SOME STUDIES OF STUDENT ATTITUDES TO VIDEOTAPE CHEMISTRY PROGRAMMES

At West Bromwich College of Commerce and Technology, a number of Open University and Granada Television Programmes were used in the teaching of Chemistry. An attempt was made to ascertain student attitudes to the programmes with the help of two questionnaires. This article discusses the results obtained and compares them with similar data for the programmes from other sources. On the whole students claimed to understand and to be interested in the programmes though differences in attitude between groups of students were noted.     

AN APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF TEACHING COMPANY PROGRAMMES

In this paper we consider the problems associated with the evaluation of Teaching Company Programmes. These programmes involve Universities and Colleges, together with manufacturing companies, in efforts to improve manufacturing methods and to develop graduates for careers in manufacturing industry. We introduce a framework for the evaluation of these programmes and apply it to one in which the authors have been involved. The paper reports a number of results from the Teaching Company Programme involving Molins Ltd., Brunel University and Henley, the Management College.     

如何形成一所学校的教育哲学

学校教育哲学指学校所信奉的教育理念，它渗透在学校教育，教学过程之中，体现于学生日常生活和学校环境之中，学校教育哲学的形成是成功学校的重要标志。     

APPLICATION OF COMPUTERIZED ADAPTIVE TESTING TO EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS

Three applications of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to help solve problems encountered in educational settings are described and discussed. Each of these applications makes use of item response theory to select test questions from an item pool to estimate a student's achievement level and its precision. These estimates may then be used in conjunction with certain testing strategies to facilitate certain educational decisions. The three applications considered are (a) adaptive mastery testing for determining whether or not a student has mastered a particular content area, (b) adaptive grading for assigning grades to students, and (c) adaptive self-referenced testing for estimating change in a student's achievement level. Differences between currently used classroom procedures and these CAT procedures are discussed. For the adaptive mastery testing procedure, evidence from a series of studies comparing conventional and adaptive testing procedures is presented showing that the adaptive procedure results in more accurate mastery classifications than do conventional mastery tests, while using fewer test questions.     

中国教育私营化的机遇与挑战

中国各层次的民办学校正在大规模增长。本文正是要设定一种情景 ,从而更多地理解和引导这种现象。作者首先解释了在拥有庞大公立教育系统的国家缘何出现私立学校。基于埃斯特尔·詹姆斯的划分 ,私立学校是对过度需求、差异需求以及非营利组织大量出现的回应。中国的特点是在公共教育资源短缺的地方存在过度需求 ,特别是在中学阶段那些无法就学或是达不到中学教育和高等教育入学标准的学生中 ;差异需求也明显存在 ,民办精英学校的出现为学生在现有公立教育体系之外提供了另一种选择。其次 ,作者讨论了评价私立学校功能和运作的四个目标 :自由选择权、效率、公平和社会凝聚力。再次 ,他提出三个政策性工具以使私立学校达到上述目标 ,即财政、法规和支持性服务。最后作者考察了中国民办教育中存在的一些问题 ,特别是公平性问题。虽然中国在努力实现这些目标 ,但是对于民办学校的定位和监管法律依然含糊不清。今后需要澄清和完善这个民办教育的框架。     

西部企业营销如何适应经济全球化

经济全球化对我国西部企业的影响,一方面生产国际化走向生产要素配置的全球化,经济增长中心走向多元化,贸易自由化,区域集团化;另一方面,西部企业起步晚,基础差,全球化的发展趋势给西部企业带来了极好机遇.西部企业如何抓住这一机遇,采取有效的营销对策,本文对此问题做了初步探讨.     

教育目的应定位于培养"人"

建国以来 ,我国教育目的对于要把受教育者培养成什么 ,其最终定位的几种典型表述是 ,培养成“劳动者”、“人才”、“建设者和接班人”以及“公民”等。这些提法应该说都各有其时代性、针对性因而也有其合理性 ,但又都不够确切 ,内涵不够丰富 ,外延不够完整 ,不能充分表达教育总目的的本质和追求。本文认为 ,作为涵盖各级各类教育宗旨的教育总目的 ,定位于培养“人”更合理 ,因为这更能体现教育目的的终极性、普适性和丰富性。     

JOHN DEWEY'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

A bstract .  Leading researchers describe the field of special education as sharply divided between two different theories of disability. In this article Scot Danforth takes as his project addressing that division from the perspective of a Deweyan philosophy of the education of students with intellectual disabilities. In 1922, John Dewey authored two articles in New Republic that criticized the use of intelligence tests as both undemocratic and impractical in meeting the needs of teachers. Drawing from these two articles and a variety of Dewey's other works, Danforth puts forward a Deweyan educational theory of intellectual disability. This theory is perhaps encapsulated in Dewey's observation that "The democratic faith in human equality is belief that every human being, independent of the quantity or range of his personal endowment, has the right to equal opportunity with every other person for development of whatever gifts he has." ¹