教师效能评价模型概述

教师效能评价,是对教师行为是否具有有效性进行的评价.国内外学者提出了很多用于理解和评价教师效能的评价模型,如教师效能三元模型、区分性教师效能评价模型、多重评价模型和增值评价模型等.这些模型有着各自的优势,同时也存在诸多局限.本文对上述四种评价模型进行了详细介绍及优缺点分析,为建立更科学公正的教师效能评价体系提供了参考.     

西方国家教师效能研究发展述评

教师效能是教师特质、能力与行为的综合体。一直以来,研究者对教师效能的内涵存有争议,并形成了不同的研究范式,包括教师特质研究、教学行为研究、教师效能比较研究和教师效能多元研究。教师效能的评价主要涉及评价模型、评价体系、评价方法三个方面。教师效能的影响因素则从教师个性特征、教学过程以及从教师认同的视角进行探讨。教师效能具有复杂性、动态性、差异性和层级性,建构不同的教师效能评价模型,根据学生的分组归类,或根据具体学科和教学情境,或根据教师的进步程度评价教师效能,从而促进教师专业发展,是教师效能研究的发展方向。     

教师效能感研究综述

本文总结了教师效能感概念提出的理论背景,结合国内外相关实证研究,讨论了教师效能感影响因素、教师效能感形成及其作用模型。分析了教师效能感对教师的教学行为和学生的学习行为产生的重要影响,并提出了已有研究存在的不足和今后的研究方向。     

教师个性特征与效能感的相关研究

本研究旨在探讨教师的个性特征与教师效能感之间的关系。通过随机选取400多名中学教师进行实证研究,发现：1．年龄和教龄与教师效能感不存在明显的相关关系;2．个性特征中的外向性和说谎与教师效能感均有非常显著的正相关关系,神经质与教师效能感有非常显著的负相关;回归分析也显示,个性特征中外向性和说谎对教师效能感均具有非常明显的预测作用,神经质对教师效能感中的学生管理效能和课堂管理效能有接近明显的预测作用。     

教师个性特征与效能感的相关研究

本研究旨在探讨教师的个性特征与教师效能感之间的关系。通过随机选取400多名中学教师进行实证研究,发现:1.年龄和教龄与教师效能感不存在明显的相关关系;2.个性特征中的外向性和说谎与教师效能感均有非常显著的正相关关系,神经质与教师效能感有非常显著的负相关;回归分析也显示,个性特征中外向性和说谎对教师效能感均具有非常明显的预测作用,神经质对教师效能感中的学生管理效能和课堂管理效能有接近明显的预测作用。     

教师支持、学业自我效能感与中小学生学业成绩的关系：元分析结构方程模型

本研究利用元分析与结构方程模型相结合的方法,综合分析了教师支持、学业自我效能感与中小学生学业成绩的152项独立研究结果,随机效应模型结果表明:教师支持、学业自我效能感与学业成绩显著正相关,教师支持与学业自我效能感显著正相关。调节分析发现,城乡调节了教师支持、学业自我效能感与学业成绩的关系。元分析结构方程模型结果发现,教师支持不仅直接影响学业成绩,而且通过学业自我效能感产生间接影响。这一结果为教师支持和学业自我效能感能预测学业成绩提供了有力的证据,表明该理论模型在中小学生群体中的普遍适用性。     

教师组织承诺与教师效能

教师组织承诺是指教师对学校组织所提供的满足其生存、发展所需的物质和精神条件的满意度。包含五个因素,即情感承诺、规范承诺、理想承诺、经济承诺和机会承诺。教师效能是指教师对自己能够在多大程度上影响学生学业任务完成的信念,或者是指教师对自己如何很好地影响学生学习的能力信念。并且可将其分为强调教师效能不同侧面的七个模型:目标和任务模型、资源利用模型、工作过程模型、学校赞助者满意度模型、责任制模型、问题缺失模型、继续学习模型。     

