小学数学教学中学生知识迁移能力的培养策略

小学作为学生数学学科学习的启蒙教育阶段,对学生学习习惯的养成知识迁移能力的培养具有关键的影响作用。在日常数学课堂的教学过程中,教师既要关注学生对于基础知识的学习掌握程度,同时也要从小学生学习发展角度对学生知识应用和迁移能力进行针对性的引导,让学生在学以致用的课堂练习中逐步养成良好的数学学习习惯,为学生数学思维能力的提升发展做好铺垫与准备。因此,本文以小学数学教学中学生知识迁移能力的培养教学问题为主要研究对象,首先概述了培养学生知识迁移能力的必要性,为教师重视学生知识迁移能力的培养起到了一定的启示作用,然后结合小学数学教学现状,具体探讨了培养学生知识迁移能力的教学策略,为教师进一步优化小学数学教学提供创新性的思考思路。     

浅议类比教学在初中数学课堂中的运用

正类比是指研究或认识新的数学对象时,联想和它相似的已知数学对象,将已知数学对象的特殊性质迁移到新的数学对象上去,从而获得新的对象的性质的方法.数学知识之间往往存在着密切的联系,新知识一般是旧知识经过组合或由旧知识延伸与扩展而成,这就意味着,在初中数学课堂中,教师可以充分利用概念、定理、解题思路的似曾相识,在学生掌握旧知识的基础上,利用类比,引导学生展开丰     

英语学习中的汉语负迁移及克服

英语学习中的迁移现象存在于汉语对英语的影响,原有知识对新学英语知识的影响之中。负迁移是双语学习中的常见现象,通过分析英语学习中的负迁移现象、负迁移的表现形式和影响负迁移的因素,提出有效克服负迁移的方法,从而能够处理好汉语对英语学习的负迁移,促进英语的学习。     

论迁移规律在英语教学中的具体运用

英语教学中的迁移现象存在于母语对英语的影响、原有英语知识对新学英语知识的影响之中。正迁移促进学生对英语的理解,负迁移则妨碍学生对英语的掌握。明确导致正迁移和负迁移形成的因素,在英语教学中有效利用正迁移,尽量避免负迁移,对提高英语教学质量有着十分重要的意义。     

学生数学概括能力培养的策略

只有具有良好的概括能力,才能获得对数学对象的本质和规律的认识,才能使数学对象的感性认识转化为理性认以．使认以发生质的飞跃,从而为数学学习的迁移、知识的运用提供坚实的基础一本文以苏教版小学五年级数学教材“多边形的面积计算”教学为例,从知识的建立、知识的系统联系、知识的深化三个层次谈谈小学生数学概括能力的培养策略。     

英语正迁移在法语句法学习中的妙用

法语和英语同属印欧语，它们在句法上存在许多相似之处。运用语言迁移理论对法语和英语中常见的句子成分进行对比分析，可以帮助法语学习者利用英语知识正迁移，克服英语知识负迁移，准确而快速地掌握法语同类知识。     

遵循迁移规律 提高英语教学质量

英语教学中的迁移现象存在于母语对英语的影响、原有英语知识对新学英语知识的影响之中。迁移有正迁移和负迁移之分，正迁移有利于学生加快对英语的理解，负迁移则妨碍学生对英语的掌握。本文分析了导致正迁移和负迁移形成的因素，在此基础上就如何有效利用正迁移、避免负迁移进而提高英语教学质量提出了一些可行的对策。     

培养学生正迁移能力的途径

所谓＂学习迁移＂是指学生先前学习的知识在后继学习中的运用,分为正面迁移和负面迁移两种。在数学教学中有意识地培养学生对知识进行正面迁移的能力,可以帮助学生在已有知识的基础上进一步深入学习,全面吸收新知识,对于发展学生的数学思维、提高数学创新能力等具有重大意义。笔者结合教学实例,就初中数学教学中培养学生良好的正迁移能力谈三点粗浅看法。     

试析英语教学中的汉语迁移现象

英语教学中的汉语迁移现象就是指汉语对英语学习的影响.迁移有正迁移和负迁移之分,正迁移有利于学生加快对英语的理解,负迁移则妨碍学生对英语的掌握.本文探讨了迁移规律的有关知识并分析了导致正迁移和负迁移形成的因素.     

普通话对英语语音的迁移作用

迁移是指已经获得的知识、技能,甚至方法和态度,对学习新知识、新技能的影响。迁移规律在英语语音学习中起着重要作用。本文通过对语言迁移本质和迁移主要形式的分析,旨在充分发挥普通话的正迁移作用,尽量避免负迁移的影响,促进英语语音的学习。     

从个人默会知识视角看教师培训的改革

教师在教师培训中,学会的理论不能支配其行为,根本原因在于我们忽视了个人默会知识的存在。个人默会知识之于显性知识具有逻辑优先性,支配教师行为的是个人默会知识。在默会知识的视角下,为保证教师培训的有效性,教师培训的重点不应是显性知识的传递,而应是教师默会知识的更新,教师培训的培训观念和培训方式应进行改变。     

教育基本规律及其在教育研究中的运用

教育作为一种社会活动,要遵循一定的客观规律。规律具有层次性。教育最基本的规律有两条:一条是关于教育与社会发展关系的规律,称为教育的外部关系规律;一条是关于教育和人的发展关系的规律,称为教育的内部关系规律。在教育研究中,对基本规律掌握得好、运用得当,可以得到较好的研究成果;而如果掌握不好,运用不当,则可能犯生搬硬套的教条主义错误。     

