De l'Ingénieur Europeen: Le point de vue d'un industriel français

1992 will witness a big market for European engineers: but what kind of engineers? From what kind of schools? With what kind of diploma? What kind of freedom will there be for working as an engineer? Some answers are given from the French point of view. So many differences exist between European countries, that a good definition of ‘engineer’ is necessary. The French Commission for the National title of engineer (CTI) is very clear about the rules for becoming an ‘engineer’, and the need to avoid confusion in the European market and help firms. Good relationships are needed between ‘les écoles d'ingenieurs’, universities and professionals, to realize homogeneous courses and training throughout Europe.     

Engineers React: what they think about psychology

This exploratory study generates questions and considers emerging themes concerning psychology in engineering education. Psychologists frequently tell engineers what they think. This paper is designed for engineers to tell psychologists what they think. Information gained from engineer response suggests possibilities for both research and organisational change. Results generate significant questions for further investigation. What psychology courses are of interest or relevance to engineers? What underlying factors contribute to the differences in the approaches of engineers' and psychologists' thinking? Is there a systematic effort to create possibilities in scheduling for more than one course? Have strategies for managing the prerequisite sequence in psychology been explored?     

How Middle Schoolers Draw Engineers and Scientists

The perceptions young students have of engineers and scientists are often populated with misconceptions and stereotypes. Although the perceptions that young people have of engineers and of scientists have been investigated separately, they have not been systematically compared. The research reported in this paper explores the question “How are student perceptions of engineers and scientists similar and how are they different?” Approximately 1,600 middle school students from urban and suburban schools in the southeastern United States were asked to draw either an engineer or a scientist at work. Drawings included space for the students to explain what their person was doing in the picture. A checklist to code the drawings was developed and used by two raters. This paper discusses similarities and differences in middle school perceptions of scientists and engineers. Results reveal that the students involved in this study frequently perceive scientists as working indoors conducting experiments. A large fraction of the students have no perception of engineering. Others frequently perceive engineers as working outdoors in manual labor. The findings have implications for the development and implementation of engineering outreach efforts.     

Educational Foundations for Environmental Effectiveness

The paper combines findings from three sources: an international workshop on the environmentally educated engineer, research on the characteristics of the effective engineer and an early-level undergraduate course for civil engineers which aims at laying down an educational foundation for the education of environmentally effective engineers. The main findings are that there is a need for a more general education for some engineers, that an ability to understand and deal with complex systems is a key element for environmental effectiveness, that there is no correlation between engineering effectiveness and the degree of educational attainment, and that the characteristics of effective engineers can be learnt, but are not normally taught in engineering institutions.     

试论工程师伦理责任的生态转向

在当前工程哲学和环境伦理学的话语中,似乎都缺少对工程师在环境中伦理责任问题的关注。早期工程师把对雇主保持忠诚放在首位,但这种伦理观念在生态危机愈演愈烈的今天已变得过于狭隘。工程师的社会角色地位、循环经济的价值诉求、人类的可持续发展以及人与自然的和谐都呼唤工程师承担更多的环境伦理责任,这必然导致工程师传统伦理责任的生态转向。探讨这些问题对深化工程哲学、环境伦理学的研究以及落实我国的科学发展观具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。     

工程师的分类与工程人才培养

工程师的分类与工程人才的培养密切相关.在阐述了研究问题的重要性以及分析了国内外工程师分类的现状之后,首先提出了工程师分类的原则,并以此为基础将工程师分为服务工程师、生产工程师、设计工程师和研发工程师四种类型;然后提出了工程师培养标准的构成和各类工程师的培养标准;最后讨论了各类工程师培养和成长的各种途径.     