大学英语教师教学效能感的影响因素及提高策略研究

教师教学效能感是教师对自己教育能力的信念,反映了教师在教育活动中的主体性、积极性和创造性。教学效能感不仅对教师教学行为、教学效果、学生成绩、学生的发展有积极的影响,而且对教师自身的发展也有重要的积极作用。本文以当前的大学英语教学改革为背景,对教学效能感做了简要介绍,在此基础上分析了影响大学英语教师教学效能感的主要因素,最后从学校与教师两个层面提出了培养大学英语教师教学效能感的策略。     

教师效能感测量研究综述

教师效能感的研究已经有近四十年的历史,教师效能感所依托的理论从控制论、自我效能理论发展到新近的整合模型,不同理论背景下的教师效能感定义大同小异,但结构却各不相同.从心理测量的角度对教师效能感进行了梳理和归纳,对以控制论、自我效能论和整合论为基础的教师效能感量表进行全面介绍和比较.最后指出,新的测量量表应用中需关注教师效能感的迁移问题、跨文化适用性问题,以及领域特殊性取向和领域一般性取向下教师效能感量表的比较研究.     

国内教师教学效能感研究的现状及启示

教师的教学效能是促进教师专业成长和学生素质发展的重要变量,因此倍受教育心理学研究者的广泛关注。文章在简要回顾近年来我国学者对教学效能感内涵理解的基础上,重点对教师教学效能感的功能、发展水平和影响因素的研究现状进行了述评,在此基础上提出了教师教学效能感发展研究需要进一步探讨的问题。     

Differential Teacher Effectiveness: Towards a model for research and teacher appraisal

The article reviews the research on teacher effectiveness and develops the case for a model of teacher effectiveness in which differential effectiveness is incorporated. Five problems with current concepts of teacher effectiveness are identified: undue influence of available techniques upon the concept; emphasis on school, to the detriment of teacher, effectiveness; tenuous relationship to teacher improvement; narrowness of operational definitions in research; and the development of generic, rather than differentiated, models. In addition the failure of existing models to explain variance in pupil outcome at the classroom level, the neglect of teacher self-evaluation, and the restricted measures of pupil outcomes are noted. A differential model is proposed incorporating five dimensions of difference. These refer to teacher activity, outside as well as inside the classroom; curriculum subject; pupil background factors; pupil personal characteristics; cultural and organisational contexts of teaching. The developmental functions of such a model for research and for teacher appraisal are explored. Four problems for implementing a differentiated model are raised: complexity, stakeholder expectations, values, and policy acceptability. These are considered in the light of the controversial Hay McBer model in England and of models developed in Europe and the USA in the early decades of the last century.     

The role of pupil voice as a trigger for teacher learning in Lesson Study professional groups

This paper focuses on the role of pupil voice as a trigger for teacher learning and for improving teaching quality. This is investigated in the context of Lesson Study (LS), a professional development model that can incorporate pupil voice into teachers’ collaborative reflections on lessons. Data are from two LS groups of mathematics teachers in London (one primary and one secondary school). Video-recorded pupil interviews and teacher discussions were transcribed. Episodes of teacher discussions were coded for reference to pupil input and subsequent impact on future plans. Qualitative analysis of discussions examined whether some pupils’ input was favoured over others’. Results are significant in pointing to LS as a mechanism for attending to pupil voice. In so doing, it is suggested that pupil input provided a challenge for teachers in their interpretations of pupil learning, evaluating lessons and planning, and in contributing to teacher learning from LS.     

我国学者对美国专业发展学校的研究述评

专业发展学校作为美国教师教育改革的一种实践模式影响不断扩大,体现了整个教师教育改革发展的潮流.随着我国教师教育改革的不断深入,我国学者对专业发展学校的研究也日益增多.归纳起来主要集中在专业发展学校本身的研究(包括涵义、效果、问题、政策等),专业发展学校对美国教师教育的影响以及专业发展学校的经验对我国的启示.     