Young Children's Understanding of "Remember" and "Forget"

3 studies examined young children's understanding that if one "remembers" or "forgot," one must have known at a prior time. In Study 1,4-year-olds but not 3-year-olds understood the prior knowledge component of "forgot"; both groups understood that a character with prior knowledge was "gonna remember." Study 2 controlled for the possibility that good performance on "remember" might be due to a simple association of remembering with knowledge. A significant number of 4-year-olds but not 3-year-olds understood that when 2 characters currently knew, the one with prior knowledge remembered, and that when neither character currently knew, the one with prior knowledge forgot. Study 3 made prior knowledge more salient by making the remembered or forgotten item visible to the subjects throughout. 4-year-olds performed near ceiling on both verbs, whereas 3-year-olds' performance did not differ from chance. The results are discussed in relation to children's developing understanding of the mind.     

教育基本规律及其在教育研究中的运用

教育作为一种社会活动,要遵循一定的客观规律。规律具有层次性。教育最基本的规律有两条：一条是关于教育与社会发展关系的规律,称为教育的外部关系规律;一条是关于教育和人的发展关系的规律,称为教育的内部关系规律。在教育研究中,对基本规律掌握得好、运用得当,可以得到较好的研究成果;而如果掌握不好,运用不当,则可能犯生搬硬套的教条主义错误。     

Exploring the Relationship Between Knowledge and Power in the Spanish National Curriculum for Visual Arts

The main goal of this research is to raise some issues about what is considered school knowledge in the Spanish national curriculum, as well as to make explicit the curriculum discourses of the relationship between knowledge and power. This means that the observation, distribution and production of knowledge at schools implies and generates specific forms of power, understanding at the same time, power as a producer of social identity [Popkewitz, 1994]. The paper focuses on a case study at one school and explores the relationship between knowledge and power in the art education curriculum. This approach is founded on Foucault [1969], and the works of Ball [1993] and Popkewitz [1994], towards a sociology of curriculum studies or what is known as the New Sociology of Education.     

陶行知创造教育思想及其现实意义

陶行知先生是我国近代创造教育的开创者.他以"行是知之始,知是行之成"为理论依据,以生活教育为核心内容,强调教学做合一;通过"六大解放"、"三个需要"和"一个条件"来解放、培养并发展学生的创造力;同时采用启发、自动、手脑并用等方法实施创造教育.这种思想既具有中国特色,又与教育理论发展的新趋势相吻合.回顾陶行知创造教育思想,对我国当今教育改革与发展有着重要的现实意义.     

陶行知创造教育思想对现代初等教育的启示

陶行知以“行是知之始,知是行之成”为理论依据,以生活教育为核心内容,提出了“六大解放”、“三个需要”和“一个条件”,强调教学做合一。同时采用启发、主动、手脑并用的原则和方法实施创造教育。回顾陶行知的创造教育思想,对我国现代初等教育的改革与发展仍有重要的启发作用。     

Structure and development of pre-service physics teachers’ professional knowledge

ABSTRACT

Teachers’ professional knowledge is considered one of the most important predictors of instructional quality. According to Shulman, such professional knowledge includes content, pedagogical content and pedagogical knowledge. Although recent research shed some light on the structure of the dimensions of professional knowledge, little is known how teacher education impacts pre-service physics teachers’ professional knowledge. In an effort to address this issue, we examined the content, pedagogical content and pedagogical knowledge of N?=?200 pre-service physics teachers enrolled in different years of teacher education at 12 major teacher education universities in Germany. We used structural equation modelling (1) to examine the relations amongst pre-service physics teachers’ content, pedagogical content and pedagogical knowledge, (2) to explore how the three kinds of knowledge and their relations differ across different stages of teacher education and (3) to identify factors affecting the level of each component of professional knowledge. Our findings suggest that content, pedagogical content and pedagogical knowledge represent distinct types of knowledge. Furthermore, our findings show that in the first years of professional education, pedagogical content knowledge is more closely related with general pedagogical knowledge while in later years, it is more closely related with content knowledge, suggesting that it develops from a general knowledge about teaching and learning into knowledge about the teaching and learning of specific content. Finally, beyond school achievement and years of enrolment as predictors, we find in particular the amount of classroom observations to have a positive impact on the professional knowledge of pre-service physics teachers.     

How prior knowledge affects word identification and comprehension

While prior knowledge of a passage topic is known to facilitate comprehension, little is known about how it affects word identification. We examined oral reading errors in good and poor readers when reading a passage where they either had prior knowledge of the passage topic or did not. Children who had prior knowledge of the topic were matched on decoding skill to children who did not know the topic so that the groups differed only on knowledge of the passage topic. Prior knowledge of the passage topic was found to significantly increase fluency and reduce reading errors, especially errors based on graphic information, in poor readers. Two possible mechanisms of how prior knowledge might operate to facilitate word identification were evaluated using the pattern of error types, as was the relationship of errors to comprehension. Implications of knowledge effects for assessment and educational policy are discussed.     

“联系”在中学地理教学中的应用

中学生在学习过程中更容易记住知识点本身,却很难将所学到的知识联系实际并运用到日常生活中。让学生学会联系是中学地理教学过程中必要的教学目标。“联系”在中学地理教学中的应用表现为：联系生活,利用家乡资源创设知识情境;“联系”已知,利用已知带动未知学习;“联系”新知,利用复习游戏加深知识理解。