Counselor Trainees' Dependence on Clients: Issues and Implications

Counselor dependency on clients has received little attention compared with the topic of clients' dependency on counselors. This article suggests that many counselors, particularly beginning counselor trainees, may rely on their clients to meet some of their professional and personal needs. Several potential sources of trainee dependence are identified. Methods for recognizing manifestations of counselor dependence are discussed, as are strategies to help trainees become aware of, and minimize their dependency needs. Implications for research are also noted.     

Providing Training About Sexual Orientation in Counselor Education

The status of training about sexual orientation in counselor education and the importance of including gender-related issues is discussed. A course designed to prepare counselors-in-training is presented.     

Relationship Between Counselor and Client Perceptions of Psychological Problems and Counseling Outcomes

This study examined congruence levels between client and counselor beliefs about psychological problems and its impact on counseling outcomes. Clients and counselors endorsed differing views for causation and treatment of psychological problems. Counseling outcomes were unaffected by congruence levels. Practical implications for college counseling staff are provided.     

Effects of Low-level Counselor Functioning on Clients

Three counselors identified as functioning at a low level on basic facilitative skills were paired with both a high- and a low-level functioning client for three sessions. Functioning levels for both counselors and clients were determined by appropriate rating scales. The results indicated negative change in interpersonal functioning levels on the part of high-level clients and no significant change on the part of low-level clients.     

基于角色定位的辅导员队伍建设探析

辅导员队伍建设是高校思想政治研究领域的重要课题.由于教育客体的复杂化、多样化,加之高等教育大众化、价值多元化等外部条件影响,当前在这个问题上仍存在很多认识上的困惑及操作上的困难.笔者结合工作经历,试图以辅导员角色定位为切入点,对辅导员队伍建设进行一些反思,旨在探索高校思想政治工作的突破口和辅导员队伍建设的可行性路径.     

Effects of Client Race‐Ethnicity on Perceptions of Counselor Trainees: Study 1 and Study 2

The authors investigated the impact that racial stereotypes have on counselor trainees' perceptions of the attributes and behaviors of ethnically diverse male clients. Two studies were conducted in which participants were counselor trainees (Study 1, N = 58; Study 2, N = 75) who received a case study in which a male student sought counseling for problems affecting his school work. No differences were revealed in Study 1. In Study 2, counselor perceptions of client attributes differed across client race–ethnicity. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for training counselors, particularly regarding multicultural courses and workshops.     

The Sexual Orientation Counselor Competency Scale: Assessing Attitudes,Skills, and Knowledge of Counselors Working With Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Clients

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Sexual Orientation Counselor Competency Scale (SOCCS), an instrument that measures the attitudes, skills, and knowledge of counselors who work with lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Internal consistency of the SOCCS was .90, and 1‐week test‐retest reliability was .84. Criterion, concurrent, and divergent validity tests established the SOCCS as a psychometrically sound instrument.     

Client Perceptions of Counselors-In-Training: The Effects of Sex and Gender Role Orientation

The effects of the sex of the counselor and of gender role orientation on client ratings of counselors-in-training were examined. An interaction between sex and gender role orientation was found for differences in clients' willingness to refer a friend to the counselor. Implications for training and research are discussed.     

Relationships Between Dimensions of Supervisors' Influence and Counselor Trainees' Performance

Practicum supervisors' expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness were related to supervision outcome measures. Trustworthiness proved to have the strongest associations.     

Predictors of Client Preferences for Counselor Roles

This study examined 152 undergraduate clients' interpersonal styles as they relate to preferences for counselor roles. The results indicated a moderate positive association between clients' interpersonal styles and their preferences for counselor roles. Moreover, beginning clients were found to prefer advice giving to active listening. Counselors can promote continuation and improve the quality of the working relationship by adapting their initial approach to match the preference of the client.     

Comparative Perceptions of Practicum Counselor Behavior

Nineteen counseling interviews were rated by the respective clients, counselors, and supervisors on the Counselor Rating Form; these ratings of perceived counselor expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness were compared in a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results indicated that all three sources of perceptions were similar, although counselors rated their own behavior as significantly less expert than their clients. The article discusses the results in terms of their relevance to counselor supervision and training.     

Counselor Interpersonal Power Base Preference: An Examination of Counselor and Client Variables

Forty counseling students were assessed on their power base (i.e., expert, referent, and legitimate) preferences, which were found to vary as a function of client problem, but not experience level.     

Another Look at Counselor,Client, and Supervisor Ratings of Counselor Effectiveness

The purpose of the study was to compare the perceptions of counselors, clients, and supervisors with regard to the effectiveness of counseling. The Counseling Evaluation Inventory (CEI) was used as a measure of counseling effectiveness, using client satisfaction as a criterion. 25 graduate student counselors provided self-ratings on the CEI. Additional CEI ratings of these counselors were obtained from 120 of their clients and their practicum supervisors. The counselor self-ratings and the supervisors' ratings were significantly correlated with each other, but neither was significantly correlated with the client CEI ratings. In addition, the client CEI ratings were significantly higher than both the counselor self-ratings and the supervisors' ratings.     

Perceptions Regarding the Role of the Vocational Counselor

Abstract

The role of the vocational counselor as perceived by vocational directors, vocational counselors, secondary school principals, and secondary school counselors was ascertained. Further, role perceptions held by vocational counselors and secondary school counselors with varying demographic characteristics were determined. Null hypotheses were formulated and tested utilizing analysis of variance with Scheffe's test and the Wilks' lambda portion of multiple discriminant analysis. Among the four groups, significantly different means existed relative to 44 of the 70 role statements and significantly different perceptual profiles resulted. Significantly different means existed on 13 items among vocational counselors and on six items among secondary school counselors when role perceptions and different combinations of teaching and world-of-work experiences were examined.     

The Impact of Client Suicide in Counselor Training: Implications for Counselor Education and Supervision

The impact of client suicide on student counselors has potentially severe and long-term consequences. This article presents recommendations for addressing the needs of students and discusses implications for counselor education.     

Perceptions of Counselor Performance: A Comparative Study

Videotaped excerpts of actual counseling interviews were rated using the criteria of empathy, unconditional positive regard, congruence, depth of self-exploration, and counselor effectiveness. Analysis-of-variance techniques indicated no significant differences among the ratings of counselors, counselor educators, and graduate students; there were significant differences among ratings of graduate students in different programs.     

Academic Role and Perceptions of Gatekeeping in Counselor Education

Gatekeeping in counselor education is an ethical responsibility and professional best practice. The authors examined gatekeeping perceptions of 9 counselor educators, with equal representation of assistant professors, associate/full professors, and adjuncts/instructors/lecturers. The authors analyzed data using consensual qualitative research methodology (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997 ). Findings include commonalities and differences between academic role groups.