Bland-Altman analysis showed that there was a slight leg angle measurement overrating using image-pro software, especially at smaller angles. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values were high for leg angle (R = 0.971), trunk angle (R = 0.957) and arm angle (R = 0.945), showing an excellent test-retest agreement. It was ascertained that the measurement of segmental angles during V-sit on parallel bars using digital photography and computer-assisted image analysis can be highly reliable when taken by the same experienced examiner.     

中外男子十项全能运动员成绩特征的比较

为了探讨男子十项全能运动的发展规律，找出我国全能项目与世界水平的差距，收集了200l年世界和全国男子十项全能运动员的成绩指标，并进行相关的比较分析。研究结果表明：(1)我国男子十项全能与世界水平相比，整体还比较落后，其中较薄弱的项目是撑竿跳高、400m跑和跳高；(2)中外运动员各单项得分率大体相同，反映了十项全能单项组合的一般规律，这也说明了我国运动员与世界水平的差距是体现在各个单项水平上的整体差距；(3)中外运动员类项得分比率的大小顺序均为短跨、跳、投、耐力，第1d的积分高于第1d。     

单杠直体“京格尔”空翻转体540°成悬垂技术的生物力学分析

本文对单杠高难飞行动作——直体“京格尔”空翻转体540°成悬垂技术,从盖浪、前摆振浪、撒手、空中翻转、再握等五个环节,进行生物力学分析。     

我国优秀男子跳高运动员起跳前摆动腿支撑技术的三维运动学分析

采用两台SONY高速摄像机对当前我国优秀男子跳高运动员起跳前摆动腿支撑技术进行现场同步拍摄，运用爱捷运动录像反馈系统进行解析。结果表明：我国优秀男子跳高运动员在摆动腿着地瞬间，身体重心距摆动腿着地点的水平距离较大，在摆动腿缓冲阶段，部分被试摆动腿膝关节缓冲幅度过大，水平速度的损失较为严重；最后一步步长、步长／身高指数较小，与国外优秀运动员相比有显著性差异。     

从第38届世界体操锦标赛看双杠动作的创新与发展

以第38届世锦赛双杠决赛选手为主要研究对象,分析了当今世界双杠D组以上动作的创新与发展。主要有:支撑前摆转体和支撑后摆跳转540°,分腿前空翻114屈臂撑;挂臂前摆屈体后空翻2周挂臂和挂臂前摆转体360°倒立;向后大回环屈体后空翻2周挂臂和梯佩尔特直接屈体前空翻;后回环转体360°倒立。     

我国东部沿海城市初中技巧、单双杠、支撑跳跃教学现状及对策研究

技巧、单双杠、支撑跳跃是初中体操教学的重点教学内容，而目前这些内容的教学现状存在着不容乐观的现象。通过对我国东部沿海城市初中的技巧、单双杠、支撑跳跃的教学现状进行调查和分析，找出影响体操教学的因素，并据此提出建议与对策，以促进体操教学更好地开展。     

“莫氏空翻”的运动学分析

运用运动学原理，从下摆技术、过枉技术、沉肩技术、撩腿鞭打技术、提臀撒手技术等环节，对莫慧兰首创的“莫氏空翻”动作进行比较和分析，不仅描述了各技术环节的运动学参数关系和技术特点，而且也指出了影响该动作进一步发展的主要原因和问题。     

Determination of the swing technique characteristics and performance outcome relationship in golf driving for low handicap female golfers

