Social justice,capabilities and the quality of education in low income countries

The paper sets out a theoretical approach for understanding the quality of education in low income countries from a social justice perspective. The paper outlines and critiques the two dominant approaches that currently frame the debate about education quality, namely, the human capital and human rights approaches. Drawing principally on the ideas of Nancy Fraser and Amyarta Sen the paper then sets out an alternative approach based on a theory of social justice and of capabilities. The paper develops an overall understanding of how education quality can be understood in relation to the extent to which it fosters key capabilities that individuals, communities and society in general have reason to value. It then analyses three inter-related dimensions of the quality of education from a social justice perspective. Each dimension is considered in relation to contemporary policy debates and research including the work of EdQual. The first dimension, that of inclusion draws attention to the access of different groups of learners to quality inputs that facilitate the development of their capabilities, the cultural and institutional barriers that impact on the learning of different groups and priorities for overcoming these. The second dimension, that of relevance, is concerned with the extent to which the outcomes of education are meaningful for all learners, valued by their communities and consistent with national development priorities in a changing global context, whilst the third dimension, that of democracy considers how decisions about education quality are governed and the nature of participation in debates at the local, national and global levels. It is argued that a social justice framework can provide an alternative rationale for a policy emphasis on quality that encompasses but goes beyond that provided by human capital and rights approaches; that through emphasising the importance of context and through providing a normative basis for thinking about quality in relation to development, it provides a useful starting point for re-conceptualising education quality and how it can be evaluated; and, that it draws attention to the central importance of public dialogue and debate at the local, national and global levels about the nature of a quality education and quality frameworks at these levels.     

社会体育专业创新课程体系的构建研究

现行社会体育专业培养目标已不适应社会市场经济发展对人才的需求。为此,在对临沂师范学院社会体育专业进行深入研究与剖析的基础上,重新确立了社会体育专业培养目标,并依据培养目标构建新的课程体系,以期培养具有创新意识和能力的高素质应用型社会体育人才。     

Music education in Taiwan: the dynamics and dilemmas of globalization,localization and sinophilia

The article examines the complicated interplay of globalization, localization and sinophilia that, along with associated social changes, determines reforms in Taiwanese music education today. Students are expected not only to be tri-lingual, in so far as they are obliged to learn English, Mandarin and a local language, such as Southern Fujianese, Hakka or an aboriginal dialect, but they must also become tri-cultural with respect to western classical music, traditional Chinese music and indigenous Taiwanese music. The findings of our questionnaires suggest that the processes of globalization, localization and sinophilia are unequal determinants in the transformation of Taiwanese music education. The survey, which was conducted among 2596 primary and secondary school students (1309 from Tainan and 1287 from Taipei) between May and November 2000, shows that schools are less inclined than the Taiwanese government to promote local music. Students in the survey much prefer western classical and popular music to local Taiwanese and traditional Chinese styles. They show little interest in promoting Chinese culture or in singing Taiwan's national anthem. By examining the major concerns of music education from the perspective of the complex dynamics of globalization, this study illuminates the tensions and dilemmas facing the music curriculum of Taiwan today.     

A roadblock to social justice? An analysis and critique of the South African education Roadmap

The article provides an analysis and critique of contemporary debates concerning the quality of education in South Africa from a social justice perspective. In particular the article focuses on the Education Roadmap which has gained support from a range of stakeholders in South Africa including key members of the newly elected government. The Education Roadmap is considered in relation to dominant approaches to understanding education quality within the education literature, namely the human capital and human rights based approaches. It is argued that the Roadmap shares characteristics of both approaches although it is particularly influenced by the former. The article sets out an alternative approach based on social justice principle that, whilst developing and extending aspects of dominant approaches, is considered pertinent because it articulates with historical struggles around education in South Africa. It is suggested that although the Roadmap demonstrates limited characteristics of a social justice approach, it falls short in other key aspects and it is these aspects that must form the basis for ongoing struggles for a more equitable education system.     

韩国教育信息基础设施建设经验的启示

当前世界各国都在通过教育信息化来推进教育现代化及其变革。基础设施建设作为教育信息化发展的前提和必要条件,其建设水平在一定程度上反映了教育信息化的发展水平。韩国在教育信息基础设施建设方面取得了较好的成就,积累了宝贵的经验,体现在重视组织机构体系设置、注重顶层设计与宏观规划、强调资金投入与可持续保障等方面。当前,我国教育信息基础设施建设与发展过程中存在发展不均衡、“重建设、轻应用”、发展后劲不足、可持续性难以保障等诸多问题,应借鉴韩国经验,在运行机制方面,建立贯通国家、省、市、县、学校的组织管理体系,以国家战略工程形式整体推进建设进程;在资金保障方面,除了应设立国家专项基金,还应鼓励企业与政府共同参与教育信息基础设施建设,同时应加强资金监管以保障其可持续发展;在建设应用方面,应建立教育云服务模式,推进多种资源共享和教学应用模式。     