How engineers perceive the importance of ethics in Finland

Success in complex and holistic engineering practices requires more than problem-solving abilities and technical competencies. Engineering education must offer proficient technical competences and also train engineers to think and act ethically. A technical ‘engineering-like’ focus and demand have made educators and students overlook the importance of ethical awareness and transversal competences. Using two Finnish surveys, conducted in 2014 and 2016, we examine how engineers perceive working life needs regarding ethics. The data consider different age groups. We research whether an engineer’s age affects their perception of the importance of ethics in their work and if there are differences between young experts and young managers in their use of ethics within work. The results indicate that practising engineers do not consider ethical issues important in their work. This especially applies to younger engineers; the older an engineer, the more important they consider ethics. No statistically significant difference was found between young engineering experts and managers.     

Management Education for Engineers: the case of Saudi Arabia [1]

This paper investigates the continuing education needs and career path development of engineers in Saudi Arabia. A survey of practising engineers in the Kingdom teas conducted. This was supplemented by in-depth interviews with experts in industry. The paper focuses on three issues: (i) the changing job responsibilities as engineers move into management; (ii) the actual, recommended and required undergraduate preparation for engineers in management topics; and (iii) the specific topics in management of merest to engineers. It is recommended that universities and private/public organisations should join together in providing continuing education to the professional engineer. This is necessary for the engineer to fulfil both his technical and managerial responsibilities.     

Student Engineers and Engineer Identity: Campus Engineer Identities as Figured World

The research reported here contributes to understanding how student engineers on an engineering campus in the US mid-continent not only talked about the kinds of people recognized as engineers on campus, but also juxtaposes their talk about “campus engineer identities” with two students' ways of presenting themselves as engineers through engineering project teamwork to argue that campus engineer identities framed on-campus interpretations of actions, and ultimately that identity production was a complicated process through which campus engineer identities (cultural knowledge learned on campus) provided a lens of meaning through which to “recognize” (or not) performances of engineer selves as engineers. This research adds to conversations about identity in practice, especially identity production in science education, by suggesting the importance of cultural forms for belonging, especially at an obdurate site of science practice like the campus studied.     

我国发展工程师学历教育的必要性与可行性

在分析我国工程师现状及工程教育体制的基础上,详细介绍法国工程师培养制度,重点探究我国发展工程师学历教育的必要性与可行性.     

高等工程教育与工程师的形成

高等工程教育对工程师的形成具有重要的作用，本文首先从工程师的形成来看高等工程教育，认为工程师的成长过程是学习与实践互相搭配的一个过程，并总结现实中的工程师培养的四种途径；进而论述了培养合格工程师对高等工程教育提出的要求。     

工程师伦理培养:工程教育不能承受之重

工程师伦理问题日益受到社会关注。从国内实践看,主要期望通过在高等工程教育中加强工程伦理教育的方式来培养工程师伦理道德。这种偏重微观的工程伦理教育,主要围绕工程师个人的责任和义务展开,着眼于培养合格的工程师。而影响工程师伦理的核心因素并不是工程师的个人伦理,而是社会对工程师的角色定位,即工程师在社会中的角色。如果能够意味着应当的技术命令大行其道,工程师与雇主的关系只是一种代理关系,那么工程师伦理将难以发挥作用。为此,在加强工程伦理教育的同时,更应着眼于工程整体与社会的关系,明确加强工程伦理建设的重要性和紧迫性;重构工程师与雇主的关系,增强工程师在工程活动中的话语权;建立健全相关制度,加强对工程师伦理行为的引导与约束。     

应用型卓越工程师的素质结构及其培养

“卓越工程师教育培养计划”提出我国的高等工程教育应培养应用型、设计型、研究型卓越工程师。其中,应用型卓越工程师是我国未来工程师队伍的主体,培养应用型卓越工程师是实施该计划的第一步。未来的工程人才必须是集知识、素质和能力于一身的高水平人才,应用型工程师培养方案的制定必须立足于其基本素质结构的要求;围绕应用型工程师的培养目标科学合理地设置课程、选择课程内容和教学方法;实施通识教育基础上的专业教育模式。     

The renaissance engineer: ideas from physics

In the UK many physicists become engineers. Despite not being a formation route specifically designed for engineering, it brings advantages, particularly with respect to the concept of the 'renaissance engineer', in terms of flexibility and ability to tackle interdisciplinary problems, to provide innovative solutions and to introduce new technology. It is suggested that lessons can be learned from this to develop an efficient formation for the 'renaissance engineer of tomorrow'.     

