Effect of the amplification factor on seismic stability of expanded municipal solid waste landfills using the pseudo-dynamic method

The evaluation of the seismic stability of an expanded municipal solid waste （MSW） landfill is very important in seismic prone zones. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method was used to calculate the average safety factor for the expanded landfill with a trapezoidal berm based on under-berm failure conditions. Furthermore, the effects of the variation of parameters such as the amplification factor, seismic coefficient, height of berm, angle of back slope of berm, and depth of waste mass at the back slope on the seismic stability of the landfill were studied. The results indicated that the influences of the vertical seismic coefficient, height of berm, and angle of the back slope of the berm on the seismic stability of the landfill are weakened as the amplification factor increases, but the influence of the horizontal seismic coefficient on the seismic stability of the landfill is strengthened. On the other hand, a certain ratio of the height of the waste mass above the back slope to the depth of waste mass at the back slope, or the reasonable consideration of the magnitude of the amplification factor will be conducive to the seismic design of the landfill. In addition, the results obtained by the pseudo-static and pseudo-dynamic methods were compared.     

Does Physical Activity of Preschool Teachers Impact the Planning and Implementation of Movement Activities in the Kindergartens？

The authors of this paper compared the views of Slovenian and Portuguese preschool teachers about the importance of play and movement for the preschool children. In the paper, they focused on the question： Does physical activity of preschool teachers （spontaneous or planned） impact the planning and implementation of movement activities in their kindergarten group？ They also analyzed the influence of subjective theories on the planning of movement activities and the realization of the curriculum objectives in the field of movement. Most of the preschool teachers in Slovenia and Portugal give priority to natural forms of movement in nature and play, allowing the movement of the fingers, palms, and hands. Research has shown a link between physical activity of preschool teachers and their views on the importance of the implementation of the movement activities of preschool children. The authors also noted that the quality of the implementation of the education process in kindergartens in the area of movement activities depends on their subjective theories to a great extent and on the level of professional competence referred to the discussed topic.     

New Methods in Design Education： The Systemic Methodology and the Use of Sketch in the Conceptual Design Stage

This study describes the application of a new product concurrent design methodologies in the context in the education of industrial design. The use of the sketch has been utilized many times as a tool of creative expression especially in the conceptual design stage, in an intuitive way and a little out of the context of the reality needs that the design should be attended. This methodology systematizes and guides the process of sketching by means of a conceptual model and a geometric model toward a feasible solution, complementing the role of the sketch in the phase of a product conceptual design. The model describes its operating principles, as well as the phases of implementation in the context of teaching the industrial design illustrated with projects carried out in the workshop of conceptual design of the University Technical College of Valencia and University of the Bio-Bio, Chile. Finally, we discuss the implementation of the systemic models, their relation with the optimisation of the sketching process in the conceptual design stage, and their implications in the educational context.     

A Study on Translation Approaches to Commercial Letters of Credit under the Guidance of Skopos Theory

According to the customs,by the end of 2011,the whole value of Chinese foreign trade is two thousand nine hundred and ninety four billion dollars,by the end of 2009,5 percents of the accounts of Chinese foreign trade with a value of fifty hundred billion dollars are unpaid.Most of the financial loss are caused by wrong translation of documents.The letter of credit is the most important way of payment in the international trade,so great attention should be paid to the translation of this type of document.Until now,the study against the translation of the letter of credit is scant.This paper will apply the skopos theory put forward by Hans Vermeer and developed in Germany in the late 1970s to guide the translation practice of the letter of credit.     

An Analysis on the Symbolic Meaning of the Green Light in The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby is considered the finest achievement of Fitzgerald’s literary career. The novel is successful for its narrative skill, graceful and delicate prose style, and especially, the employment of symbolism which contributes most to the depth and broadness of its theme. There is an abundance of images which are full of symbolic meaning through the whole story, among which the most important one is unquestionably the employment of "the green light". This paper, through analyzing the skillful employment of symbolism in the term of "the green light" in the novel, discusses the deep connotation that is imparted by the novelist and explains the decisive role of the symbolism of this term in the novel in shaping the figures, developing the plot of the story, and deepening the themes of the work.     

