Research on Higher Education in Europe

Research on higher education grew in European countries from scattered individual activities towards a certain degree of visibility in the 1970s, largely as consequence of growing public problem awareness. In the 1980s, it experienced a set-back due to declining public interest in higher education as a key issue of societal policies. From the late 1980s onwards, research in this domain again drew attention and support in the wake of debates about the knowledge society, new modes of steering and management and the increasing internationalisation of higher education. However, growth and consolidation of this research were accompanied by a more rapid growth of policy-geared information collection and dissemination in the framework of evaluation, consultancy, expert commissions and the daily work of the growing number of higher education professionals. Research on higher education often does not have a solid institutional base and it both benefits and suffers from the fact that it is a theme-base area of research, drawing from different disciplines, and that the borderline is fuzzy between researchers and other experts on higher education. But a growth and quality improvement of research on higher education can be observed in recent years — certainly to some extent due to growing cooperation of researchers across Europe and to increasing cooperation in comparative projects. In the future, the first steps undertaken to establish study programmes for higher education experts could turn out be beneficial not only for the dissemination of research findings, but also for the quality of young researchers in this domain.     

北欧国家外语教育政策与实践——以瑞典和挪威为例

欧洲外语教育政策是欧洲一体化的一个直观反映。近年来,欧盟一直致力于语言多元化的推进和完善。北欧国家既希望通过一体化融入欧洲,也尽力避免以英语为代表的欧洲优势语言对本国语言母语人群的侵蚀。瑞典和挪威通过一系列的外语教育政策和实践,努力推进欧洲语言多元主义和语言学习多样化。     

民族语言授课远程高等教育发展的比较分析

总结了国内少数民族语言授课远程高等教育的发展过程,并比较分析了同一时期维吾尔语授课和蒙古语授课远程高等教育发展状况,由此提出了创办和发展蒙古语授课现代远程高等教育的启示。     

美国高等教育州绩效拨款的现状、特点及争论

绩效拨款不仅是一种拨款方式,更是一种问责方式。自美国田纳西州1997年率先设立绩效拨款机制以来,目前美国有近一半的州建立了该机制。美国绩效拨款机制的形成受到财政、支持力量以及政策的影响。尽管对州绩效拨款存在争论,但高等教育绩效拨款在一定程度上合理分配了政府有限的教育资源,弥补了经费的部分短缺,有力地鼓励了高校重视教学科研质量、降低成本,提高了高等教育的办学效益。     

欧洲高等教育研究与高等教育政策及实践的关系

根据不同的主题领域高等教育研究可被划分为:定量—结构方面,与知识、学科相关的方面,与人相关或与教学相关的方面,以及组织与行政方面等。因此,高等教育研究是涉及教育学、心理学、社会学、政治学、经济学和商学、法律和历史等的跨学科研究。与美国和中国相比,欧洲的高等教育研究较少建立在教育院系基础之上,而是依靠大学里的跨学科研究机构把提高学术质量和相关的政策与实践连接起来。近几年,公众对高等教育研究系统知识的兴趣开始增长,但是从中获利较多的却是那些评估研究、所谓的专家报告以及指标研究等非学术性的高等教育研究。总之,高等教育研究的制度基础在不同的欧洲国家呈现出前所未有的多样化。     

Students and the Governance of Higher Education in Norway

The article discusses the question of student participation in higher education governance at the national and the institutional levels in Norway. Two ideal-type perspectives on governance are developed in order to illuminate the Norwegian case: a democratic perspective and a market perspective. The article provides a brief overview of the historical development of student participation in higher education governance, emphasizing how students view their own role in the governance arenas in which they participate. Close attention is paid to student participation and influence in quality assurance schemes at both the national and the institutional levels. In the conclusion, the article discusses how the recent developments are changing the balance towards the market model of higher education governance, without obliterating significant elements of the hitherto predominant democratic governance model.

     

论高等教育大众化背景下精英教育的现状与展望

在高等教育走向大众化的今天,我们应该注意高等教育的精英性,考虑到大众化阶段精英教育实施过程中的制约因素。只有克服这些阻碍,尽力维持精英型大学的教育水准,完善精英教育体系,才能使精英高等教育在大众化时代继续发挥重要的作用。     

Chinese Language Education in Europe: the Confucius Institutes

This article explores the background to the Chinese government's decision to embark on a programme of promoting the study of Chinese language and culture overseas. This includes the impact of Joseph Nye's concept of ‘soft power’ in China, ownership of the national language, the Confucius connection, and how these factors interact with political legitimacy. It also considers the development of the Confucius Institute programme in Europe. Europe has the greatest number of Confucius Institutes of any region: what should be read into this? What impact are these institutes having on the development of Chinese language education in Europe at different levels of the educational system? The paper provides some data on recent developments, outlines some of the obstacles to further progress and assesses the chances of Chinese becoming a global language.     

