高职院校学校体育与《评估方案》标准的差距及改进对策

指出当前高职院校学校体育在体育师资、体育教学特色、体育教师科研能力、体育基础设施、具有自身特色的校园文化建设等方面与《高职高专院校人才培养工作水平评估方案》标准存在着差距,建议重视通识课程的建设、以提高体育教师科研能力为着力点、以课程改革为核心、改善体育基础设施并开展多种体育活动建设具有自身特色的校园文化,提高高职院校学校体育水平,促进学生身心健康全面发展。     

刍议高职院校教师科研评价

高职院校教师科研绩效评价能激发和调动教师科研的积极性,增强学校的科研实力,促进学校科研工作的良性循环和健康发展。本文在充分分析高职院校科研评价中存在问题的基础上,提出了切实改革完善高职院校科研评价体系的若干对策建议。     

对2001～2003年沈阳体育学院与其他体育院校在体育核心期刊发表论文情况的比较分析

以西安体育学院、沈阳体育学院等四所体育院校为研究对象,运用专家访谈、文献与实证分析相结合的方法,对四所院校在13种体育类核心期刊上发表论文情况进行分析研究。结果表明:沈阳体育学院对基金项目课题的投入不够;30岁以下青年教师的科研意识、素质水平有待提高。有重点地提高青年教师的科研能力水平,形成多层次、多学科、高素质的学术研究梯队,是进一步完善我院科研队伍建设,主动适应新世纪体育事业发展需要的一项紧迫任务。     

简讯

为了沟通各学科之间以及我院与兄弟院校之间的信息交流,活跃学术空气,促进科研工作的开展,我院部分教师于三月下旬自发组织了“体育科学学习会”。“学习会”以新学科和体育科学方法论为学习、研究的主要内容;以提高教学质量和科研水平为主要目的。目前,他们正在学习     

对浙江省高职院校体育师资现状的调查研究

本研究采用分层抽样法对浙江省23所高职院校中的体育师资进行调查,结果表明:浙江省高职院校体育师资存在年龄分布上不合理;教师教学任务偏重;科研水平较低;学历层次有待提高;高级职称比例过小等问题。本文就这些问题进行分析,旨在提出浙江省高职院校体育师资的发展对策。     

浅谈制约高校教师从事体育科研的主要影响因素

本研究以福建省17所普通本科院校和36所普通高职院校的体育部门及其教师作为研究对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和帕累托分析法等研究方法,对制约福建省普通高校体育教师从事体育科研的影响因素进行综合研究。针对影响因素提出相应对策,旨在探讨提高福建省高校教师的体育科研水平,推动福建省高校体育教育改革的顺利进行。     

中小学体育教师科研问题的思考

一、中小学体育教师科研工作的重要性 　　体育科研能力是体育教师必备的基本能力。中小学体育教师的科学研究水平，不仅直接影响到体育教学质量的提高，而且关系到体育教师的自身发展。随着中小学体育教育改革的不断深化和中小学体育教育贯彻教育部关于“健康第一”为指导思想的方针，中小学体育教育将面临着迅速发展的新局面。因此，在新形势下，进一步加强中小学体育教师的科研工作，提高中小学体育教师的科研理论水平和实际应用能力，是推动中小学体育教育改革，实施素质教育和健康教育，培养二十一世纪合格人才的需要；是提高中小学体…     

拓展训练教学对提高高职学生人际关系水平的影响

目前高职院校开展的拓展训练教学在很大程度上提高了在校学生的人际交往能力,对学生综合素质的提升以及毕业后走向社会在很大程度上起到了推动作用。拓展训练教学已经成为高职院校提高学生就业能力以及推动自身向前发展的重要手段,针对其提高高职院校学生人际关系水平的研究具有重要的现实意义。     

厦门高职院校体育交流与合作研究

通过文献资料、访问调查、问卷调查等科研方法,对厦门市高职院校的体育交流与合作进行研究.认为高职院校体育交流与合作能有效提高体育教学质量、提高体育活动氛围、优化体育训练方法、促进体育竞技水平.结果表明:厦门高职院校校际之间体育教学交流与合作薄弱、课外体育交流程度高、体育训练交流程度低、体育竞赛交流层次差别大.并给出适当建议,以期进一步促进高职院校校际之间的体育交流与合作.     

高校青年教师导师制存在的问题及改进措施——以安徽科技学院为例

高校青年教师导师制对提高青年教师自身水平和学校教学质量具有重要的意义.本文以安徽科技学院为例,通过问卷等形式对我校导师制的实施效果进行调查;并对导师制中存在的问题和原因进行了分析,最后提出改进青年教师导师制实施效果的几项措施.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.