面向未来的社区教育课程模块开发

课程模块化是一种面向未来的教育设计。在城市化、信息化和工业化快速发展的大背景下,作为终身教育课程体系的一部分,社区课程方案不是为了过去和现在,而是面向未来的一种愿景和预见。社区模块课程开发是一个完整的系统,包括计划、设计、开发、实施和评估等步骤。社区课程方案可包括时政法律、文明素养、文化基础、职业技能、社会生活、生活保健、休闲娱乐、持家理财等模块。社区教育课程是开放性的,要根据居民不断变化的学习需求,不断修订模块以增加其活力。     

Equality or equity: Gender awareness issues in secondary schools in Pakistan

This paper focuses on gender awareness issues as a dimension of addressing the wider issue of the quality of education in Pakistan from the perspective of social justice. In Pakistan classrooms, boys and girls learn separately and therefore teachers and others tend to think that there are no gender issues once access is achieved and the learners are in the classroom. However, beyond access there are several factors that compromise quality of education and raise issues for gender equity as an element of social justice. These issues are examined in the context of a professional development intervention on promoting gender awareness among secondary mathematics teachers in disadvantaged schools in rural Pakistan.     

教育学术能力：教师教育专业研究生课程教学的命脉

培养具有教育学术能力的学者型教师是教师教育专业研究生教育的目标。为实现这一人才培养目标,课程内容应保持合理的广度、深度和梯度;课程实施要加强研究性教学,激发教育问题意识,重视科研方法训练;课程评价则应侧重过程评价,增加研究能力考察。     

新课程背景下大学无机化学课程内容改革思考

通过对我国化学课程改革后的普通高中《化学课程标准(实验)》、全日制普通高级中学《化学教学大纲》、大学化学教科书的内容比较研究,以知识点——"化学反应与能量"为例,指出了目前实施高中化学新课程方案可能出现的基础化学教育与高等化学教育"断层"现象和"重叠"现象,对大学化学课程改革提出建议。     

以学校课程品质建设助力义务教育质量提升

学校课程品质是特定学校的课程在动态发展过程中体现出的整体品质属性。学校课程品质建设通过学校课程的适应性、教师的专业素养提升、学校课程结构的优化等作用于义务教育教学质量的提升。义务教育学校课程品质建设主要体现在反映时代要求的办学理念、关注学生个体差异的学校培养目标、规范有序的学校课程开发机制、多元主体参与的学校课程决策过程、体现智慧的学校课程实施的路径和方式、动态发展的学校课程评价方式等方面。     

基础教育课程现代化的国际经验与中国道路

基础教育是教育系统的重要组成部分,基础教育课程改革如何回应中国式现代化的系统推进,事关基础教育课程现代化的前进方向。从全球基础教育课程现代化的发展来看,其经历了从注重传统科学教育到重视科学技术应用、注重科技和人文融合,再到日益关注核心素养的历程,呈现出关注核心素养的基础性作用、促进课程的综合化改革、注重课程的大概念引领、推动课程数字化改革、走向课程设置个性化及推进课程评价现代化等共同趋势。新中国成立以来,我国先后进行了九次基础教育课程改革,围绕“立德树人”“育人为本”走向纵深,在保持与世界同向并行的同时,又展现了中国基础教育课程现代化的实践智慧和价值愿景。新时代,中国基础教育课程现代化的进一步推进需在借鉴国际经验的基础上,牢牢把握以学生为中心协调社会需求、知识体系与儿童发展的关系,以核心素养为基础确立课程目标、课程内容和质量标准,以跨学科、实践和探究为抓手推动教学模式与方法创新,以数字技术为动力提升课程智慧化水平,以高素质教师队伍建设为核心保障课程实施,以多元评价体系为杠杆推动课程治理现代化等六个着力点,探索一条符合中国式教育现代化发展的新道路。     

我国社会保障制度公平缺失问题及对策

社会保障制度是维护社会公平的一项重要制度。但在现实中,我国的社会保障制度在公平方面存在着缺失,主要表现为城乡之间、群体之间、地区之间的不公平。因此,必须建立城乡统一的社会保障制度和多层次的社会保障体系,实行灵活的社会保障菜单选择制度,逐渐完善社会保障制度,以利于构建和谐社会。     

基于课程论观点的远程教育课程界定及其特点

根据远程教育的特点和远程教育课程的现实情况,从课程论的角度全面认识远程教育课程是一项基础工作。远程教育课程与传统教育课程相比有其独特之处。从课程论的视角来看,远程教育课程在课程要素或属性层面上应以经验为主导,在课程功能或作用层面上应以活动和进程为特点,在课程层次或结构层面上应是一种运作的课程和经验的课程的结合。远程教育课程不应过分强调课程的学术性和知识的体系结构,不应由教育行政部门统一组织课程标准和纲要,而应由远程教育机构按照实际需求来合理设置,应强调学生经验的获取,重视课程的动态性和过程性。这些特征突出地体现在远程教育课程的价值取向、课程目标、课程内容和课程实施等方面。     

