我国居民体育消费行为的文化学研究

文化是居民体育消费行为影响最深远、最广泛的环境因素之一,是居民体育消费需求与消费行为最基本的决定因素,它主要包括文化、亚文化和社会阶层三方面的内容。从传统文化、亚文化、跨文化、文化变迁等角度探讨这些因素对居民体育消费行为的影响     

环京津地区居民体育旅游影响感知度研究

以研究环京津地区居民对体育旅游的社会文化、环境和经济影响的感知程度为目的,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和主成份分析法得出：环京津地区居民对体育旅游的社会文化、环境和经济影响的正面感知一致性较强,不同年龄、性别、文化程度的居民,对体育旅游认知度不同的居民,旅游地与非旅游地的居民,居住时间长短不同的居民对体育旅游的社会文化、环境和经济影响的感知程度存在一定差异。     

侨乡乡镇居民的体育价值观

采用文献法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、比较分析法等,就侨乡乡镇居民体育价值观对重点侨乡晋江13个乡镇1 300名居民进行调查研究。结果表明:乡土情感因子、国家地区促进因子、休闲娱乐因子、社会效应因子、健身保健因子、美育体验因子、知识技能因子构成了侨乡乡镇居民体育价值观结构体系。不同性别、年龄、文化程度侨乡乡镇居民的体育价值观具有一定的交互作用和显著性差异。     

山东省烟台市居民体育活动研究

通过对山东省烟台市居民体育活动调查研究找出其不足,从而促进全民健身的发展。本研究采用文献法、数理统计法、观察法等研究方法,以烟台市16岁以上居民为调查对象。从烟台市居民的参与健身的热情度、居民体育消费水平、对体育健身的认识、健身方式和方法、影响烟台居民健身的行为因素进行研究。得出烟台市居民的健身的现状并给与一定的建议。即充分发挥政府的宏观调控能力,增加体育人口,加强体育健身的宣传教育,组织体育活动,充分利用场地器材,从而扩大体育人口。强化社区体育组织建设,建立社会体育指导员制度,完善社区体育组织管理体制。从而丰富居民的文化生活,增强国民体质。     

群众体育团体与社区居民健身的相互影响

采用社会学研究方法,对广东省8个城市社区活动场地的周边居民与群众体育团体之间的相互影响进行了调查分析.结果:群众体育团体在各区域有一定的影响,社区居民普遍认为群众体育团体时于周边社区居民的影响是积极的,丰富了居民业余文化生活,大多数社区居民愿意支持和参与;群众体育团体成员与居民交往比较密切频繁,没有发生过正面矛盾和冲突;周边各阶层居民与群众体育团体之间有利益冲突,但大部分没有形成矛盾;选择正面影响的远高于负面影响,完善群众体育团体的法律法规,规范群众体育团体活动的开展,是有关部门当务之急的工作,是消除负面影响的有效保障.     

宁波市居民体育锻炼动机的研究

本文对宁波市居民的体育锻炼动机进行调查，经过数理统计，揭示了宁波市居民体育锻炼动机的类型、结构、序列以及不同文化层次、年龄、性别锻炼者的动机差异，为积极推进全民健身计划提供理论依据。     

基于民族体育旅游开发的居民获得感研究进展

通过梳理民族体育旅游开发中居民获得感相关文献,发现基于民族体育旅游开发的居民获得感是一个地区在结合区域民族体育旅游开发时所带给居民在经济、政治、民生3个维度的满足感。未来可展开获得感维度研究,将空泛的居民获得感进行具体画像,有利于拉动经济增长,居民可支配收入,完善基础设施,传承民族文化等,有助于可持续发展的生态环境,以及更优质的民族体育旅游参与体验和更适宜的人居环境创建。     

河北省城市社区居民全民健身特征研究

采用文献资料、问卷调查等研究方法,对河北省城市社区居民的全民健身特征进行研究,结果表明：河北省居民全民健身的意识不强,居民区的体育设施配备不足,缺乏健身指导人员,且不同年龄、性别和文化程度的锻炼者参加体育锻炼的目的,体育场所选择和锻炼的项目均存在显著性差异。建议相关部门应该继续加大对大众体育锻炼的宣传力度和社区体育设施的建设管理,为居民全民健身提供重要保证。     

侨乡晋江富裕乡镇居民体育价值观研究

采用文献法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法、比较分析法,就富裕乡镇居民体育价值观对侨乡晋江5个乡镇1000名居民进行了调查研究。结果表明:侨乡晋江富裕乡镇居民体育价值观与侨乡的形成与发展、区域经济模式、区域文化习俗等有着密切的相关;侨乡晋江富裕乡镇居民对体育健身保健的人本价值,国家贡献和修心养性的拓展价值具有高度的认同;以体育活动为载体,增强家族共同体的凝聚力和亲和力,促进交流、增进沟通、寻找商机,成为侨乡居民参与体育活动的重要价值取向之一。     

苏南小城镇居民体育活动现状的调查与分析

采用问卷调查法和访谈法，对苏南小城镇居民的体育活动现状进行研究。结果发现，苏南地区经济的发达，为居民的体育活动奠定了基础，苏南小城镇居民体育锻炼持续时间仅为10min，文化程序是制约小城镇居民进行体育及健身锻炼的重要因素。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。