Internal force and deformation matrixes and their applications in load path

This paper deals with the internal force and the deformation matrixes, both of which can be used to analyze the topological relationship of a structure. Based on the reciprocal theorem, the relationship between the two matrixes is established, which greatly simplifies the computation of the internal force matrix. According to the characteristics of the internal force matrix, the transfer law of the matrix itself（due to the removal of components） is established based on the principle of linear superposition. With the relation of the two matrixes, the transfer law of the deformation matrix is also obtained. The transfer law illuminates the change regularity of internal force or deformation of the remnant structure when certain members are cut offone after another. The results of numerical examples show that the proposed methods are correct, reliable and effective.     

Effects of a flexible joint on instability of a free-free jointed bipartite beam under the follower and transversal forces

This paper deals with the problem of the instability regions of a free-free flexible jointed bipartite beam under the follower and transversal forces as a realistic simulation of a two-stage aerospace structure. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of the characteristics of a flexible joint on the beam instability to use maximum bearable propulsion force. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the stiffness and the location of the joint on the critical follower force by the Ritz method and the Newmark method, then to research the vibrational properties of the structure. It has been shown that the nature of instability is quite unpredictable and dependent on the stiffness and the location of the joint. The increase of the follower force or the transversal force will increase the vibration of the model and consequently cause a destructive phenomenon in the control system of the aerospace structure. Furthermore, this paper introduces a new concept of the parametric approach to analyze the characteristics effects of a flexible two-stage aerospace structure joint design.     

An Exploration of Tom Sawyer's Childlike Nature

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of the most famous satirical novels of Mark Twain, which satirizes the decadent religious rituals of the United States and eulogizes the free and lively nature of the early youth with the quality daring to pursue through the experience of the protagonist Tom. Sawyer, a little boy. By analyzing how Mark paints the good quality of the chil?dren under the decay system from the three angles—the pursuit of freedom, the courage to explore, and the sense of justice, we can present the very valuable educational idea to contemporary parents and children.     

On Strategies for CE Translation of Tourist Materials

After making an analysis of the deficiencies of the present translation of tourist materials and discussion of the causes of the deficiencies in linguistic differences and cultural differences, the present paper proposes some practical translation methods of tourist materials with the help of the strategy of foreignization.     

Developing a Professional Identity as an Elementary Teacher of Nature of Science: A self-study of becoming an elementary teacher

This study explores the development of professional identity as a teacher of nature of science (NOS). Our research question was ‘How can a teacher develop a professional identity as an elementary teacher of NOS?' Through a researcher log, videotaped lessons, and collection of student work, we were able to track efforts in teaching NOS as part of regular classroom practice. A team of four researchers interpreted the data through the Beijaard et al. professional identity framework and found that it was not as simple and straightforward to teach NOS as we predicted. Development of professional identity as a teacher of NOS was influenced by contextual factors such as students, administration, and time, as well as personal struggles that were fraught with emotion. Development took place through an interpretation and reinterpretation of self through external factors and others' perceptions, as well as the influence of sub-identities.     

"以心为乐":李渔的养生美学观

李渔把“以心为乐”作为他养生的美学观,这既是李渔人生观的一种表现,又是他修心养性的方法。“以心为乐”的养生美学观中,包含着中国文化中许多传统的哲学思想,李渔既延承着前人的思想,又融会贯通,将自己的生活经验掺和其中,因此形成了他独特的养生方法。     

新时期高校图书馆对学生读者的导向作用

本文以新时期高校图书馆作为研究平台,以学生读者作为研究对象,以工作实践和较普遍的现象作为研究内容,以导向措施作为切入点,论述了现代图书馆“以人为本”“服务至上”的图书馆工作理念,探索了图书馆和学生读者互动发展的思路。     

How teachers become action researchers and how teacher educators become their facilitators

The article contributes to the theory of action research by focusing upon kinds of action an individual may undertake in relation to their research endeavour. The article explores action as illusion, as occurring at different speeds according to context, as ‘cure’, as repair to maintain a system, as system improvement, as border skirmishes, as deconstruction and as stealth action. Each of these kinds of action has implications for the action researcher seeking to bring about change. The article explores the ways in which the action researcher can challenge the status quo and bring about creative, educative, democratic frameworks for living in society.     