Previous studies on the kinematics of the golf swing have mainly focused on group analysis of male golfers of a wide ability range. In the present study, we investigated gross body kinematics using a novel method of analysis for golf research for a group of low handicap female golfers to provide an understanding of their swing mechanics in relation to performance. Data were collected for the drive swings of 16 golfers using a 12-camera three-dimensional motion capture system and a stereoscopic launch monitor. Analysis of covariance identified three covariates (increased pelvis-thorax differential at the top of the backswing, increased pelvis translation during the backswing, and a decrease in absolute backswing time) as determinants of the variance in clubhead speed (adjusted r (2) = 0.965, P < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between left-hand grip strength and clubhead speed (r = 0.54, P < 0.05) and between handicap and clubhead speed (r = -0.612, P < 0.05). Flexibility measures showed some correlation with clubhead speed; both sitting flexibility tests gave positive correlations (clockwise: r = 0.522, P < 0.05; counterclockwise: r = 0.711, P < 0.01). The results suggest that there is no common driver swing technique for optimal performance in low handicap female golfers, and therefore consideration should be given to individual swing characteristics in future studies.     

Determination of the swing technique characteristics and performance outcome relationship in golf driving for low handicap female golfers

Abstract

Previous studies on the kinematics of the golf swing have mainly focused on group analysis of male golfers of a wide ability range. In the present study, we investigated gross body kinematics using a novel method of analysis for golf research for a group of low handicap female golfers to provide an understanding of their swing mechanics in relation to performance. Data were collected for the drive swings of 16 golfers using a 12-camera three-dimensional motion capture system and a stereoscopic launch monitor. Analysis of covariance identified three covariates (increased pelvis–thorax differential at the top of the backswing, increased pelvis translation during the backswing, and a decrease in absolute backswing time) as determinants of the variance in clubhead speed (adjusted r ² = 0.965, P < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between left-hand grip strength and clubhead speed (r = 0.54, P < 0.05) and between handicap and clubhead speed (r = ?0.612, P < 0.05). Flexibility measures showed some correlation with clubhead speed; both sitting flexibility tests gave positive correlations (clockwise: r = 0.522, P < 0.05; counterclockwise: r = 0.711, P < 0.01). The results suggest that there is no common driver swing technique for optimal performance in low handicap female golfers, and therefore consideration should be given to individual swing characteristics in future studies.     

Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the golf swing using instantaneous screw axis theory,part 1: methodology and verification

A number of recent studies have measured the extent and timing of segment rotation during the golf swing. A promising technique, instantaneous screw axis (ISA) theory, could provide a better expression of segment rotation. In Part 1 of this two-part study, the objectives are to identify the ISA of the pelvis, shoulders and left arm during the downswing, compute segment angular velocity relative to that segment’s ISA and verify that ISA theory is a valid tool to analyse segment rotation during the golf swing. Results indicate that for all subjects, at least 71% of marker velocity is a result of rotation about their respective ISA, when averaging results over the duration of the downswing, confirming that motion is primarily rotational. Furthermore, ISA position and orientation of each segment approaches, on average, the expected gross axis of rotation, confirming that motion about the ISA is representative of joint motion.     

北京奥运会女子20 km竞走中外优秀运动员比赛特征对比分析

对北京奥运会女子20 km竞走比赛中外优秀运动员犯规特征和速度特征进行对比分析研究,结果表明:我国运动员腾空性质犯规仍是技术犯规的主要问题,技术发挥不稳定;比赛最高速度与最低速度变化较大,体力分配不均;比赛后半程体能下降过快.     

世界优秀女子七项全能运动成绩特征及中外实力分析

运用文献资料、数理统计、灰色关联分析等方法,对2015年北京田径世锦赛及第12届全运会女子全能前八名运动员各项成绩进行分析,结果显示:世界优秀女子七项全能运动员的800m、200m、100m栏、跳高、跳远等项目成绩对其全能成绩总分贡献程度很大;世界优秀女子七项全能运动员的各项目与全能成绩总分的关联度大小排序为:速度类项目＞跳跃类项目＞投掷类项目;世界优秀女子全能运动员速度类200m和100m栏,铅球与跳高存在非常显著性差异(P＜0.01),200m和800m存在显著性差异外(P＜0.05),其他各项目的相关性均不显著(P＞0.05);我国优秀女子七项全能运动员的各个单项和整体实力与世界水平差距很大.     