基础教育信息化可持续发展的战略思考

当前我国基础教育信息化发展取得了巨大成绩,然而在体制、机制、设施、标准、培训、资源等方面面临困难,而核心问题主要在宏观政策、财政投入与教育体制三个方面。文章认为,要实现教育信息化可持续发展,除国家应保证有效投入外,充分调动内、外部力量,实现教育信息化发展评估的制度化与透明化,构建基于内外互动的教育技术应用支持服务体系是今后促进教育信息化发展的努力方向。     

Changing curriculum policy into practice: the case of physical education in Hong Kong

This article examines the differences between the formally stated aims of education and the implementation of the school curriculum in order to show the divergence between what is initiated and what emerges as school practice. This implementation problem is examined from the policy-makers' and teachers' perspectives, with specific reference to physical education as a school subject in Hong Kong. First, it examines the existence and intention of educational policy towards curriculum as established by policy-makers. Second, the implementation process is evaluated from the teachers' perspective by employing a framework adopted by Cuban (1998) that utilized effectiveness, popularity, fidelity, adaptability and longevity. The data are derived from a case-study of a physical education programme that included document analysis, and interviews with teachers, parents and students. The case-study provided a subjective perspective of teachers and their work, while the framework assisted in demonstrating the absence of cohesion between the various government agencies. The resulting fragmentation of ideas leading to confusion and frustration for teachers also indicates that longevity and adaptability are likely to be the most constructive criteria for the assessment of curriculum change.     

社区教育游学课程的价值与重构

近几年各地兴起的社区教育游学课程是社区教育机构根据区域内自然、历史、文化等资源组织开展的一种面向全体居民的,有目的、有计划地通过学习者亲身体验而获得认知、态度、情感和智慧生成,实现对世界理解的活动课程。社区教育游学课程打破了传统“以知识逻辑”为主的学科课程框架,以居民的现实生活为基础,以学习者的体验、社会实际与真实问题为中心,以主题的形式对课程资源进行整合,强调学习者的实践、观察、操作、表达等亲历经验,具有具身性、体验性、情境性、超越性等特征。它融会了学习者生命的自主性与超越性,实现了默会知识与言语知识的整合,体现了活动的内隐性与外显性的统一,彰显了从单一到多元的教育转向,深受社区居民的喜爱。然而针对社区教育游学课程的调查显示,当前社区教育游学课程还存在居民参与率不高、课程主题不明且教育性缺失、课程常态化及可持续性堪忧、缺乏有效评价等问题。要实现社区教育游学课程科学、高质量的发展,游学课程必须从项目或活动式转向课程化,实施课程重构,即以实现居民幸福为最终目标,构建深度融合的多样化课程内容和方式,在多元主体的协同治理下,通过专业化的教师教学,满足居民终身学习的需求。     

师范教育:如何应对新课程

新课程对教师素质提出了更高的要求，培养能够真正实践新课程的教师是当务之急。而现行的师范教育距离新课程的要求显然是滞后、守旧，师范教育必须积极应对新课程，尽快调整培养目标、专业设置、课程设置、教学方法。     

树立正确观念,科学开展幼儿园教育活动

很多教师在组织实施幼儿园教育活动时,由于观念上的误差及教师整体素质的差异,导致教育实践中出现了很多问题,解决这些问题首先要求教师树立正确的教育教学观念,本文以《甘蔗有多高》活动设计与实施为例,从教师的儿童观、教育观、课程观等三个方面总结了有益经验。     

抓住数字机遇，实现联合国第四个可持续发展目标——2018年联合国教科文组织亚太地区高等教育慕课研讨会综述

由联合国教科文组织亚太教育局、中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会、南方科技大学主办,联合国教科文组织高等教育创新中心承办的“2018年联合国教科文组织亚太地区高等教育慕课研讨会”于2018年6月11-12日在深圳南方科技大学召开。来自亚太地区30多个国家和地区的100余名代表与会。会议旨在支持实施教科文组织《青岛宣言》和2030年教育议程,抓住数字机遇,为全民提供受教育机会。各国代表在政策、慕课平台、机构层面、学习者层面、跨部门合作这五个主要议题中就高等教育慕课建设与应用开展了深入的经验分享与交流,达成如下共识：在政策层面主要关注高等教育MOOC的国家愿景和战略;针对国家MOOC平台建设应关注全纳技术的应用;在机构层面应更加关注MOOC自我评估框架;针对青年和成人学习者,需要起草关于MOOC问题的陈述;教育技术跨部门合作关系问题。慕课在中国未来发展主要是利用大数据推进各平台融通和提升,广泛开展国际交流与合作。借助亚太地区高等教育慕课研讨会平台构建亚太慕课网络,提高高等教育机会和质量,更好地应对在亚太地区实现第四个可持续发展目标所面临的机遇和挑战。