A Caring Teacher: Explorations into primary school teachers' professional identity and ethic of care

This article explores primary school teachers' conceptions of caring within teaching and discusses the relevance of an ethic of care for teaching. Thirty-two Swiss and English primary school teachers participated in this exploratory study. The methodology included semi-structured interviews as well as image-based approaches employing photographs and drawings. Caring within teaching can be understood in a range of ways: caring as commitment, caring as relatedness, caring as physical care, caring as expressing affection, such as giving a cuddle, caring as parenting and caring as mothering. The author suggests that these definitions of caring within teaching can be placed along a continuum. Caring understood as mothering at one end of this continuum is distinctly associated with traditional Western notions of femininities whereas caring as commitment is non-gender-specific. Caring as relatedness can be linked with the concept of ethic of care, which has been conceptualised as a moral perspective more often held by women. The findings of this study challenge this view, as an ethic of care understood as responsibility for and relatedness to their pupils emerged amongst men as well as women.     

《孟子》中的“其”字

《孟子》中的“其”字总共出现571次,其中,用作代词的频率最高,为534次。用作语气词为32次。用作连词为5次。其中用作代词的情况最为复杂,包括用作人称代词、用作指示代词、用作兼语、用作作为造句成分的主谓结构的主语、用在数词前,表示“其中之……”或用在表示顺序的词前,表示顺序．“其”用作语气词,我们可以将它分为“语气副词”和“语气助词”。“其”字用作连词,有时表示假设关系,有时表示选择关系。     

船山之诗歌节奏观简议

船山诗学将诗歌视为以乐章美为核心的审美整体。这一乐章美效果是通过多层次的节奏运动来实现的,主要表现为诗歌的意义节奏、语体节奏和情感节奏三层。具体来说,在船山诗论中,诗歌的整体音乐性被视为一种基本的诗歌特质,可看作一种本体,三种节奏作为诗歌音乐性的重要表征,可视为具体的"用"。在这个"一体三用"的关系中,作为诗歌之"体"的音乐性对各种节奏有统摄作用,作为具体之"用"的不同节奏则对诗歌的音乐性有凸显作用。     

‘When I am being rushed it slows down my brain’: constructing self-understandings as a mathematics learner

Understanding learning disabilities (LDs) as constructed through multiple cultural practices including discourse, this paper focuses on a Latino middle school student with a LD named Elijah. This study documents both the discourses and practices used to position Elijah as a mathematics learner, as well as his use of similar discourses as he constructs a complex set of self-understandings as a mathematics learner. Elijah is positioned by discourses that prioritise speed as an indicator of mathematical ability, as well as discourses that construct students with LD as having both intelligence and differences such as processing speed. An analysis of interview and observational data suggests that Elijah constructed a unique set of self-understandings as a mathematics learner. Like his sixth-grade special education teacher, Elijah seems to differentiate between knowledge and the performance of knowledge in school. He created a unique identity as both ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ in mathematics, rejecting the binary found in many mathematics classrooms. These findings suggest that multiple discourses circulate in schools about ability and disability in mathematics.     

Understanding Periodicity as a Process with a Gestalt Structure

This paper presents a two phase investigation of how Israeli students (grades 3 to 12) understand the concept of periodicity. Qualitative study, including classroom observations, as well as interviews with students and with teachers, was performed as a first phase. Quantitative study, including a survey of 895 eleventh grade students, was performed as a second phase. Students' errors in relating to non-periodic phenomena and to non-periodic function as periodic, as well as their period preferment, were revealed in both phases and were classified. The evidence supports the claim that students understand periodicity as a process. The students' errors and preferences are discussed with reference to two frameworks: (1) the understanding of periodicity as a process, (2) the Gestalt theory.     

读书札记二则

罗常培先生在《唐五代西北方音》中分析汉藏对音材料时说,喻母三等的“往”本该读Ф,但在阿弥陀经中却象微母字一样读‘bwan,那是“误作”。而在今天的西安、渭南、富平等将微母与喻母分读的方言区,本该’Ф的“往”却象微母字一样读作了v声母。由此我们推测,大概早在唐五代时期,“往”在西北地区就：行了唇音声母的读法;陕北延川等地的“齐、净、栈、寨、歌谣”这些形容词或名词性词语,均有动词用法。并且,这些动词用法亦见于古代典籍。