从近四次世界大赛析世界男子篮球运动发展的新特征

从第27届、28届奥运会篮球比赛和第14届、15届世界男篮锦标赛的比赛过程和结果看，世界篮球运动进入21世纪后呈现出新的发展特征。正确认识和把握这些新特征，将有助于我国篮球运动紧跟世界篮球运动的发展趋势；并为中国男篮在2008北京奥运会上取得历史性突破提供参考依据。     

The effect of a resistance training programme on the grab,track and swing starts in swimming

The aim of this study was to establish the effectiveness of a resistance training programme, designed to improve vertical jumping ability, on the grab, swing and rear-weighted track starts in swimming. Twenty-three female non-competitive swimmers participated (age 19.9 +/- 2.4 years; mean +/- s). The diving techniques were practised weekly for 8 weeks. The participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 11) or a resistance-training group (n = 12), which trained three times a week for 9 weeks. The tests before and after the training programme involved performing each dive technique and six dry-land tests: two countermovement jumps (with and without arms), two isokinetic squats (bar speeds of 0.44 and 0.70 rad x s(-1)) and two overhead throws (with andwithout back extension). A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to show that resistance training improved performance in the dry-land tests (P < 0.0001). No significant improvements due to training were found for any temporal, kinematic or kinetic variables within the grab or swing starts. Significant improvements (P < 0.05) were found for the track start for take-off velocity, take-off angle and horizontal impulse. The results suggest that the improved skill of vertical jumping was not transferred directly to the start, particularly in the grab technique. Non-significant trends towards improvement were observed within all starts for vertical force components, suggesting the need to practise the dives to retrain the changed neuromuscular properties.     

女大学生营养与体质关系的比较研究

文章通过对20名女生5天的营养状况进行调查和体质的测定,旨在了解女大学生营养与体质的关系。研究结果表明,女大学生普遍存在营养不合理的问题,表现为总能量摄入不足,三餐热能比例失衡,某些无机盐和维生素的缺乏,从而限制了身体的发育,延缓了呼吸功能的提高,影响了身体素质的发展。     

中美高中体育与健康课程标准对比研究

运用文献资料等方法对我国普通高中<体育与健康课程标准(实验)>和美国<走向未来——国家体育标准:内容和评价指南>中课程内容标准进行比较研究.结果发现:两国体育课程标准在内容标准的制定方面各有特色.两国标准在注重学生熟练掌握运动技能的同时,均重视学生身体、心理和社会适应等方面的全面发展,体现了普通高中体育课程改革与发展的国际趋势.美国<指南>对于各个内容标准的评价范例比较丰富,值得我们借鉴.     

社区体育实地调查与分析——学校与社区共建体育俱乐部研究之四

本研究采用实地调查的方法,重点分析了社区体育4种不同运作模式的实体,在学校体育、社区体育以及学校与社区体育合作方面具有代表性,阐述了各自的特点,从中能获得有益的经验和启迪。     

中美体育场馆冠名权出让比较研究

运用文献、比较研究法等,对中美两国体育场馆冠名权出让情况进行比较。结果显示,体育场馆冠名权出让是市场经济发展的产物,我国体育场馆冠名权出让在起步时间、合同期、合同金额、已冠名的场馆数量等方面与美国有巨大差距,主要原因是我国经济发展水平和对冠名权出让的价值认知度相对较低,冠名权出让的市场成熟度相对稚嫩,市场化运营机制尚未完全形成所致。建议加强宣传,提高业界对体育场馆冠名权出让的价值认知度,培育市场等。     

中国武术与韩国跆拳道段位制比较分析

文章通过对韩国跆拳道与中国武术段位制的产生、目的、内容和作用等进行了全面的对比分析,分析了二者的异同,结合现阶段中国武术段位实施情况和实际问题,以期对我国武术段位制的改革提供一些参考.