试析高师音乐教育中的素质教育

高师音乐教育中“素质教育”问题，涉及整个高师音乐教育体系调整和变革的诸多问题，在高师音乐教育中实施“素质教育”工程，必须着力于培养学生良好的个人素质、适合社会要求的专业素质、较高的职业素质、比较完美的个性。     

Higher Education and Teacher Training in Norway

By "higher education" is meant all types of tuition provided by universities, colleges, and other post-secondary educational institutions which may be attended by students who have either completed their three-year upper secondary program and have passed their final examination, or who can prove that they have reached a corresponding level of competence. Higher education used to be the prerogative of those who had passed their final examination at the old gymnas (high school); this examination, known as examen artium, may be defined as the Norwegian equivalent of the British GCE "A" Level examination, the German Abitur, or the French baccalauréat.     

Higher Education Policy Change in Europe: Academic Research Funding and the Impact Agenda

In the policy period following the Lisbon Strategy of 2000, European governments increasingly regard universities, and the research they produce, as key to enhancing economic performance. With this heightened respect for the value of university-based research, comes an impatience to see returns on the public investments made. We analyze how policy is being used to influence the academic research process through the evaluations and funding allocation that accompany public funding. This paper features examples from the European Union and recent policy developments in two nation states to investigate how policy seeks to enhance the non-academic impacts of academic research.     

Strategies for Achieving Gender Equality in Higher Education and Research in Norway

The vision behind the work of the gender equality advisors in Norwegian universities and the Research Council of Norway is that of full equality between women and men in all areas and at all levels of the sector of higher education. The Network of Gender Equality Advisors in Higher Education and Research was formed in 1994. Both good and less good news can be reported on the work accomplished so far. A double strategy is applied to tackle gender inequality: mainstreaming and special commitment.     

Higher Education as a Field of Study and Research in Europe

This article describes the emergence of higher education as a field of research, scholarship and study. In the first part, the meaning of higher education as a field of research is defined contrasting Europe and the US. Then, the institutional basis of higher education research in Europe is analysed (learned societies, institutes and centres, professorships, journals, study programmes). In the second part, the main areas of research and knowledge production are discussed, while the third focuses on the relationships between higher education research, policy and practice. The article ends with sections on future perspectives and conclusions.     

法律视野中的欧洲高等教育一体化进程

20世纪50年代以来,欧洲国家借助法律手段不断推动和巩固经济及政治上的联合。同样,欧洲国家高等教育交流与合作的共识与愿景也大多凝聚在各种法律文件之中。实践证明,这些法律所确定的方针、原则、思想和行动计划是推动各国高等教育迈向一体化的重要力量。     

Civil Society and the Reform of Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe: Perspectives from the Council of Europe

The author begins by defining “civil society” and then traces the historical origins of the concept. He summarizes the views in regard to civil society of the Council of Europe and explains how these views are reflected in the reform programmes developed by the organization for central and eastern Europe after 1989. The author concludes his article with a discussion of the role and place of higher education in civil society with reference to a major Council of Europe programme, the Legislative Reform Programme for Higher Education and Research.     

论中世纪欧洲高等教育发展的文化选择

高等教育发展与文化选择具有内在的必然联系.在不同历史时期,高等教育发展过程中的文化选择具有鲜明的时代特征.在欧洲中世纪特定的历史时期,把宗教文化作为高等教育文化选择的主要内容是中世纪欧洲高等教育发展历史的必然趋势,宗教文化充斥在欧洲大学的各个场所并促进了其高等教育的发展,选择宗教文化是欧洲中世纪高等教育发展文化选择的一种理性选择.     

高职院校语言文字规范化建设探析

围绕高等职业教育特点,对常州大学城五所高职院校的语言文字规范化建设程度、高职学生的语言文字水平和认知程度、普通话培训测试等进行调研,剖析高职院校语言文字规范化建设的现状与存在问题,以确定工作的难点和重点,并探寻新时期高职院校语言文字规范化工作的方法和途径。