Knowing me knowing you: building valuable relationships outside the classroom

This small-scale case study begins with some background to outdoor education and residential trips. The article then moves on to look at some of the research around the importance of the child as person and the nature of pupil–teacher relationships in the working environment of the classroom. It then investigates the development of pupil–teacher relationships on a residential trip by discussing the range of interactions which took place. How these interactions may enhance learning back at school is considered as are the benefits of these interactions to newly qualified teachers and to more experienced teachers. The conclusion suggests that outdoor learning should have a stronger place in primary and middle school activity to challenge labeling and create a more effective ‘working consensus’.     

Class composition as a frame of reference for teachers? The influence of class context on teacher recommendations

Teacher recommendations are an important factor in the process of track placement, but research has shown that they are biased by pupils’ social background. Pupils from higher socio‐economic backgrounds are more likely to get the advice to enrol in an academic track than pupils from lower socio‐economic backgrounds, irrespective of prior achievement. Previous studies looked primarily at individual pupil or parent characteristics and their influence on teacher recommendations. However, in this article, the authors argue that the class context forms the frame of reference within which a teacher forms his/her recommendation for pupils. Therefore, this article investigates class composition effects on teacher recommendations at the transition between primary and secondary education in Flanders. More specifically, we look at the socio‐economic, ethnic and ability composition of a class. Multilevel logistic models were tested on data collected in 36 primary schools in the cities of Ghent and Antwerp in May 2015. The results show that only the ability composition of the classroom exerts a frame‐of‐reference effect on teacher recommendations for academically versus practically oriented tracks. A pupil with a low individual ability in a low‐ability class was more likely to get the advice to enrol in an academically oriented track than an equally able pupil in a high‐ability class. This study demonstrated the limited importance of class composition in teacher recommendations, but calls for more research on teacher bias in the process of track assignment.     

Special education teachers’ experienced burnout and perceived fit with the professional community: A 5-year follow-up study

In many countries, including in Finland, promoting inclusive school practices supporting pupils’ equal rights for learning is the focus of school development. Special education teachers play a central intermediary role in developing inclusive school and classroom practices by providing support both for pupils and peer teachers. This may increase their risk of experiencing exhaustion, cynicism towards the teacher community and/or inadequacy in pupil–teacher relationships. However, the resources of a school's social working environment experienced as a functional teacher–working environment fit may buffer the risk of developing burnout. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the interrelation between, and development of, special education teachers’ experienced burnout symptoms and perceived teacher–working environment fit across time. The longitudinal study included two measurements (in year 2010, n = 760 and in year 2016, n = 485). The results show that special education teachers’ experienced inadequacy in pupil–teacher relationships predicted teacher exhaustion, cynicism towards the teacher community and inadequacy in pupil–teacher relationships 5 years later. Moreover, a perceived good teacher–working environment fit predicted lower cynicism towards the teacher community 5 years later.     

Research on Teacher Effectiveness: Implications for Remedial Teachers

Over the past decade considerable progress has been made in defining and describing teacher behaviours associated with high levels of pupil achievement. Collectively described as teacher effectiveness research, this body of knowledge is now influencing conceptions of effective teaching in special education settings. What is unclear, however, is the extent to which special education teachers are aware of this research, perceive it to be important, and actually use the findings in their day‐to‐day teaching. Nor is it clear what, if any, modifications are needed when findings are applied to instruction with low achieving and mildly handicapped children. The present study addresses the questions of the perceived importance of and the need for adaptations to teacher effectiveness findings as they relate to a sample of Queensland remedial teachers.     

教师评价研究的缘起、问题及发展趋势

教师评价研究作为教师管理制度建设的首要环节,其发展经历了一个长期的过程。目前,这一领域的研究表现出的主要问题有:不同功能类型的评价常常被混用;教学效能评价仍然占主导地位;评价内容结构不明确;评价内容的理论依据不足;过度注重学生学习结果等。教师评价研究的发展过程可以概括为三个阶段,其发展表现出一个基本趋势:更加重视教师在教育教学过程中的行为,并且更关注教师的教学反思过程和工作中的主动性等方面。