Frankenstein goes to engineering school

The development of an engineering curriculum assumes a body of knowledge that students, as future engineers, will need to know. Students acquire this body of knowledge through lectures, laboratories, projects and assignments and other means. The question then arises, how does one select the content and processes that are appropriate for the engineering education? What might be the consequences of these choices? Mary Shelley's Frankenstein presents a tale showing some of the possible consequences of poor choices in teaching content and process. In Shelley's novel, the ‘monster’ finds himself caught between two worlds, one comprised of humans and the other of animals. In this allegory, the engineer is caught between the two worlds of science and art. The purpose of this allegory is to demonstrate how engineers, by accepting the body of knowledge presented to them without questioning the underlying values and assumptions, may find themselves embracing an oppressive ideology and developing an unhealthy identity. Consequently, engineering programs must provide forums where students are not only allowed but encouraged to critique the hidden values and assumptions contained in the programme content and process.     

构建“卓越工程师教育培养计划”实施保障体系

"卓越工程师教育培养计划"旨在培养造就一批适应经济社会发展需要的高质量工程人才。高校要紧紧把握这一战略契机,要在专业遴选、培养模式、培养目标和培养方案等诸多方面构建起一整套能有效保障"卓越计划"实施的体系,统筹人才培养各领域的诸多关系;同时还要建立健全各项协调机制,不断完善工程人才培养体系。进一步深化改革,积极探索培养"卓越工程师"的方法和规律,努力造就创新型工程人才。     

专业学位研究生教育与工程师职业资格认证衔接的思考——以水利工程领域为例

通过对现行水利工程领域工程师职业资格设置情况进行总结,分析了水利行业专业工程师职业资格制度存在的问题,对水利行业推进专业工程师职业资格制度提出了具体对策,并对水利工程专业学位研究生教育与专业工程师职业资格认证衔接给出几点思考。     

The Role of the Technical Institute in the Next Decade

During the next ten years, technical institute education in the United States should be expanded ten times while other forms of higher education are doubled. Only in this way will we be able to get efficient utilization of our scientists and engineers. The many developments in science and technology that will take place in the next decade will call for a greatly expanded technical manpower team, and the largest potential source of 1957. supply is the manpower pool composed of individuals with aptitudes that qualify them to become engineering technicians. We can produce twice as many engineering technicians as engineers for the invested educational dollar, for the engineering technician is graduated in two years while the engineer needs four years. Through better acceptance of the engineering technician by industry and the engineering profession, this much needed expansion is bound to be realized.     

Non-technical Studies for Engineers: The Challenge of Relevance

We cannot deal effectively with the question of non-technical studies for engineers without considering the views of the students themselves, as well as those of educators and employers of engineers. This entails reflecting on the role of the engineer in the greater society. In the US, there are serious problems of ‘status’ that complicate the matter. If engineers are viewed as mere technicians, then the relevance of non-technical studies is called into question. Yet non-technical studies are a means by which we hope to change engineers from technicians into true professionals. We must find ways to break this paralyzing cycle.     

卓越工程师工程思维的基本特征及培养模式研究

卓越工程师培养在我国高等工程教育中占有重要的战略地位,关系我国创新能力的提升。卓越工程师的思维特征在其创造性的工程实践活动中扮演着重要的角色。介绍了思维的基本方式以及科学思维、技术思维和工程思维的联系与区别。进一步深入剖析了卓越工程师工程思维的基本特征,提出了创造性思维是卓越工程师的核心特征。最后,简单探讨了卓越工程师工程思维培养的基本途径。